T wp p j gfflP i ifjBWwiiii i fiwi ii wrwiili 




A.J?.- 



tf^^LiBRARY OF Congress.^! 

I ^ I 

f: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.rOiji 

■■■^ '■-"'■ c*!^ 



A COLLBCTIOlf OF 

facts, Dates and Statistics 

OF THS 

USITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

KESPECTINa 

THE GOVERNMENT, ARMY, NAVY, DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS, FINANCft 
REVENUE, TARIFF, LAND SALES, HOMESTEAD AND NATURALIZA- 
TION LAWS, DEBT, POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, AND 
EACH STATE AND CONSIDERABLE CITY, AGRICULTURAL 
CONDITION, AREA FOR CULTIVATION, FOREIGN COINS 
AND THEIR VALUE, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 
POSTAGES AND LABOR TABLES, EDUCATION 
AND RAILWAYS, ETC., ETC. 

BEING THE 

MOST COMPLETE COLLECTION OF STATISTICS 
EVER BROUGHT TOGETHER IN A SINGLE VOLUME OF SMALL WZE. 



TO BE PRESENTED TO SAOH PlTBOHAaBR OW 




GATLORD WATSON, J 6 Bmdkmait 8tm«r 
1876. 






TO THK rURCHASKHS OF 

WATSON'S NEW MAP OF THE UNITED STATES. 



It has been our object iu preparing this little luanual, ru furui.sh 
all withont additiontil cost to you, thougli at heavy ejqjeuse to oursclvi's, 
those general statistics which are likely to lie wanted by a map purchasoi-. 
We think that we have succeeded in giving you the most valuable collection 
ever made in any moderate compass, and shall be greatly disappoinicil, if 
this does not largely increase the demand for our beautiful map. If tlie 
purchasers are satisfied with our efibrt to give them their money's \\.)rtJi, 
■we shall be thoroughly content. 

The ruBJLisiiKK. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Tear 1875, by G A YLOKD WATSON, in the Office 
of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT, 

. r. PUIXCIPAI. DKPAUTMENTS, OKI.ICER.S OF THE CABINET, THE AKMV AND NAVV 

^OX^m^T o"'^''''''''''^'^^^'"'''^''^'^™ REI^TIONS-OUK MINI8TKK8 AA* 
CONSULS ro FOREIGN COUNTRIES, AND THEIRS TO THIS COUNTRY. 

UNITED STATES GOVEENMENT. 

PRESIDENT. 

Ulysses S. Grant, of Galena, Illinois. Tem expires March 4, 1877 

The President, is chosen by Electors, who are elected by the People 
each State having as many as it has Senators and Representatives in 
Congress He holds office four years; is Commander-in-Chief of the 
Army and Navy of the United States ,- has power to grant pardons and 
repneves for offenses against the United States ; nmkes treaties, by and 

sent nf I. r\''''°'"^'^^' ^^'"'*^' nominates, and, with the con- 
sent of the Senate, appomts, all Cabinet, Diplomatic, Judicial and Exec- 
utive officers; has power to convene Congress, or the Senate only ; com- 
mumcat..s with Congress by message at every session; receives all Foreign 
Mimsters; takes care that the laws are faithfully executed, andthepubL 
busmess transacted. Salary $50,000 a year. - 

tice-president. 
Thomas W. Ferrt. of Michigan, is President pro tem of the Senate. 

Is chosen by tlie Electors at the same time, and in the same manner 
as the President; is President of the Senate, and has the casting vote 
therein. In case of the death, resignation, disability or removal of the 
President his powers and duties devolve upon the Vice-President for the 
residue of his term In cases of vacancy, where the Vice-President suc- 
ceeds to the Presidential office, the President of the Senate becomes e^ 
officw Vioe-President. Salary $10,000 a year. 

THE state department 

Preserves the public archives, records, laws, documents and treaties, 
and supervises their publication ; conducts all business and correspondence 

mWons'ltc ''^'' ^'^'*'''''' °''^'' """^ '""^ '''"'^' P^^^P^^' ««^ 

Department Officers. 
Secretary of State : Hamilton Fish, of New Ywk 
Assistant Secretary: J. L. Cadwallader, of New Jersey. 
Second Assistant Secretary : Wm, Hunter, of lihode Island 



TBM aJBKHRAL QOYERNMENT. 

Diplomaitc Officers. 



er»at BrlUln. 

do 

do 

d« 

do 

do 

do 

Eastlndieg 

Australia 

Canada 

Kossia 

do 



do 

do 

do 

do 

Franca . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Spain 

do 

do 

Cnba 

Portugal 

do 

do 

do 

Belgium 

do 

do 

do : 

Netherlands 

do 

do 

Denmark 

do .. : 

Sweden A Norway. 

do do 
Garmanjr 

do 

do 

do 

Saxony. 

Bremen 

Hamburg 

Bavaria 

Wurtembarg 

Baden 

Austrift 

do 

do 

do 

SwUzerUnd 

do 

do 

n»iT 



do 



do 

do 

do 
ttokey 

do -••• 

do 

do 

Egypt 

Greece 

Barbary States 

Liberia 

Muscat 

do 

Madagascar 

Japan 

do 

do 

do 

81am....* ' 

China 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Hawaiian Islands. . 

do do 

Hayti 

San Domingo 

Itexic* 

de 



Edwards. Pierreipont 

Wickliam Hoffman 

William H. Chesebrcngh. 

Adam Badeau 

Lucius Fairchild 

S. li. Glasgow 

James M. Donnan 

A. 0. Litchfield 

Thomas Adamson, Jr 

William A. Dart. 



George H. Boker vlinister 



Minister 

Secretary Legation. 

2d Sec. Legation 

Consul General 

Consul 

do 

do 

Consul-Geueral 

Consul 

Consul-General 



FOEEIGN RESIDENCE. 






Eugene Schuyler 

George Pomutz 

8. P. Young 

Ij.E. Dyer 

A. Wllkins 

Elihu B. Washburne.. 

R. R. Hitt 

Gratiot Washburne . . . . 
Alfred T. A. Torbert... 

John A. Bridgland 

Frank W. Potter 

Caleb Gushing 

Alvey A. Adee 

Alfred N. Doffle 

Henry O.Hall 

Benjamin Moran 

Vacant 

Henry W. Diman 

Alfred V. Dockery 

Vacant 

Vacant 

John Wilson 

James B. Weaver 

Francis B. Stockbrldge 

Frederick Schultz 

Charles Mueller 

M. J. Cramer 

Henry B. Ryder 

C. C. Andrews , 

F. K. Hazier 

J. O, Bancroft Davis. . . 

Nicholas Fish... 

Chapman Coleman 

William P. Webster.... 

John H. Steuart 

JohnM. Wilson 

Edward Robinson 

O. Honry Horstman 

Jos. S. Potter 

William H. Young 

GodlovoS. Orth 

John F. Delaplaine 

P. Sidney Post 

A. W. Thayer 

Horace Bublee 

Henry Erni 

ChaflesH. Upton 

George P. Marsh 

George W. Wurtz 

Paul Dahlgreen 

O. M. Spencer 

B.Odell Duncan 

Horace Maynard 

J. H. Ooodenow 

A. A. Garguilio 

Frank 8. DeHaas 

O. M. Salvage 

R. Beardsley 

J. Meredith Read, Jr — 

K. A. Matthews 

J. Milton Turner 

Wm. G. Riley 

Wm. G. Robinson 

J. P. Finklemeier 

John A. Bingham 

Durham W. Stevens — 

David Thompson 

T. B. Van Buren 

P. W. Partridge 

Benjamin P. Avery 

S.Wells Williams 

George F. Seward 

Charles P.Lincoln 

Milton M. De Lano 

Henry A. Fierce 

James Scott 

E. D. Bassett 

Paul Jones 

John W Foster 

Daniel 3. Richardson. . . 

Edmund Johnson 

Jollns A. Skilton 

(Thomas F Wilson 



Secretary Legation. . 

Consul 

Consul-General 

Consul 

Agent 

Minister 

Secretary Legation. . 

Asst. Secretary 

Consul-General 

Consul 

do 

Minister 

Secretary Legation. . 

Consul 

Consul-General 

Minister 

Secretary Legation. . 

Consul 

do 

Minister 

Secretary Legation. . 

Consul 

do 

Minister 

Consul. 

do 

Minister 

(Consul 

Minister 

Consul. 

Mmister 

Secretary Legation. . 

Asst. Secretary 

Consul-General 

do 

do ' 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Minister 

Secretary Legation. . 

Consul 

do 

Minister 

Consul 

do 

Minister 

Secretary Legation. . 

Consul-General 

Consul 

do 

Minister 

Secretary Legation.. 

Interpreter 

Constil 

Agent 

Consul-Qenaral 

Minister •- ... 

Consul 

Consul-General 

Consul 

Consul 

Vice-Consul 

Minister 

Secretary Legation.. 

Interpreter 

Consul 

do 

Ministei- 

Secretary Legation. . 

Consul-General 

Consul 

do 

Minister 

Consul 

♦"onsul-General 

Consul , 

Minister 

Secretary Legation. . 

Consul 

Consul-General 

Consul 



London 
do 
dc 
do 
Liverpool. 
Glasgow. 
Belfast. 
Calcutta. 
Melbourne. 
Montreal. 
St. Petersburg, 
do 
do 
Moscow. 
Odessa. 
Cronstadt 
Paris 
do 
do 
do 
Havre. 
Marseilles. 
Madrid. 

do 
Cadiz. 
Havana. 
Lisbon. 
do 
do 
Oporto. 
Brussels 
do 
do 
Antwerp. 
The Hague 
Rotterdam. 
Amsterdam. 
Copenhagen. 

do 
Stockholm. 
Oottenburgh 
Berlin, 
do 
do 
Frankfort. 
Leipsic. 
Bremen. 
Hamburg. 
Munich. 
Stuttgart, 
Manheim. 
Vienna, 
do 
do 
Trieste. 
Berne. 
Basle. 
Geneva, 
Rome, 
do 
do 
Genoa. 
Naples. 

Constantinople, 
do 
do 
Jerusalem. 
Alexandria. 
Cairo. 
Athens. 
Tangier 
Monrovia. 
Zanzibar. 

do 
Tamatave. 
Yeddo. 
do 
do 
Kangawa. 
Bangkok. 
Pekin. 

do 
Shanghai. 
Canton. 
Fuo Chow. 
Honolulu. 

do 
Portau Prince. 
St. Domingo. 
Mexico'. 

do 
Tampico. 

MrXlCO. 

Matamoras. 



THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 

Diplomatic Officers — Continued. 



Mexico 

Cen. Am. States... 
Colombia 

do 

Venezuela 

do 

Equador 

do 

Brazil 

do 

do 

do 

Argentine Cont". . . , 

do do ... 

Paraguay &, Uru'y 

do 

Chili 

do 

Peru 

do 

Bolivia 6... 



S. T. Trowbridge 

George Williamson. . 
William L. Scruggs. . 

Owen M. Long 

Thomas Kussell 

Aiifrust Van Cleef . . . 
Christian WuUweber 

Charles Weilcff 

James R. Partridge.. 
Wm. A. Purrington.. 

Joseph M. Ilinds 

Joseph W. Stryker... 
Thomas O. Osbom. . . 
Edward L. Baker.... 
John C. Caldwell.... 

Enoch Jacobs 

Cornelius A. Logan.. 

David J. Wells 

Richard Gibbs 

Philip Clayton 

Robert M. Reynolds.. 



OFFICE. 


FOREIGN RK8IDKNCB. 










do 


Bogata. 








Lagnayra. 

Quito. 

Ouayaquil. 


Minister 




Secretary Legaiion.. 

Consul General 

do 


do do 
do do 


Minister t 


Buenos Ayres. 




Montevideo, Uru'y. 




Minister 




Consul 


Valparaiso. 






Callao. 


Minister 


La Paz. 



FOREIGN LEGATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Argentine Republic. — Manuel Rafael Garcia, Envoy Extraordinary 
and Minister Plenipotentiary; G. Vedela Dorna, Sec. of Legation. 

Austria. — Count Ladislas Hoyos, Envoy Ex. and Minister Plen. ; 
Chev. Ernest von Tavera, Secretary of Legation ; Dr. Sigismund R, 
Blum, Attache. 

Belgium. — Mr. Maurice Delfosse, Envoy Ex. and Minister Plen. ; 
Amedee Vanden Nest, 1st Secretary of Legation; Baron Du Jardin, 
1st Secretary. 

Brazil. — Counsellor A. P. de Carvalho Borges, Envoy Ex. and Min- 
ister Plen.; Senhor Benjamin Franklin Torreao do Barros, Secretary 
of Legation; Senor Dom Henrique Carlos Ribeiro Lisboa, Attache. 

Chili. — Senor Don Adolf o Ibanez, Envoy Ex. and Minister Plen. ; 
Senor Don F. G. Errazuriz, Secretary of Legation; Don Eduardo 
Vigil Zanartu, Attache. 

Colombia. — Senor Don Felipe Zapata, Envoy Ex. and Minister Plen. ; 
Don F. Agudelo, Secretary of Legation ; Don G. Espinosa, Attache. 

Denmark. — J. H. de Hegermann Lindencrone, Minister Resident. 

France. — Mr. A. Bartholdi, Envoy Ex. and Minister Plen.; Count 
de la Rochefoucauld, Secretary of Legation; Count de Pourtales, 
Third Secretary; Mr. Boutton, Attache; M. le Capitaine Anfrye, Mil- 
itary Attache; Mr. Paul Dejardin, Oonsul-ChanceUer. 

German Empire. — 'Mr. Kurd Von Schlozer, Envoy and Minister 
Plen. ; Baron Max von Thielmann, Secretary of Legation ; Mr. P. W. 
Buddecke, Chancellor of Legation. 

Great Britain. — Sir Edward Thornton, K. C. B., Envoy Ex. and 
Minister Plen. ; Robert Grant Watson, Secretary of Legation; Capt. 
"Wm. Gore Jones, R. N., Naval Attache; Hon. Power H. le Poer 
Trench, Second Secretary; Charles Fox Frederick Adam, Esq., At- 
tache. 

Guatemala, Salvador and Honduras. — Senor Don Vicente Dardon, 
Charge d' Affaires; Senor Don J. Saborio, Secretary of Legation. 



Q THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT. 

Haijti—Mx. Steven Preston, Envoy Ex. and Minister Plen. 

Hawaiian Islands.— E. H. Allen, Minister Resident. 

Italy.— Baron Albert Blanc, Envoy Ex. and Minister Plen. ; Count 
Litta, Secretary of Legation. 

Japan.— Yoshida. Kiyonari, Minister Resident; Mr. Yoshida Djiro, 
S cretary of Legation; Mr. Asada Yasunori, Attache; Mr. Hangiro 
Absano, Attache; Mr. Seinoske Tashiro, Attache. 

Mexico.—Senor Don Ignacio Mariscal, Envoy Ex. and Minister 
Plen.; Senor Don Jose T. de Ciiellar, Secretary of Legation; Senor 
Don Cayetano Romero, Second Secretary.' 

Netherlands.— B.err Pestel, Minister Resident. 

Nicaragua. Senor Don Emilio Benard, Minister Resident. 

Portugal— Boxon de Santa Anna, Envoy Ex. and Minister Plen. 

Peru. Senor Coronel Don Manuel Freyre, Envoy Ex. and Minis- 
ter Plen.; Don Eduardo Villena, Secretary of Legation: Don Ernesto 

Aservi, Attache. 

Emsia.—^v Nicholas Shishkin, Envoy Ex. and Minister Plen. ; 
Mr. N. de Voigt, Secretary of Legation; Mr. George Bakhmetoff, 
Second Secretary of Legation. 

Spain.— Don Antonio Mantilla de los Rios, Envoy Ex. and Minister 
Plen.; Senor Don Jose de Soto, Second Secretary of 'Legation; Don 
Luis Polo de Bernabe, 3d Secretary of Legation; Senor Don Carios 
Erenchum, Attache; Senor don Tomas de Rueda, Attache; Colonel 
Don Teodoro Bermudez, Military Attache. 

Sweden and iVorimy.— Mr. A. Grip, Charge d'Affaires ad mterum; 
M. de Bjornstjerna, Secretary of Legation and Charge; Mr. C. de 

Bildt, Attache. 

Turkey.— Gregoive Aristarchi Bey, Envoy Ex. and Minister Plen.; 
Baitazzi Effendi, Sec. of Legation; Rustum Effendi, 2d Secretary of 

Legation. 

Venezuela.— Jnan B. Dalla Costa, Envoy Ex. and Minister PI 
Andres S. Ibarra, Sec. of Legation. 

THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

Receives and has charge of all moneys paid into the United States 
Treasury, has general supervision of the fiscal transactions of the Gov 
ernment, the collection of r evenue,the auditing and payment of accou 
and other disbursements, supervises the execution of the laws relating . ^ ■ 
Commerce and Navigation of the United States, the Revenues and Cur- 
rency, the Coast Survey, the Mint and Coinage, the Light-House Estab- 
lishment, the construction of MarineHospitals,Custom-Houses,&c. The 
1st Comptroller prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering accounts 
for the civil and diplomatic service, and the public land. To him the 
First, Fifth, and Sixth Auditors report. T ae Strcond Comptroller pre- 



THE OENERAL GOVERSMENT. 7 

THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT— (Continued.) 
cribes the mode of keeping and rendering accounts for the army, navy 
and Indian Departments, and to him the Second, Third and Fourth 
Auditors report. The First Auditor adjusts the accounts of the cus- 
toms, revenue, civil service and private acts of Congress. The Second 
Auditor adjusts accounts relating to pay, clothing and recruiting of the 
army, the arsenals, armories and ordnance, and the Indian depart- 
ment. The Third Auditor adjusts accounts for army subsistene, fort- 
ifications, militai-y academy and roads, quartermaster's department 
and military claims. The Fourth Auditor adjusts the navy accounts, 
the Fifth diplomatic, and the Sixth postal affairs. 

Department Officers. 
Secretary of the Treasury : Lot M. Morrill, of Maine. 
Assistant Secy's: C. F. Conant, of N. Y., and C. F. Burnham 

WAR DEPARTMENT. 
Has charge of business growing out of military affairs, k(^eps the 
records of the army, issues commissions, directs the movement of 
troops, siiperintends their payment, stores, clothing, arms and equip- 
ments and ordnance, constructs fortifications, and conducts works of 
military engineering. 

Department Officers. 
Secretary of War: J. Donald Cameron, of Pennsylvania. 

Chief Clerk: H. T. Crosby, of Peuusylvaiiia. 

Inspector General: Brevet Major Genernl Randolph B. Marcy, of Massachusetts. 

Juojro Advocate General : Brevet Major General Joseph Holt, of Kentucky. 

Adjutaiit General : Brevet Major General E. U. Townaend, of Dist. of Columbia 

(>uarier M.i-ster General : Brevet Major Geneial M. C. Meigs, of Pennsylvania. 

Coniiuisa;;ry General: Brigadier General Eobert :&Iacfeely. 

Surgeon General: Brevet Major General Joseph K. Barnes, of Pennsylvania. 

Paymaster General: Brevet Brigadier General Benjamin Alvord, of Vermont. 

Chief ol Bureau of Engineers: Brevet Major General A. A. Humphreys, of Dist. of Columbia. 

Chief of Ordnance Bureau: Brigadier General S; V. Benet, of Florida. 

Signal Oliicer : Major General Albert J. Myer, of New York. 

General Officers of Regular. Army. 



NAME AXU KAXK. 



General. 
Wm. T. Sherman 

Lieutenant- General. 
Philip H. Sheridan. . . 

Major-Generals. 
Winfield S. Hancock 

John M. Scholield 

Irwin McDowell 

John Pope. 

Brigadier- Generals. 

(Jliver O. Howard 

Alfred H. Terry 

Edward O.C.Ord.... 
Christopher C. Augur 
George Crook 



ENTRY INTO 
SERVICE. 



APPOINTED 
FROM. 



July 1, 1840 Ohio. 
July 1, 1853 Ohio 



July 1, 
July 1, 
July 1, 
Julyl4, 

July 1, 
Jan. 15, 
Jnly 1. 
Tnly 1, 
July 1, 



1844|Penna. 



18.^7 
183, 
184i 

18.>; 

18(1.-. 
18:;!' 
IS!" 
185.' 



California. 

Ohio. 

Illinois. 

Maine. 
Conn. 
Maryland. 
•Vew York. 
Ohio. 



NAME AND RANK. 



Betired List. 
Major- Generals. 
Joseph Hooker. 



ENTRY INTO 
SEiniCE. 



Al'POINTEU 
FROM. 



S. 1*. Hointzelnian. 
Thomiis J. Wood.. 
John v.. Robinson. 
Daniel E. Sickle .. 
Samuel S. CarroU. 
Thomas W. Sherman- 
Richard "W.Johnson 
James B. Riclcets... 
Eli Long 



July 1. 
July X, 
iJaly 1, 

ioctTo?; 

!Nov.2!>, 
July J, 
July 1, 
July 1 
July 1, 
Jan.2T, 



1837:California. 
18-26 tPenna. 
1845iKintuckT. 
1839: New York. 
leSiilNew York. 
18o6|Di.st. Col. 
183()Ir. Island. 
1849 Kentucky. 
1839 New York. 
1856 Kentucky. 



TME GENERAL OOTERNMENX. 



Military Geographical Divisions and Departments. 



1. Division rtf the Misscniri. — Departments of Dakota, of the Missouri, of the Platte, and of 

Texas ; headqaaxters at Chicago, Illinois. 

2. Division of the Atlantic. — The New England States, the States of New York, New Jersey, 

Pennsylvania, Delaware. Maryland, Virginia, "West Virginia, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, 
Indiana, and the District of Columbia ; headquarters at New York City. 

.3. Division of the Pacdfic. — Departments of CaUfomia, of the Columbia, and of Arizona ; head 
quarters at San Francisco, California. 

4. Division of the South. — Departments of the South and of the Gulf; headquarters at Louis- 

ville, Kentucky. 

5. Department of the Missouri. — The States of Missouri, Kansas and lUinois, and the Territo- 

ries of Colorado and New Mexico, and Camp Supply, Indian Territory ; headquarters at 
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. 

6. Department of the Platte. — The States of Iowa and Nebraska, and the Territories of Dtaji 

and "Wyoming ; headquarters at Omaha, Nebraska. 

7. Department of Dakota. — The State of Minnesota, and the Territories of Dakota and Mon- 

tana ; headquarters at St. Paul, Minnesota. 

8. Department of California.— The State of Nevada, the post of Fort Hall, Idaho Territory, 

and so much of the State of California as lies north of a line from the north-west corner 
of Arizona Territory to Point Conception, California; headquarters at San Francisco, 
California. 

!». Department of the Columbia.— The State of Oregon, and the Territories of "Washington, 
Idaho, excepting Fort Hall, and Alaska ; headquarters at Portland, Oregon. 

10. Department of Arizona. -The Territory of Arizona, and so much of the State of California 

as lies south of a line from the north-west corner of Arizona Territory to Point Concep- 
tion, California; headquarters at Prescott, Arizona Territory. 

11. Department of the Sozith. — The States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, 

(except the Gulf posts from Pensacola Harbor to Fort Jefferson and Key "West, inclusive), 
Alabama, including the posts in Mobile Bay, Tennessee and Kentucky ; lieadquarters at 
Louisville, Kentucky. 

12. Department of Texas. — The State of Texas and the Indian Territory, excepting Camp Sup- 

ply ; headquarters at San Antonio, Texas. 

13. Department of the Oulf. — The States of Louisiana, Arkansas and Mississippi, and the Gulf 

posts as far eastward as, and embracing, Fort Jeflferson and Key West, Florida, exclud- 
ing the ports in Mobile Bay ; headquarters at New Orleans. Louisiana. 

NAYT DEPARTMENT 
Has charge ©f the Naval Establisliineut aud all business connected 
therewith, issues Naval Commissions, instructions and orders, supervises 
the enlistment and discharge of seamen, the Marine Corps, the construc- 
tion of Navy Yards and Docks, the construction and equipment of Vessels, 
the purchase of pro-visions, stores, clothmg and ordnance, the cenduct of 
•urveys- and hydrographical operations. 

Department Officer. 

ft«H«ias7 of tshe Navy : George M. RebesoB, of N«w Jews^. 
Chief Clerk : John W. Hog^, of Dist. of Columbia. 

Officers of tJie Navy. 



NAMB AND RA«K. 



AdmirtUt. 

D»Tid D. Porter 

Yiee-Admiral. 
Stephen C. Rowan... 

Rear Admirait. 
Active IA»t. 

Charles H. Davia 

John Rortgere 

Angaatu« L. Ciue. . . . 



STATE 
FKOM. 



Poina. 



Ohio. 



Mms.. 
D. C.-. 
N. T. 



"fleed Werden | Ohio.. 



ENTUY INTO 
SERVICE. 



Feb. 2,1829 
Feb. 1, 1826 



Aug. 12, 1823 

Apl. 18, 1828 

ApL 1,1828 

I Jan. 9, 1834 



NAME AND RANK. 



Rear AdmiraU. 
Active Liat. 
Alex. M. Pennook. 
John L. Worden... 

John J. Almy 

James H. Strong . . 
William Reynolds. 
William E. LeRoy. 
J. R. M. Mullany.- 
C. R. P. Rodgere.. 
Napoleon CoUinB .- 
S. D.Trenchard... 



STATE 
FROM. 



Tenn.. 
N. Y.. 
R. I. -. 
N. Y-. 
Penna. 
K. Y.. 
N.J... 
Conn.. 

Ind 

is.!.. 



ENTRY INTf 
SSBVICK 



ApL 1, 182fc 
Jan. M, 1834 
Feb. 2, 1829 
Feb. 2, 1829 
Nov. 17, 1831 
Jan. 11, 1832 
Jaik --T, 1832 
Oct. 5, 1833 
Jan. 12, IB34 
Oct. 23, 1874 



THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT 



Officers of the Navy — (Contiifued.) 



NAME AND RANK. 

Oommodores. 
Active List. 

Alexander Murray. 
Edward D nialdsori. 
George H. Preble. . . 
Tlios. H. Patterson. 

John C. Ilovrell 

Daiiiel Ammeu 

Edward T. Nichols. 
Robert n. "Wynian. 
Georj^eB. Baich.... 
Thomas H. Stevens 
Foxhall A. Parker.. 

John Guest 

JohnM. B. Glitz. .. 



STATE 
FKOM 



Penna. 
Md. ... 



ENTRY INTO 
SERVICE. 



Aug. 22, 1835 
July 21, 1835 



La April 5, 18;!6 

Penna ! June 9, 18:36 

Ohio. ' " 



July 7, 1; 36 

..iGa |Dec. 14, 1836 

Mar. 11, 1837 



N. H. 



Ala jDec. 30, l-:'7 



Conn. 
Va.... 
Ark.. 
Mich. 



Dec. 14, 1.-36 
Mar. 11, 1837 
Dec. 16, 1837 
Aprl 12, 1837 



NAME AND RANK. 



OoTnmodores. 
Active List. 

Andrew Bryson 

D. McN., f^airfax.. 
James H. Spott»... 
J. W. A KichoUon 

A. G. Clary 

S. H. Cooper 

J. C. Beaiunont 

C. H. B. Caldwell.. 

T. C Febiirer 

Pierce Crosby 

J. B. Creighton — 
A. K. Hughes 



STATE 
FROM. 



N. T... 
N. C... 
Ky 

N. Y.-. 
Mms. . . 

N. T... 

Mass. . 
Ohio. . 
Penna. 
N.Y.. 



ENTET INTO 
SERVICE. 



Dec. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Feb. 
May 
Aug. 



1, 1837 
12, 1837 

2, 1837 
10, 1838 

8, 1832 
4, 1837 



Feb. 27, 1838 

Sept. 4, 1838 

June 5, 1838 

Feb. 10, 1838 



DEPAKTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Has charge of the survey, management, sales and grants of Public 
Lands, the examinations of Pension and Bo'onty Lund claims, the 
management of Lidian affairs, the examination of Liventions and 
award of Patents, the collection of Statistics, the distj-ibiHion of Seeds, 
Plants, etc., the taking of Censuses, the management of Government 
mines, the erection of Public Buildings, and the construction of 
wagon roads to the Pacific. 

Department Officers. 
Secretary of the Interior, Zachariah Chandler, of Michigan. 
Assistant Secretary, Charles F. Gorham. 

POST OFFICE DEP-i^RTMENT 

Has charge of the Postal System, the establishment and discon- 
tinuance of Post Offices, appointment of Postmasters, the contracts 
for carrying the mails, the Dead Letter Office, maincains an inspec- 
tion to prevent frauds, mail depredations, etc. 

Department Officers. 
Postmaster-General, James M. Tyner, of Lidiana. 
A- pointment Office, Ist Asst. P. M. General, J. W. ^larshall, N. J. 
Contract Office, 2d Anst. P. M. General, Thomas J. Brady. 
Finance Office, 3d Asst. P. M. General, E. W. Barber, Wisconsin. 

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. 

The Attorney-General, who is the head of this department, is the 
legal adviser of the President and heads of departments, examines 
titles, applications for pardons, and judicial and legal appointments, 
conducts and argues suits in which Government is concerned, etc. 

Department Officers. 
Attorney-General, Alphonso Taft, of Ohio. 
Assistant Attorney-General, Edwin B. Smith, 
do do Thomas Simons. 

Solicitor General, Samuel F. PhilUps. 
Asst. Att'y Gen'! for Department of Interior, Augustine S. Gaylord. 
2 



10 THE GESER.iL GOVERNMENT. 

THE JUDICIARY. 

Supreme Court, of the United States. 

APPOINTED AGES. SALAltY. 

1874. Morrisou R. Waite, of Ohio— Chief Justice. $10,5(U' 

1872. Ward Hunt, of New York, Asso. Jus. 62 10,0on 

1858. ^- Nathan Cliftbrd, Portland. Maine, do 67 10,01:0 

1862. r'Noah H. Swayne, Lolumbus, Ohio, do Gl 10,00 ^ 

1862. ^^ David Davis. Bloomington, Illinois, do 56 lO.OCO 
1862.,- Samuel F. Miller, Keokuk, Iowa, do 55 10,000 

1863. ^-Stephen J. Field, California, do 54 lOOCO 
1870. Joseph P. Bradley, New Jersey, do 58 lO.OoO 
1870. William Strong, Pennsylvania, do 62 T0,,(M)0 

The court holds one general term, annually, at Washing! oii, 1). 
C, commencing on the first Monday in December. 

D. Wesley Middleton, of Washington, Clerk. 
William T. Otto, of Washington, D. C., Reporter. 
John G. Nicolay, Marshal. 

Circuit Judges of the United States. 

First Circuit. — (Maine, New Hampshire, Mossachusetts and Pihodt^ 

Island) — Nathan Clifford, of Portland, Maine. 
Second Circuit. — (Vermont, Connecticr.t, Northern New York, Soutb- 

ern New York, and Eastern NeAv York) — Ward Hunt, of Utica, 

New York. 
Third Circuit. — (New Jersey, Eastern Pennsylvania, AVestern Penn- 
sylvania, and Delaware) — William Strong, of Pennsylvania. 
Fourth Circuit. — (Maryland, W^st Yivginia, Virginia, North Carolina 

and South Carolina) — Chief Ju.'-iico. 
Fifth Circuit. — (Georgia, Floridr., A]:ib:ni:u, Mississippi, Louisiana, 

and Texas) — Joseph P. Bradley, of Nevv Jersey. 
Sixth Circuit. — (Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky and Tennessee) — Noah 

H. Swayne, of Ohio. 
Seventh Circuit. — (Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin) — David Davis, of 

Illinois. 
Eighth Circuit. — (Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas and 

Nebraska) — Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk, Iowa. 
Ninth Circuit. — (California, Oregon and Nevada) — Stephen J. Field, 

of San Francisco. 

District Courts — Judges. (States.) 

Alabarae, N.D., WiUiam B. Vv'oods; M. D. and S. D., John Bruce. 
Arkansas, E. D., J. F. Dillon; W. D., J. C Parker. California, I <>- 
renzo Sawyer. Connecticut, A. S. Johnson. Daleware, W. McKcr. 
nan. District of Columbia, David K. Cartter. Florida, N. D.. 
William B. Woods; S. D., James W. Locke. Georgia, N.D., Wil- 
liam B. Woods; S. D., John Erskine. Ilhnois, N. D., Thomas Drum- 
mond; S. D., Samuel H. Treat, Jr. Indiana, Thomas Drummond. 
Iowa, John F. Dillon. Kansas, John F. Dillon. Kentucky, Halmer 
H. Emmons. Lousiana, William B. Woods. Maine, George F. 
Shepley. Maryland, Hugh L. Bond. Massachusetts, George. F. 



TMH GENERAL OOYERNMENT. U 

Shepley. Michigan, E. D., HalmerH. Emmons; W. D., Solomon L. 
Withey. Minnesota, John F. Dillon. MississipiDi,N. D., William B. 
Woods; S. D., Robert A. HiU. Missouri, E. D., John F. Dillon; W. 
D., Arnold Krekel. Nebraska, John F. Dillon. New Hampshire, 
Greorge F. Shepley. New Jersey, Wm. McKennan. Nevada, Lorenzo 
Sawyer. New York, N. D., A. S. Johnson; S.D., Samuel Blatchford; 
E. D., Charles L. Benedict. North Corolina, E. D., Hugh L. Bond; 
W. D., Robert P. Dick. Ohio, N. D., Halmer H. Emmons; S. D., 
Fliilip B. Swing. Oregon, Lorenzo Sawyer. Pennsylvania, E. D., 
William McKennan; W. D., Wilson McCandless. Rhode Island, 
(J-dorge E. Slie])ley. South Carolina, Hugh L. Bond. Tennessee, E. 
D., Halmer H. Emmons ; M. D. and W. D., Connally F. Trigg. Texas, 
E. D., William B. Woods; W. D., Thomas H. Duval. Vermont, L. 
D. Woodruff. Virginia, E. D., Hugh L. Bond; W. D., Alexander 
Rives. West Virginia, Hugh L. Bond. Wisconsin, E. D., Thomas 
Drummond; W. D., James C. Hopkins. 

District Courts — Judges. (Territories.) 

Arizona, C. E. Y. French. Colorado, Moses Hallett. Dakota, 
Peter C. Shannon. Idaho, M. C. Hollister. Montana, Decius S. 
Wade. New Mexico, T. B. Catrou. Utah, A. White. Washington, 
J. K. Lewis. Wyoming, J. W. Fisher. 

Court of Claims. 

C. D. Drake, Missouri, Chief Justice Salary, $4,500 

Edward G. Loring, Jud^e, Massachusetts, " 4,500 

Ebenezer Peck, Illinois .' « 4,500 

Charles C. Nott, New York " 4,500 

Wlliam A. Richai-dson " 4,500 

Archibald Hopkins, Clerk " 3,000 

John Randolph, Ass't Clerk « 2,000 

DEPAETMENT OF AGEICULTURE. 

Commissioner of Agriculture, Frederick Watts, of Pennsylvania. 
Chief Clerk, Frederick Watts, Jr., of Pennsylvania. 
Statistical Clerk, J. R. Dodge, of Ohio. 
Entomologist, Townsend Glover, of Maryland. 
Chemist, William McMurtrie, of New Jersey. 
Superintendent of Botanical Gardens, Wm. Saunders, of Pa. 
Superintendent of Seed Room, A. Glass, of Dist. of Columbia. 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OEFICE. 

Congressional Printer, Almon M. Clapp, of New York. 
Chief Clerk, Harry H. Clapp, of New York. 

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 

Commissioner of Education, General J. Eaton, Jr., of Tennessee. 
Chief Clerk, Charles Warren. 
Translator, Herman Jacobson. 



12 



XSIl GENERAL GOVERNMENT 



THE LBGISLATIYE FRAIS^CH OF THE GOYERNAtENT. 

The National Legislature consists of a Senate of two ni^mbers froiii 
each State, making the full Senate now consist of seventy-fo\ir uiembers, 
and a House of Eepresentatives, now having two hundred and f(n'ty-five 
liienioers. The Senators are chosen by the Legislatures of their several 
States, for a term of six years, either by concurrent vote or by joint ballot, 
as the State may prescribe. The members of the House of ll»'pjcsonta- 
tives are usually elected by a plurality vote in districts of each k^tate, 
whose bounds are prescribed by the Legislature, for the term of i wo years. 
In a few instances they have been elected at large : i. e., by the plurality 
vote of the entire State. 

The Constitution requires nine years' citizenship to qualify for admis- 
sion to the Senate, and seven years to the House of Representatives- 
An act approved July 26, 1866, requires the Legislature of each State 
which shall be chosen next preceding the expiration of any Senatorial 
temn, on the second Tuesday after its first meeting, to elect a successor, 
each House nommatmg viva voce, and then conveui?ig in Joint Assemblv 
to compare nominations. In case of agreement, such person shall })e 
declared duly elected; and if they do not agree, then baUotijig \r. coiiviMiie 
from day to day at 12 M. during the session until choice has beeai made, 
Yacancies are to be filled in like manner. The members oi oacji 
House receive a salary of $7,500 per annum, and their actual trav 
eling expenses ; the Speaker of the House of Representatives re 
eeives $10,000 ; Cabinet Officers receive $10,000 ; Assistant Secret i- 
lies of the State, Treasury, and Interior Departments. $6,000 eiub ; 
Coniruissioners of the Customs, Agriculture, and of the Land Office, 
$4,000 each. 

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS. 

The House of Representatives of the United States is composed of 
members elected by Districts. The number apportioned to the States has 
varied at each decennial census, as shown by the following Table : 

Census. When Apportioned. Whole No. Eep. Ratio, Cue t(/ 

By Constitution 65 

1790...... April 14, 1793 105 33,00a 

IWOO Jan. 14, 1802 141 23,000 

ISIO Dec.21, 1811 181 35,000 

1820 March 7, 1822 212 40,000 

1?30 May22, 1832 240 46,700 

lH4fl Jane25, 1842 223 70,680 

1 .'0 July 30, 1852 233 93,42: 

I860 April— f 1861 v 242 127,000 

lc70 ... . liSfZ :i3l i-v...'. 



VALUATION OF PEOF££IY IN IHEJUfllED HIATUS IN 1S70. 













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14 



THU GENERAL GOVEliNMENT 



Presidents tmder the Federal Constitution. 



Names. 



18 



Inausjurated. Born. 



Age at 
Inaugu- 
ration. 



G-eor<ze ■VVasliiiiiton, of Virginia . . 
J,)hii Adams, ot Massachusetts . . . 

Thomas .rpliVrson. of Virginia 

James Madison, of Virginia 

■Tames Monroe, of Virginia 

John Quincy Adams, of Mass 

Andrew Jaclcsou, of Tennessee. . 
Martin Van Buren, of New York 
William Henry Harrison, of Ohio 
John Tyler, of Virginia, Vice-Pres- 
ident, succeeded President Harri- 

Bon, who died April 4, 1841 

James K. Polk, of ^Tennessee . . 
Zachary Tavlor, of Louisiana . 
Millard Fillmore, of N. Y., Vice- 
Vresident, succeeded Pres. Taylor, 

who died July 9, 1850 

Franklin Pierce, of N. Hampshire 
James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania 

Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois 

Andrew Johnson, Vice-President. 
succeeded President Lincoln, who 
was a.s.sassinated April 14, 1865 . . 
Ulysses S. Grant, ol Hliuois 



April 
Mar. 
Mar. 
Mar. 
ilar. 
Mar. 
M;u-. 
Mar. 
Mar. 



Mar. 
Mar. 



Mar. 
Mar. 
Mar. 



30,1789 
4—1797 
4—1801 
4—1809 
4—1817 
4—18-25 
4-18-20 
4—1837 
4—1841 



4— r845 
4—1849 



4—18.^)3 
4—1857 
4—1801 



1732 
1735 
1743 
1751 
1759 
1767 
1767 
1782 
1773 



1790 
1795 
17o4 



1800 
1804 
1791 
1609 



1808 
182-2 



Y ears 

in 
offtce. 



Died. 



Dec. 14, 
July 4- 
July 4- 
June 28, 
Julv 4- 
Feljl. 23, 
June 8— 
Julv 24, 
April 14, 



1799 
•1826 
•1826 
1830 
1831 
1848 
■1845 
1862 
1841 



Jan. 17, 1862 
June 15, 1849 
July 9—1850 



Oct. 8—1869 
June 1—1869 
April 15, 1865 



Age 

at 

Death 



Vice-Presidents. 



Names. 



1. John Adams, of Massachusetts 

i. Thomas Jeflerson, of Virginia 

3. Aaron Burr, of New York 

4. George Clinton, of New York 

5. Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts . . . 

6. Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York . 

7. John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina . 

8. Martin Van Buren, of New York. . . 

9. Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky . . 

10. John Tyler, of Virginia 

11. George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania . 

12. MiUard Fillmore, of New York 

13. William R. King, of Alabama 

14. Jolm O. Breckenridge, of Kentucky 

15. Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine 

16. Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee 

17. Schuyler Colfax^ of Indiana 

18. Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts. . 



Inaugurated. 



1789 


1735 


1797 


1743 


1801 


1756 


1805 


1739 


1813 


1744 


1817 


1744 


1825 


1782 


1833 


1782 


1837 


1780 


1841 


1790 


1845 


1792 


1849 


1800 


1853 


1766 


1857 


1821 


1861 


1809 


1865 


1808 


1869 


1823 


1873 


, 1812 



Born. 



Died. 



1826 
1820 
18.36 
1812 
1814 
1625 
1850 
1862 
1850 
1862 
1865 

1853 



1875 



Chi(^ Justices of (lie Supreme Court of the United States. 



Name. 



John Jay 

John Kutledge . . . 
Oliver Ellsworth . 
John Marshall . . . 
"Roger B. Taney . . 
Salmon P. Chase . 



New York 

Soirth Carolina. 

Connecticut 

Virginia 

Maryland 

Ohio 



Term of 
Service. 



Mlorrlsou E. Waite I Ohio. 



1789—1795 
1795—1795 
1796—1801 
1801—1836 
1836—1864 
1864—1873 
1874—. . . . 



1745 
1739 
1752 
1755 
1777 
1808 
1825 



Died. 



1829 
1800 
1807 
1836 
1864 
1873 



Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States 




Name. 


State. 


Term of 
Service. 


Born. 


Died. 




South CarolLaa 

Massachusetts 

Pennsylvania 

Virginia 


1789—1791 
1789—1810 
1789—1798 
1789—1796 
1789—1789 
1790—1799 
1791—1793 
1793—1806 


1739 

1733 

1742 

1732 

1745 

1750 ■ 

1732 

1743 


1800 


William Gushing 

James Wilson 


1810 
1798 
1800 




Maryland 

North Carolina. . - . 
Maryland 


1790 




1799 




1819 




New Jersey 


1800 







THE GENERAL- OOVEIRNMENT 

Associate Justices oftJie Supreme Court of the U. S. (Continued.; 



Name. 



Samnel Chaao 

Bushrod Washington 

Alfred Moore 

Willia-fa Johnston 

Brockholst Livingston 

I'hfimas Todd '\\ 

Joseph Story 

''"i?^U^"'** ''■''■^'-'■- l Maryland 

.--.■iilth Thompson NeW York 

Kobert Trimble Kentuokv. 



Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina. . 
South Carolina. . 

New York 

Kentucky 

Massachusetts . . 



Ohio 
Pennsylvania '. . . 

Georgia 

Virgniia 

Tennessee 

A labania 

Virginia 

New York .... 
Now Hampshire 
Pennsylvania. . . 
Massachusetts.. 

Alabama ..., 

Maine 

Oluo 

Iowa 

Illinois 

California . 



.Tolm McLean 
Henry Baldwin . . . 
.faiiif's M. Wayne . 
I'hilip H. Barliour. 

.!nhn Catron 

John McKinley . 
Peter V. Daniel.... 

Samuel Nelson 

Levi Woodbury 

Kobcrt C. Grior 

Benjamin R. Curtis 
James A. Campbell 
Nathan Clifford .... 
.\oah II. Swayne... 
Samuel F. Miller... 

David Davis 

.Stephen J. KiiNld ^.^^ 

w'riv^^""T. ;.".".-■:::: Pennsylvania I ld70 

WmUP. Bra^lley | jjew Arsey [vBtU 

, - I NewrTorl*. ^JlSTl— .... { 



Ward iiuj, 



1796—1811 

1798—1829 

1799-1804 

1804—1834 

1806—1823 

1807—1826 

1811—1845 

1811—183,5 

1823— lH4r) 

182G— 1829 

1829—186) 

18.30-1846 

1835— IHH 

1836-1841 

1837—1865 

1837—1852 

1841—1860 

1845— . . . 

1845—1851 

1S4G— 1870 

1851—18.57 

1853 — ld5() 

1858—..-. 

1862—.... 

1862—. . . . 

1862- .... 

IBb'a— ... 



1741 
17.59 
1755 
1771 
17.57 
1765 
1779 
1751 
1767 
1776 
1785 
1779 
1786 
1779 
1786 

1785 
1792 
1790 
1794 
1809 
1802 
1803 
1805 
IS16 
1815 
1817 



Died. 

1811 

1829 

1810 

18:{4 

182:J 

1826 

1845 

1844 

1845 

1820 

1861 

1846 

1867 

1841 

1865 

1852 

1860 

Res'd. 

1851 

1870 



APPORTIONMENT OF. REPHESENTAriTES. 

By Act Dec. 14, 1871, undei- census of 1870. 



Alabama 8 ' "Kan.^a.s 



Arkansas 4 

California 4 

Corineoticnt 4 

Delaware 1 

Florida a 

Georiria 9 

nii'iois 19 

Indiana 13 

Iowa 9 



I -v, 



Kentucky 10 

Louisiana 6 

Maine .5 

Marviaiid 6 

Massa cliusetts 11 

Michit',:>n 9 

Miiiinsota 3 

.Missis;»ij)pi 6 

Missomi.' 13 



Nebraska ] 

Nevada 1 

New Hampshire . . 3 

New Jersey 7 

New York' 33 

North Carolina 8 

Ohio • 20 

Oregon 1 

Pennsylvania 27 



Khode Island 2 

South Carolina. ... 5 

Tenne.ssee 10 

Texas . 6 

Viiginia 9 

Vermont 3 

"West Virginia 3 

Wisconsin 8 



Total 



.292 



The ratio of apportionment is about 142,000 inhabitants for a 
Member of Congress, though allowance is "-^de for fractions in excess 
of one-half. 




16 



THE PVBLIO DEBT. 



PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES. 



OCTOBER 1, 1876. 

Debt bearing Interest in Ooin. 

Bondsat G per cent l|984,999,650 00 

Bonds at 5 per cent 712,320,450 00 

Principal $1,697,320,100 00 

I°*«^««* 26,812,436 41 

Debt bearing Interest in Lawful Money. 
Navy Pension Fund at 3 per cent 14 000 000 00 

i^^^J'est 'los'ooo 00 

Debt on ivhich Interest has ceased since Maturity. 

P^^^^M $2,738,530 26 

I"*e^«8* 187,086 12 

Debt bearing no Interest. 

Old Demand and Legal-Tender Notes $368, 561 472 50 

Cert ificates of Deposit 34 520 qoq 00 

Fractional Currency 29,858,415 62 

Coin Certilicates 27 777 9c0 (,tO 

^""^iP'il $462,717,788 Vz 

Unclaimed Interest . ..... 21704 84 

Total Debt. 

Principal $2,176,776,418 38 

I^t^^^est 27,126,227 37 

'To*^^ $2,203,902,645 75 

Cash in Treasury. 

Coin 64,591,124 43 

Currency , 12,524,945 53 

Special Deposit held for Eedemption of Certificates of Deposit, 

provided by Law 34,520,000 00 

Total.... 111,636,069 96 

Debt less Cash in the Treasury, December 1, 1875 $2,117,917,132 57 

Debt less Cash in Treasury, Oct. 1, 1876 2,092,266,575 79 

Decrease of Debt during the month 2,915,365 35 

Decrease of Debt from March 1, 1869 to March 1, 1876 424,547,672 75 

Bonds issued to Pacific Raihoay Companies, Irderest pay- 
able in Lawful Money. 

Principal outstanding $64,6 J3,512 00 

Interest accrued and not yet paid 969,352 68 

Interest paid by the United States 32,080,218 42 

Interest repaid by Transportation of Mails, etc 6,950, .393 84 

Balance of Interest paid by the United States 25,129,824 58 



THE PUBLIC DEBT. 



17 



Eeduction of the National Debt of the United States from March 1, 1869 to March 1, 1876. 



1869. 
Mar. 1 
June 1 
Sept. 1 
Dec. 1 

1870. 
Mar. 1. 
Junel. 
Sept. 1 
Dec. 1 

1871. 
Mar. 1 
June 1 
Sept. 1 
Dtc. 1 

1872. 
Mar 1 
.1 line 1 
Sept 1 
Dec. 1 

1873. 
Mar. 1 
June 1 
Sept. 1 
Dec. 1 

1874. 
Mar. 1 
June 1 
Sept. 1 
Dec. 1 

1875. 
Mar. 1 
June 1 

1376. 
Mar. 1 



Debt of the Decrease of 
United States <lebt during 
less cash in th6|ti]e preceding 
Treasury. quarter. 



2,52.'),463,260 01 
2,50."),412,613 12 
2,475,9ti2,.i01 50 
2,453,559,735 23 

2,438,328,477 17 
2,406,562,371 78 
2,355,921,150 41 
2,334,308,494 65 

2,320,708,846 92 
2,299,134,184 81 
2,274,122,560 38 
2,248.251,367 85 

2,225,813,497 98 
2,193,517,378 94 
2,177,322,020 55 
2,160,568,030 32 

3,157.380,700 53 
2,149,963,873 46 
2,140,695,365 33 
2,150,862,053 46 

2,1.54,880,066 96 
2,145,268,438 10 
2,140,178,614 24 
2,138,938,334 14 

2,137,315,989 17 
2,130,119,975 88 



20.050.646 89 
29,450,111 62 
22,402,766 27 

15,231,257 97 
31,762,105 39 
50,641,221 37 
21,612,655 76 

13.599.647 73 
21,.574,662 19 
25,011,624 4:! 
25,871,192 53 

22,437,869 87 
32,296,119 04 
16,195,358 39 
16,753,980 23 

3,187,329 79 

7,416,827 07 

9,268,508 13 

1,901,467 16 

2,590,047 45 
9,611,628 68 
2,909.626 92 
1,240,280 10 



Totaldecrease 
since Mar. 1, 
1869, to date. 



20,050,646 89 
49,500,758 51 
71,903,524 78 



Monthly in- 
terest charge. 



Decrease in 
monthly 
interest 
charge. 



10,532,462 50 
10,507,090 25 
10,333,518 75 
10,130,625 75 



87,134,782 84 10,007,312 75 

118,900,888 23 9,926,762 75 

169,542,109 60| 9,814,590 00 

191,154,765 361 9,686,164 42 



204,754,413 09 
226,329,075 20 
251,340,699 63 
277,211,892 16 

299,640,762 63 
331,945,881 07 
348,141,239 46 
364,895,229 69 

368,082,559 48 
375,499,3^6 55 
384,767,894 68 
386,669,361 84 

389,259,409 29 
398,871,038 15 
401,7h0,665 07 
403,020,945 17 



1,622,344 97 404,643,290 14 
6,196,013 29| 410,8;i9,303 431 



9,.571,007 41 
9,408,362 33 
9,286,615 46 
9,137,342 83 

9,015,469 58 
8,698,919 25 
8,599,848 75 
8,500,373 50 

8,464,127 25 
8,428,317 00 



2,114,960,306 80 . 1424,547,672 75|. 



25,372 25 
198,943 75 
401,836 75 

525,149 75 
605,699 75 
717,872 5(1 
846,298 08 

961,455 09 
1,124,100 17 
1,245,847 04 
1,395,119 67 

1,516,992 92 
1,833,543 25 
l,932,t.l3 75 
2,032,089 00 

2,068,335 25 
2,104,145 50 



Decrease 

in annual 

interest 

charge. 



304,467 00 
2,387,325 00 
4,^22,041 00 

6,301,797 00 
7,~6f^,397 00 
8,614,4.0 00 
10,155,576 96 

11,537,461 08 
13,489 202 04 
14,950,164 40 
16,741,436 04 

18,203,915 04 
22,002,519 00 
23,191,365 00 
24,385,068 00 

24,820,023 00 
25,249,746 00 



DEBT OF EACH ADMINISTRATION. 



Washington's First Term 1793 $80,352,636 

do Second Term 1797 82,064,479 

John Adam's 1801 82,038,0;)0 

Jefferson's First Term 1805 82,312,150 

do Second Term 1809 57,023,192 

Madison's First Term 1813 59,962,827 

do Second Term 1817 123,491,965 

Monroe's First Term 1821 89,987,427 

do Second Term 1825 83,788,432 

John Quincy Adams.... 1829 59,421,413 

Jackson's First Term 1833 7,001,022 

Interest 1836 291,089 

Jackson's Second Term 1837 1,895,312 

VanBxiren 1841 6,488,784 

Tyler 1845 17,093,794 

Polk 1849 64,704,693 

Fillmore 1853 67,340,620 

Pierce 1857 29,060,387 

Buchanan 1861 90,867,828 

Lincoln 1865 2,682,-593,026 

Johnson January 1 1866 2,810,310,357 

Johnson March 4 1869 2,491,399,904 

Grant March 1 1871 2,320,708,846 

do March 1 1872 2,225,813,497 

do March 4 1873 2,157,380,700 

do March 1 1876 2,114,960,306 



18 WNITED STATES LOANS 



UNITED STATES LOANS. 



Bubjoined will be found a list of the recent United States loans, with 
the amount of the same, date of creation, etc. For the present condition 
of such of these loans, as possess vital contemporaneous interest, the 
reader is referred to the statement of the Public Debt in this volume : 

Fives 0/1874:. — Dated January 1, 1859; payable after January 1, 
1874. Interest, 5 per cent., in coin ; payable 1st of January and Julw 
Registered bonds, S5,000 ; coupon^ bonds, $1,000. Amount authorized 
and issued, $20,000,000. [Act June 14, 1858.J 

Fives of 1871. — Dated January 1, 1861; payable after January 1. 
1871, and before January 1, 1881. Interest, 5 per cent., in coin ; payable 
1st of January and July. Registered bonds, $1,000 and $5,000 ; coupon 
bonds, $1,000. Amount authorized, $21,0000,000 ; issued $7,022,000 
[Act June 22, I860.] 

Oregon War Loan. — Dated July 1, 1861 ; payable July 1, 1881. 
Interest 6 per cent., in coin ; payable 1st of January and July. Tht- 
bonds are made payable to order, with coupons attached, payable \o 
bearer. Denominations $50, $100 and $500. Amount authorized, $2,800,- 
000 ; issued $1,090,850. [Act March 2, 1861.] 

Sixes of 1881. — ^^First issue.) Dated 1861 ; payable after December 
31, 1880. Interest 6 per cent., in coin ; payable 1st of January and July. 
Registered bonds, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 ; coupon bonds $1,000. 
Amount authorized $25,000,000 ; issued $18,415,000. [Act February 
8, 1861.] 

Sixes of 1881. — (Second issue.) Dated November 16, 1861 ; pay- 
able after June 30, 1881. Interest 6 per cent, in coin; payable 1st of 
January and July. Registered bonds, $50, $100, $500, $1,000, $5,000 
and $10,000 ; coupon bonds $50, $100, $500 and $1,000. Amount author- 
ized, $189,999,750 • issued 189,317.400. 'Acts July 17 and August 5, 
1861.J 

The act of July 17 authorized the issue of $50,000,000 in ISSls and 
3139,999,750 and 7 3-lOs. The act of August 5, 1861, authorized the 
conversion of 7 3-lOs into 1881s. 

Sixes of 1881. — (Third issue.) Dated June 15, 1864 ; payable after 
June 30, 1881. Interest 6 per cent. ; payable 1st of January and July ; 
prmcipal and interest payable in coin. Registered bonds, $50, $100, $500, 
$1,000, $5,000, and $10,900 ; coupon Itoiids, .$50, $100, $500 and $1,000 
Amount authorized and issued, $75,000,000. [Act March 3, 1803.J 



UNITED STATES LOANS ^q 

UNITED STATES LOAN&— (Continued.) 

This is the first loan act which specifically provides for paynieni 
in com of principal (as well as interest) of the bonds issued under it- 
authority. 

Five-Twenties 0/ 1862.— Dated May 1, 1862 ; redeemable after Mav 
1, 1867, and payable May 1, 1882. Interest 6 per cent, in com ; payable 
1st of May and November. Registered bonds, $50, $100, $500, $1,000, 
$5,000 and $10,000 ; coupon bonds, $50, $100, $500 and $1,000. Amount 
authorized, act February 25, 1862, $500,000,000 ; amount authorized, 
supplementary act March 3, 1864, $11,000,000 ; amount authorized sup- 
plementary act Januafy 28, 1865, $4,000,000 ; amount issued, $514,77],- 
000. [Act February 25, 1862, and supplementary acts.] 

Five-Twentiesy 186i.—})iited'i^6vemhev 1, 1864; redeemable after 
November 1, 1869, and payable November 1, 1884. Interest, 6 per cent., 
m coin ; payable 1st of May and November. Registered bonds, $50, 
SlOO, $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 ; coupon bonds $50, $100, $500 
and $1,000. Issued under act March 3, 1864, $3,882,500 ; issued under 
act June 30, 1864, $125,561,300. Total issue, 129,443,800. [Act 
March 3, 1864, and June 30, 1S64.J 

Those bonds issued under the act uf 3Iarc;h 3, 1864, are, by the pro- 
visions of that act, payable in coin, and are issued in registered 
'jonds only ; but the amount being comparatively small, no distinction is 
m^de between them and the other issue. 

Five-Twenties 0/ 1865.— Dated November 1, 1865 ; redeemable after 
November 1, 1870, and payable November 1, 1885 ; mterest, 6 per cent., 
in coin ; payable on the 1st of May and November. Registered bondsj 
'50, $100, $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 ; coupon bonds, $50, $100,' 
^500 and $1,000. Amount issued, $203,327,250. [Act March 3, 1865.J 
Five-Twenties 0/ 1865.— (January and July issue.) Dated July 1, 
1865 ; redeemable after July 1, 1870, and payable July 1, 1885. Inter- 
est 6 per cent, in coin ; payable 1st of January and July. Registered 
bonds, $50, $100, $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 ; coupon bonds, 50, 
$100, $500 and $1,000. Amount issued, $332,998,950. [Act March 3 
1865.] » 

Five-Twenties of 1867.— Dated July 1, 1867 ; redeemable after July 
1, 1872, and payable July 1, 1887. Interest 6 per cent., in com ■ pay, « 
able 1st of January and July. Registered bonds, $50, $100, 500, $1,000. 
$5,000 and $10,000; coupon bonds $50, $100, $500 and '$1,000. 
Amount issued, $379,506,400. [Act March 3, 1865.J 

Five-Twenties 0/ 1868.— Dated July 1, 1868 ; redeemable after July 
1, 1873, and payable July 1, 1888. Interest 6 per cent, in coin. ; pay- 
able 1st of January and July. Registered bonds $50, $100, $500, $1,000, 
$5,000 and $10,000; coupon bonds, $50. $100, $500 and'$l'oOO.'' 
Amount issued $42,539,350. [Act March 3, 1865.1 ' 



_„ UNITED STATES LOANS 

■UNITED STATES LOANS — (Continued.) 

Ten-Forties. — Dated March 1, 1864 ; redeemable after March 1, 
1874, and payable March 1, 1904. Interest 5 per cent. ; payable 1st of 
March and September, excepting coiipon bonds of $50 and $1()0, the in- 
terest on which is payable annually on 1st of March. Principal and in- 
terest payable in coin. Registered bonds, $50, $100, $500, $1,000, 
$5,000 and $10,000 j coupon bonds, $5a, $100, $500 and $1 ,000. Amount 
authorized, $200,000,000. Issued, $194,567,300. [Act March 3, 1864.J 

This act, like that of March 3, 1863, provides for payment in coin 
of principal (as well as mterest) of bonds issued under its authority. 

United States Currency Sixes.— {Va^cA^G R. R. bonds.) Dated Jan. 
16, 1865, and variously thereafter,' and payable 30 years from date. In- 
terest 6 per cent., in lawful money ; payable 1st of January and 1st of 
July. Registered bonds, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 ; no coupon bonds 
issued. Amount issued to September 1, 1870, $64,618,832. [Acts July 
1, 1862, and July 2, 1864.J 

Fives of 1870. — Redeemable at the pleasure of the United States, 
after May 1, 1881, in gold. Interest, five per cent, in gold, payable 
quarterly— February, May, August and November 1st. Exempt from 
all taxation. Issued under Acts of July 14, 1870, and Jan. 20, 1871. 
AmoTuit, $400,000,000. On the 1st of December, 1874, $361,697,900 
were disposed of, and there was, in January, 1875, a demand for $20,- 
000,000 more. The proceeds of these bonds are used in redeeming 
the Five-Twenty bonds, and the interest on the National Debt has 
already been materially reduced by this means. 

Gold Certificates. — Payable to bearer on demand, and bearing no 
interest. Denominations, $20, $50, $100, $500, 1,000 and $5,000. [Act 
March 3, 1863.] 

The amount of these certificates outstanding is increased and dimin- 
ished to meet the public demand, but cannot be more than 20 per cent, 
in excess of the amount of f!bin and bullion in the Treasury. Amount, 
March 1, 1869, $20,775,560. 




JMMIOKATION. 

IMMIGRATION. 



21 



IMMIGRATION FEOM 1820 to 1875. 

Br an Act of Congress approved March 2, 1819, Collectors of 
Customs were required to keep a record, and make a quarterly return 
to the Treasury of all passengers arriving in their respective districts 
from Foreign Ports, and these reports, duly condensed in the Depart- 
ment, are the chief bases of our knowledge of the subsrequent growth 
and progress of Immigration. Total number of foreign-born passen- 
gers arriving at the ports of the United States in the several years 
from 1820 to 1875, inclusive, are as follows : 



1820 8,385 

1821 9,127 

1822 6,911 

1823 6,354 

1824 7,912 

182.1 10,199 

18J6 10,837 

1827 18,875 

1828 27,382 

1829 22,520 

1830 23,322 

1831 22,633 

1832 60,482 

1833 58,640 



1834 65,365 

1835 45,374 

1836 76,242 

1837 79,340 

1838 39,914 

1839 68,069 

1840 84,066 

1841 80,289 

1842 104,565 

1843 52,496 

1844 78,615 

1845 114,371 

1846 154,416 

1S47 234,968 



1848 226,527 

1849 297,024 

1850 369,980 

1851 379,466 

1852 371,603 

1853 368,645 

1854 427,833 

1855 200,877 

1856 200,436 

1857 251,306 

1858 123,126 

1859 121,282 

1860 153,640 

1861 91,920 



1862 89,005 

1863 174,523 

1864 19;i,19J 

1865 248,394 

1866 314,840 

1867 293,(:0I 

1868 289,145 

i869....- 385,287 

1870 356.303 

1871 346,938 

1872 404,806 

1873 437,004 

1874 27;, 493 

Jan. 1 to June 
30,1875 115,524 



Of the Immigrants who landed on our shores in the ffty-five year.^ 
ending with 1875 (1820 to 1876) there came from different countries 
as follows : 



Great 15ritain 


Kussia and 




Denmark 


39,141 


British North 


and Ireland 4,462,405 


Poland 


35,784 


Portugal 


5,684 


America...- 429,545 


France 28:i,099 


Switzerland 


74,993 


Turkey 


466 


Central Amer. 1,329 


West Indies. . 57,077 


China.. 


169,416 


Greece 


296 


Australia, &c. 16,270 


Sweden and 


Germany 2 


,846,116 


Anstro -Hun- 




Countries not 


Norway ... 284,094 


Holland 


41,056 


gary 


40,343 


specified — 310,378 


S.America.-- 8,316 


Mexico 


22,472 


Japan 


343 




Africa 773 


Italy 


52,387 


Asia, not spe- 




Total 55 years.g, 198,522 


Spain 25,757 


Belgium 


20,742 


cified 


447 





Of those arriving here from January Ist, 1820, to June 30th, 1875, 
those wholly or mainly speaking Enghsh were from 



Great Britain and Ireland 4,462,405 

British North America 429,545 

English West India Islands 676 

Australia and adjacent Islands. .'. 16,270 



Azores and African Islands 6,77'; 

Attica 77: 



Total of English speech 4,917,440 



Of races mainly Teutonic or Scandinavian there were from 



Germany 2,846,116 

Anstro-H«ngary 40,343 

Holland 41,056 

Belgium 20,342 



Switzerland 74,993 

Denmark 39,141 

Sweden and Norway. 248,094 

Iceland 11 



Of Sclavic races 35,784 



Total 3,341,280 



Of French, Spanish, Portugese and Italian races there were from 



France 289,099 

Spain 25,757 

Portugal 5,684 

Italy 52,387 

Mexioo 22,472 



Central A merica. . . . 
So. American States. 

AV^st Indies 

Cape Verd, Madeira 
and Canaries 



429 

8,316 

57,077 

1,287 



Miquelon. 
Corsica... 



Total 463,S22 



22 IMMIGRATION. 

Of Asiatic and Polynesian races there were from 



China 169,416 

Japan 343 

The rest of Asia and Asiatic Islands S71 

Polynesia 477 

Total A sialic, Etc 170,807 



Aftican Nations 773 

T urkey 466 

Greece 296 

Countries not specified 310,37-i 

Total 311,413 



Of the 3,541,846 passengers lauded at Castle Garden from August 
1st, 1855, to January 1st, 1876, their avowed destinations were as 
follows : 



Hew York and 




Florida. 


undecided.. 1,456,945 


Alabama 


Maine 


5,H99 


Mississippi. . 


New Hampa.. 


3,985 


Louisiana.-.. 


■Vermont 


6,090 


Texas 


Massachusetts 


166,283 


Arkansas 


Rhode Island. 


;.3,3.'.2 


Tennessee... 


Connecticut.. 


65.477 


Kentucky. . . 


New Jersey.. 


111,;H1 


Ohio 


Pennsylvania 


371,460 


Michigan — 


Delaware 


3,3 a 


Indiana 


Maryland 


26,419 


Illinois 


Dis. Columbia 


11,090 


Wisconsin . . 


"Virginia ■ 

W. Virginia. . 


10 215 




1,427 


Mis.souri 


N. Carolina- - 


9117 


!^[iunesota . . 


S.Carolina... 


3,455 


Kansas 


Georgia 


2,9.i0 


Nebraska. . . 



654 

1,380 

1,366 

6,1.56 

2,233 

581 

6,214 

15,99, 

186,914 

89,397 

45,541 

337,548 

170,383 

77,318 

65,596 

59, -.279 

16,125 

14.5.38 



Dakota 3,359 

Colorado 1,659 

Wyoming 211 

Utah 31,930 



Montana . 

Idaho 

Nevada 

Arizona 

New Mexico. 

California 

Oregon and 
WashTer. 



'..61 

147 

1,234 

3 

2,163 

43,509 

669 



Other Countries. 

Brit. Colum . 64 

Canada 68,095 

K.Brunswk 12.170 



Nova Scotia — 
New Fo'dland . 
New Dominion. 
South America. 

Cuba 

Lima 

Mexico 

Bermudas and 
other W. In.. 

Central Am 

N.W. Coast.... 

Australia 

Sandwich Is. .. 

Japan 

China 

Vancouver's I. . 
Unknown 



124 
2 

816 
756 
402 
24 
319 

214 

116 

473 

40 

3 

8 

19 

1 

22,036 



The total an-ivals of immigrants into the United States in the year ending June 30, 1875, 
was 227,498; of whom 85,861 were from the Uuited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; 
47 769 from Girmany; 48,005 from other European Countries; 24,055 from British America; 
16,440 from China and Japan ; I,i76 from the Azores • 1,790 from the West Indies ; 1,109 from 
the East Indies, and the remainder from other countries. 



Passengers landed at Castle Garden from January 1, 1875, to April 1, 1876. 



ARRIVED FROM 



Austria 

Armenia 

Australia 

Asia 

Africa 

British America. 

Belgium 

Bohemia 

Canada 

China 

Central America 

Denmark 

East India 

England 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 

Holland 

Isle of Man 

Ireland 

Japan 

Italy 



1,319 
3 

20 

3 

8 

4 

344 

3,447 

253 

83 

80 

2,263 

60 

18,824 

3,530 

39,220 

18 

1,095 

1,206 

63 

26,125 

1.673 

2,773 



ARRIVED FROM 



Iceland 

Luxemburg 

Malta 

Mexico 

Norway 

New Brunswick. 
Nova Scotia .... , 
New Providence . 

Portugal , 

Roumania , 

Russia. 

Switzerland 

Scotland 

Sweden 

Sjiain 

South America.. . 

Turkey 

United States.... 

Wales 

West Indies 



Total. 



532 

242 

4 

38 

2,937 

38 

42 



36 

2 

3,695 

1,971 

5,187 

4, .542 

338 

189 

34 

24,(:69 

1,339 

320 

148,571 



THE MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING. 



lliit. is in the form of a parallelogram, extending east and west 1,880 
feet m length, and north and south 464 feet in width. The frame- 
work is of iron. The foundations consist of 672 stone piers. The 
larger portion of the structure is one story in height, and shows the 
main cornice upon the outside at 45 feet above the ground, the inte- 
rior height being 70 feet. Upon the corners of the building there 
are (our towers 75 feet in height, and between the towers and the 
central projections or entrances there is a lower roof introduced, 
showir.sg a cornice 24 feet above the ground. All the corners and 
angles of the building upon the exterior are accentuated by galvan- 
ized iron octagonal , turrets, which extend the full height of the 
buildiitg from the ground level to above the roof. Small balconies, 
or galleries of observation, have been provided in the four central 
towers of the building, at the heights of the different stories. These 
will foi'm attractive places from which excellent views of the whole 
interio:r may be obtained. The main promenades through the nave 
and central transept, are each 30 feet in Width, and those through the 
centre of the side avenues and transepts 15 feet each. The East 
Entrance will form the principal approach for carriages, visitors 
being allowed to alight at the doors of the building under cover of 
the arcade. The South Entrance will be the principal approach from 
street ears, the ticket offices being located upon the line of Elm 
avenue, with covered ways provided for entrance into the building 
itself. This edifice cost $1,420,000, exclusive of drainage, water-pipe, 
plumbing, painting and decoration. 



« ■« ff. — — « « «. — -<i * *- 




THE LABOR QUESTION 



TEADES-UNIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN. 

The following list comprises the names of the associations repre- 
sented in the National Trades-Union Congress held at Liverpool 
in the latter part of January, (January 18 to 23, inclusive,) 1875, 
with the number of members in each : 



Alliance Cabinet-Makers' Ass. . . 

Altrincham Trades Council 

Amalgamated Beamers, Twisters, 
Drawers' iSociety, Blackburn . . 

Amalgamated Tailors 

Amal. Boot and Shoe Makers 

Amal. Wood-Turners, Sawyers, 

and Shuttle-Makers 

Amal. Society of Engineers 

Amal. Council of Woolen Opera- 
tives, Yorkshire 

Amal. Ass. of Cotton-Spinuers . . 
Amal. Association of Miners .... 
Amai. SocietyofEailw'y Servants 
Amal. Iron and Steel Workers . . . 
Amal. Operative Bakers, Liver- 
pool District 

Amal. Society of Carpenters and 

Joiners 

Amal. Trades Coimcil of Bury. . 

Birmingham Trades Council 

Blackburn Card-Room Operatives 

Association 

Bolton Trades Council 

Boiler Makers and Iron Ship- 
builders 

Brick and Tile Makers, North 

Stafford 

British Plate-Spoon and Fork- 
Filers' Society 

Bury Trades Council 

Chester Trades Council 

Crewe Trades Council 

Dressers, Dyers and Finishers . . . 
Dundee United Trades Council . . 

Durham Colliery Mechanics 

Durham County Colliery Engi- 
neers' Association 

East Lancashire Power - Loom 

Weavers Amalgamated Ass 

East London Operative Society of 

French Polishers 

Edge - Tool and Wool - Shear 

Grinders' Society 

Edinburgh United Trades Council 
Executive Council Millers' Ass . . 
Federal Union of Agricultural 
Laborers 



900 

14,000 

5,511 



430 
14,200 
45,000 
20,000 
20,000 

400 

13,090 
1.250 
9,000 



1,900 Filesmiths' Union of Sheffield. . . 
450 Fire-Iron Workers, Birmingham 

and District 

Friendly Society of Operative 
Cabiuet-Makers, &c.. of Great 

Britain 

General Alliance of Operative 

1,100 House Painters 

44,000 Genf ral Union of Carpenters 

and Joiners 

General Union of Basket, Skip, 

and Hamper Makers 

General Union of Tin - Plate 

Workers 

Glass-Bottle Makers, Yorkshire. 
Glasgow United Trades Council . 
Gravesend and Vicinity Trades 

Council 

Hollow- ware Pressers, Potteries. 
Iron-Founders' Society of Eng- 

^ land, Ireland, and Wales 

Kent Agricultural and General 

1,200 Laborers' Union 

2,000 Leeds and Dist. Trades Council 
Leicester Section of National 
15,000 Amalgamated Uoion of Opera- 
tive Riveters and Finishers . . . 

150 Leicester Trades Council 

Lincoln Trades Council 

10« Liverijool Brick-Makers' Society 
1,250 Liv'rp'l Operative Ship-Painters 

500 Benefit Association 

1,000 Liverpool No. 2 Branch Operative 

1,764 House-Painters 

8,000 Liverpool and Vicinity United 

2,300 Trades Councils 

Liverpool Sail-Makers' Ass 

1,573 Liverpool Amalgamated Boot- 
Makers' Center Men's Men 

16,000 Liverp'l United Shipping Trades 

Council 

200 Liverp'l Coopers' Friendly Trade 

and Burial Society 

250 Liverpool Shop Assistants' Union 

10,000 Liverpool Rope Makers 

400 Liverp'l Mast and Block Makers 

Liverpool Tin - Plate Workers' 

30,000 Society 



3,000 
250 

1,950 

5,000 

9,701 

700 

1,250 

1,000 

140,000 

200 

700 

12,075 

9,500 
4,000 

1,200 

3,170 

500 

400 

800 

300 

5,760 
408 

180 

2,610 

400 
620 
120 
152 

210 



24 



THE LABOR QUESTION. 



Operative Stone-Mason's Society 

Provincial Typographical Ass. . . 

Kazor-Blade Grinders, Sheffield. 

Eotary Power Framew'k Knitters 

Scissors-Grinders, Sheffield 

Seamens' Protect. Society Liv'p'l 

Sheffield File Grinders 

Sheffield Trades Council 

Sheffield United Steel - Melters' 
Association 

South Yorkshire Colliery Opera- 
tives' Association 

Stalybridge Trades Council 

Steam-Engine Makers' Society. . 

Stockport Power-Loom Weavers 

United Kingdom Society of Coach 
Makers 

United Kingdom General Post 
Office and Telegraph - Service 
Benefit Society 

United Journeymen Brass-Foun- 
ders' Association of Great 
Britain and Ireland 

United Operative Masons' Asso- 
ciation of Scotland 

Walsall and Dist. Trades Council 

Warrington Filesmiths' Union . . 

West End Lond'n Cabinet Mak'rs 

West Surrey District of the Fed- 
eral Union of Agi'icultural 
Laborers 

Wolverhampton Trades Council. 



24,000 

3,800 
200 
650 
200 

2,800 
300 

4,000 

600 

3,200 
1,200 
3,850 
2,500 

7,040 



1,750 

10,652 
600 
390 
400 



1,300 



London Amalgamated Society of 

Tin-PIate Workers 500 

London Consolid'd Bookbinders 830 

London Trades Council 13,734 

Manchester and Salford Trades 

Council 10,000 

Mersey Ship-Joiners' Association 500 
Mersey Shipwrights' Association 1,020 
Miners' National Association. . . . 140,0011 
National Agr'l Laborers'Union 60,000 
National Amalgamated Union of 

Operative Boot and Shoe 

Riveters and Finishers 4,000 

National Association of Nut and 

Bolt Makers 2,000 

National Association of Opera- 
tive Plasterers 3,300 

National Flint-Glass Makers of 

Great Britain and Ireland 2,000 

Nat. Union of Working Women. 300 

National United Association of 

Rope and Twine Spinners of 

Great Britain and Ireland .... 1,600 
Nottingham and Neighborhood 

Ass. of Organized Trades 3,000 

Nottingham Amal. Society of 

Lace Makers 2,500 

North Stafford Engineers' Ass. . . 500 

Oldham Amal. Tradfis Coimcil. . 3,500 
Oldham Operative Cotton-Spin'rs 

Provincial Association 2,902 

Operative Bricklayers' Society. . . 3, 750 
Operative Bricklayers, Sheffield 

Manchester Order 6, 200| 

It will be seen that this gives a total of 919,842 members, from 
which some deduction^ must be made for duplicate representation,* 
while, on the other hand, additions to it must be made on account 
of societies not represented at all. After making these allowances 
on each side, it will be quite safe to say that the aggregate member- 
ship of the trades-unions of the United Kingdomf does not fall 
short of 800,000. 

AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OF ENGINEEES. 

The growth of trades-unionism will, however, be best illustrated 
and its present position most clearly indicated by presenting statis- 
tics of a few of the larger associations. One of the most important 
and compactly organized of these bodies, though not now the largest 
in point of numbers, is the " Amalgamated Society of Engineers, 
Machinists, Millwrights, Smiths, and Pattern-Makers," more com 
monly known, however, as the "Amalgamated Engineers." This 
great association, numbering at the close of 1874 about 45,000 mem- 
bers, grew out of a " friendly union of mechanics," which was formed 
in Manchester about the year 1826, or within a short time after the 
repeal of the coalition act. In its present form, however, it has ex- 
isted only twenty-four years, or since 1851. Its growth during that 
period is exhibited by the following table, showing the number of its 
members, the amount of its accumulated fund, and the average 
amount per member, at the close of each year, from 1851 to 1873, 
inclusive : 



THE LABOR QUESTION. 



96 



Table I. 



Year 


Number of 
Members. 


Balance on hand at 
close of year. 


Amount to 
each Member. 


1851 


11,829 
11,617 
9,737 
10,757 
11,617 
12,553 
13,405 
14,299 
15,194 
17,790 
20,935 
22,862 
24,234 
26,058 
28,815 
30,984 
33,007 
33,325 
33,474 
33,539 
84,711 
37,790 
41,075 
42,382 
44,000 


£. s. d. 

21,705 4 llj 

1,721 2 11 

5,382 1 3i 

17,812 16 7" 

20,202 11 9 

35,695 1 11 

43,207 18 3 J 

47,947 4 10^ 

30,353 12 1* 

36,831 19 8" 

60,198 1 6 

73,398 1 0^ 

67,615 16 6 

67,410 3 8 

86,947 15 

115,357 13 lOi 

138,113 8 3 " 

125,263 2 7 

98,699 2 U 

76,176 7 10" 

82,467 6 llf 

116,326 6 7^ 

158,313 15 101^ 

200,923 1 6| 


£ s. d. 
1 16 8 


1852, * (June) 


1 


L852, (December) 


11 9* 


1853 


1 13 1^ 
1 14 9h 


1854 


1 855 


2 16 lOi 


1H')Q 


3 4 5^ 
3 7 Of 


1857 


1858 


1 19 10| 


18.9 


2 1 4| 


1860 


2 17 6 


1861 


3 4 2 


1862 


2 15 9J 


1863 


2 11 8| 


1864 


3 4J 


1865 


3 14 5i 


1866 t 


4 3 8| 


1867 


3 15 2 




2 18 Hi 


1869 


2 5 1\ 


1870 


2 7 6\ 


1871 


3 1 &i 


1872 


3 17 1 


1873 .' 


4 14 93 


1874 





* 1852 -was the year of the great lock-out. 

t The effect of the panic of 181)6 and the industrial prostration of the succeeding years is 
visible in a falling off in the society's funds. 



NOKTH STAFFOEDSHIEE. 

Wages paid at Iron- Works, North Staffordshire, 1872. 



Description of work. 



Paddling : 

Nobbling 

Doubling. 

Castings 

Rivet-iron, (best) 

Heating: 

Piles : 

Blooms - 

Shingling, steam-hammers : 

Nobbling - 

Doubling 

Squeezing 

Forge-rolling 

Brick-laying, repairing furnaces : 

Forges 

Mills 

Cutting down for bar-mills 

Cutting down for plate-mills 

* With 30 per cent, on 
f With 50 per cent. on. 
4 



Per 


ton. 


g. 


d. 


12 


ti 


13 


(J 


14 


6 


14 


ti 


'3 





-2 


1 


*1 





''I 


<i 




^854 




11 J6 




-4 




«3 


tl 







\m 



Description of work. 



RoUin;^ and heating : 

Ordinary plates 

Faggoting plates 

Reheating plates 

Extra-large plates (over 17cwt. fin- 
ished, or 5 ft. wide, half circles) 
Rolling, heating and straightening: 

Merchant bars 

TJnder 2^^ pounds per foot. 

Rounds and squares, 43-g-inch and 

upward, and flats, 7 to 8 inch.. . 

Rounds and squares, 7-16 and 3-8 

inch, and flats under 1 by 54 in- 

Rounds and squares, 5-16 and M 

inch 

T-iron 

Reheating 

Changing rolls, §8 s. Qd 

\ Extras, with 50 per cent. 
§ Per turn per fortnight. 



Per ton. 



s. d. 

ta 1 

t9 8 

t9 8 

112 2 

t4 3 

t5 6 

t6 2 

17 8 

til 3 

14 9 

:2 1>^ 



20, lUMJ LABOR qVEHTlON. \ - 

NORTH AND SOUTH STATFOEDSHIEE. 

Wages ]Xikl in forges and mills in 1872. 

Puddling pig-iron , 6 heats, ordinary quality 12s. Cd. per ton of 2,640 pounds. 

Puddling pig-iron, 5 heats, best quality 12s. 6d, per ton of 2,640 pounds. 

Puddling pig-irou, 5 heats, extra i est Is. per ton extra. 

1 to 2 cwt. of scrap-iron, per turn, allowed at full rate lor puddling. 
1 to 2 cwt. for doubled-iron, two or more balls hammered together. Is. per ton. 

Shillings. Pence. 

1 to 2 cwt. castings 14 6 per ton. 

Hammering, steam-hammer 1 4 per ton. 

Hammering, steam for doubling 1 10 per ton. 

iSqueezers 1 per ton. 

Forge-roll'ng 1 4 per ton. 

Stocktaking-mills for plates 1 2 per ton. 

Stocktaking mills for bars 1 8 per ton. 

Miscellaneous labor in forges, iron to forge, coal, including ash- 
wheeling, miil-wrighting, smithing, &c 7 6 per ton. 

In plate-mill: 

Rolling and heating ordinary plates 9 4 per ton. 

Rolling and heating faggoted plates 14 6 per ton. 

I^heated 14 6 per ton. 

Exlr.i large and up to 5 feet wide 18 3 per ton 

Sliearing and speilling, ttc 7 6 per ton. 

Miscellaneous labor in mills 5 per ton. 



SOUTH WALES. 

• I 

Wages paid in iron-mills. 

Per ton. 

Merchant-mill, ordinary sizes, heating, rolling 6s. 4d. 

Under 2^ pounds per foot 7.s\ M. 

Large rounds, squares, angles , and T-iron 9s. 4d' - 

Small angles and T-iron 78. M. 

Reheating 3s. Ad. 

Seven-sixteenths and f rounds and squares, flats under 1 and \- lis. 4d 

Miscellaneous labor in mill 5s. Od. 

Per day. 

Ordinary labor is from 4s. td 5s. 

Engineers' wages 5s. Q,d. to 6s. 6d 

Machinists 6s. to 7s. 6c?. 

Mill-wrights , 5s. 6d to 6s. 6d. 

Coal-wheelers and ash-wheelers, - . ., 5s. to 6s. 

Forge and mill stocktakers 4s. 6d. to 5j?. fid- 

Puddlers' imderhantls . . ... ,. , 4s. to 5s. 6fZ. 

Hannnermen's assistants 8s. to 9s. 

Rollers' assistants 8s. to lis. 

Boys from 11 to 14 years of age Is. 8d to 3s. 4d 

Wages range in South Wales from 15 per cent, to 20 per cent, less 
than other parts. Men in South Wales earn, however, about as much 
;is in England. They have more steady work, get rent cheaper, pay- 
ing about Is. per week for rooms which in England cost about 4.5-. ; 
get coal for a trifle, say 3s., while no allowance is made in England. 



TEE LABOR QUESTION. 



27 



MECHANICAL AND FARM LABOR IN ENGLAND. 

Statemerd showing the rates <f wages paid for mechanical and farm labor in the year 1874. 



Mechanics. 



Blacksmiths 

* Biicklayt Ts and Masons 

Cabinet-makers 

Carpenters 

Coop rs 

Miners 

Machinists 

Painters 

Plasterers 

Shoemakers 

Stone-cutters 

Tailors 

Tanners 

Tinsmiths 

Wheel wrighis 

FAiiM LABOR. < Summer.. 

Experienced hands J Winter. . . 

Ordinary hands Jf™-; 

Common laborers at other than 

farm- work, f( r six days only 

Female Servants 

PRICE OF BOARD. J For workmen . . 
October, 1674.. > For workwomen 



Durham. 

;1 30 per day 
1 44 per day 
1 33 per day 
1 32 per day 
1 10 per day 
1 46 per day 
1 36 per day 
1 3-2 per day 
1 4i per day 
HO per day 
1 44 per day 
1 20 per day 



1 20 per day 

1 32 per day 
84 i)i'r day 
64 per day 
64 piT day 
40 per day 

70 per day 
4 86 ])er day 
3 40 per da\- 

2 40 pir dfiy 



Middlesex. 



J I 20 to $1 66 per day 
1 44 to 1 92 per day 
1 44 to 1 92 per day 
1 44 to 1 68 per day 
1 68 to 1 92 per day 

• renerally by the job.. 
1 68 to ' 1 92 per day 
1 44 to 1 68 per day 
1 44 to 1 68 per day 



1 44 to 1 92 per day 

1 20to 1 68 per day 

1 44 to 1 92 per day 

1 44 to 1 92 per day 

1 44 to 1 92 per day 

2 40 to 3 84 per wk. 
2 40 to 2 88 per " 

1 92 to 2 88 per " 

1 92 to 2 40 per " 



32 per day 

iOOOt') 100.00 per year 



Nottingham. 

pO 15 piT hour. 

16 i)er hour. 

14 per hour. 

15 per hou.-. 

17 per hour. 
1 21 per day. 
1 45 per day. 

14 per hour. 
17 per hour. 
1 09 per day. 

16 per hour. 
1 21 per day. 
1 33 per day. 
1 21 per day. 

14 per hour. 
4.84 to 5. ."6 per wk. 
4 84 to 5.56 per wk. 
4.35 per week. 
4.11 per week. 

84 per day. 
38.72 to 48.40 pr.yr. 
2.90 to 3.39 per wk. 
1.45 to 1.94 pi^r wk. 



' Working iive days only, and for the sixth day, 72 cents. 
In Saint Helens, Lancaster, ordinary farm-laborers leceive 84 cents per day. 



EATES OF WAGES IN LIVEEPOOL. 

Mechanics and skilled artisans, in October, 1873. — The wages of en- 
gineers, boiler-makers, shipwrights, ma,st acd block makers, printers 
and lithographers, and of some of the men in the building trades, 
as painters, joiners, masons, plumbers, &c., vary from 5s. 6d to &s. 
($1.33 to $1.45) per day of nine working hours, or from 33s. to 36s. 
($7.98 to $8.70) per week of fifty-four hours. 

The wages of pressmen in oil-mills, of the higher class of work- 
men in chemical works, sugar refineries, &c., vary from 27s. 6d. to 
32s. 6d. ($6.25 to $7.86) per week, the hours varying from ten to 
twelve per day. 

The wages of day laborers in Liverpool vary from 21s. to 25s. 
($5.08 to $6.05) per week. In some of the smaller towns they 
range from 18s. to 22s. 6d., ($4.35 to $5.44.) 

Domestic Servants. — The wages of housemaids and waitresses vary 
from £10 to £20 ($48.40 to $96.80) per annum, (of course board 
found ;) of cooks from £12 up to £40, ($58.08 to $193.60 ;) of gar- 
deners, £1 to £1 lO.s. ($4.84 to $7.26) per week, living out qf the 
house at their own cost. Footmen and coachmen's wages vary too 
much to give any fixed rates. 



28 



THE LABOR QUESTION. 



WAGES IN engineer's SHOPS, IRON WORKS, ETC. 

The following statement, showing the rates of wages paid by the 
general association of master engineers, ship-builders, and iron and 
brass founders, was kindly furnished by Colonel Clay, of Clay, In- 
man & Co., proprietors of the Birkenhead Forge, under the date of 
October 29, 1873 : 

Statement showing the weekly rates of wages paid to workmen in different classes of 
work in the district of Liverpool during the second quarter of the year 1873. 



Class of work. 



Smiths 

Strikers 

Angle-iron smiths 

Strikers 

Platers 

Helpers 

Riveters 

Holders-up 

Turners 

Coppersmiths 

Brass-finishers 

Fitters and erectors 

Millwrights 

Planers 

Shapers 

Blotters 

Drillers 

Iron-molders. . . \ |^°^- - - - • 

Brass-molders 

Core-makers 

Pattern-makers 

Carpenters and joiners 

Grinders 

Engine drivers and tenters.. 

Calkers , 

Foundry -dressers 

Fonndry-lahorers 

Ordinary laborers 



Employers. 



Average wages of skilled workmen in all the shops 



$8 32 
5 42 
8 94 
5 .i2 
8 32 
4 64 
7 74 
7 74 
7 98 



No. 9. 



18 32 
5 50 
9 19 



7 86 



6 77 
6 77 
6 77 
5 94 



8 47 
7 98 
7 56 
6 05 
6 11 



4 84 
4 59 



7 50 
6 29 

8 32 



7 74 
7 62 



7 50 

6 77 

7 26 

6 05 

8 71 

9 68 
10 16 

7 50 

8 32 
8 32 
8 47 
5 32 



No. 11. 



$8 46 
5 OS 
8 46 



7 74 
6 29 

8 24 



7 62 
7 62 
7 74 
7 50 



No. 12. 



|7 82 
5 18 
8 53 



8 50 



6 29 
5 32 
4 35 



6 77 
5 80 

8 71 

9 43 
8 83 

7 01 

8 22 
7 50 
7 50 
5 08 



6 29 
5 32 
4 59 



7 50 

6 07 

8 12 
8 11 

7 8(i 
7 80 

7 74 
6 53 
6 33 

6 05 
5 92 

8 71 

9 43 
8 01 

7 32 

8 10 
7 32 
7 08 
5 56 



Aver- 
age. 



6 29 
4 69 
4 69 



$8 23 
5 30 
8 70 

5 32 
8 43 

4 64 

7 62 

6 60 

8 16 
8 11 

7 74 
7 72 
7 74 

7 08 
6 61 

6 71 

5 !!2 

8 71 

9 51 
9 00 

7 28 

8 28 
7 78 
7 65 

5 50 

6 11 
6 29 
5 04 
4 55 



7 70 



Wages paid in a large manufactory at Huddersfield, England, doing iusiness vifh 

the United States. 



Occupation. 



Wool-sorters... 

Dyers 

Overlookers 

Teasers 

Feeders 

Engineers 

Spinners 

Warpers 

Beamers 

Sizers 

Timers 

Weavers > 



Sex. 



Men 

do 

do 

do 

Boys and girls, 
Men 

do 

Women & girls 
Men 

do 

do 

do 

Women 



U. S. gold. 



$5 80 
4 84 
19 68 to 14 52 
4 36 
2 18 
8 47 
7 26 
2 18 

2 18 to 2 90 
4 84 to 19 36 

4 84 to 19 36 

5 80 to 9 68 

3 63 to 4 84 



Occupation. 



Menders 

Knotters 

liurlers 

Scourers 

Fullersorm'l's 
Tcnterers 

Finishers ? 

Pressers 

W'rehousemen 
Engine-tenters 
Firemen 



Sex. 



Women 

Girls 

Women &. girls 
Men 

do 

do 

do : 

Boys 

Men 

do 

do 

do 



U. S. gold. 



$4 36 to 6 29 

2 18 to 2 90 

2 18 

2 06 

7 26 

6 29 to 7 26 

4 84 to 5 80 

1 94 to 3 88 

4 84 to 5 80 

4 84 to 7 26 

5 80 to 9 68 

5 39 



THE LABOR QVESTIOV. 



29 



Bates of wages paid for mechanical and farm labor in the year 1874. 
(Hours of labor vary from 50 to 52}2 per week.) 



Occupation. 



MECHANICS. 

Blacksmiths 

Bricklayers and masons 

Cabinet-makers 

Carpenters ; 

Coopers 

Miners 

Machinists 

Painters 

Shoemakers 

Stone-cutters 

Tailors 



Per week. 



$4 80 to $6 00 

7 68 

4 80 to 7 20 

6 48 

7 20 

8 64 
4 80 

14 

8 40 
7 20 

9 12 



6 72 to 



-11 to 
7 20 to 



7 20 to 



Occupation. 



Mechanics— Continued. 

Tanners 

Tinsmiths 

"Wheelwrights 

FARM-LABORERS. 

Experienced hands 

Ordinary hands 

Common laborers at other 

than farm-work 

Female servants 



Per week. 


$6 20 to 


es 76 
1 20 
6 72 


136 to 


»1 20 
72 


160 to 
t72 to 


96 
1 32 



*Perhonr. 



f Per day. 



Table showing the mean wages of mechanics and other laborers of Sheffield, England, 
per week, in United States gold. 



Class of labor. 



Mechanics : 

Blacksmiths' 

Carpenters 

Masons 

Painters 

Plasterers 

Shoemakers 

Boiler-makers 

Wheel and mill wrights 

Carters 

Clerks in railway-offices 

Slaters, Id. per hour, 53 hours 
per week 

Slaters' assistant, 5d. per hour, 

53 hours per week 

Table-cutlery : 

Table-blade forgers 

Table-blade grinders 

Table-blade hafters 

Table-forks, steel : 

Forgers 

Grinders 

Filers, boys and girls 

Pocket-cutlery : 

Pocket-blade forgers 

Grinders 

Hafters 

Saws: 

Saw-makers 

Saw-grinders 

Handlers 

Rubbers, women 

Scissors : 

Forgers 

Grinders 

Filers 

Putting together 

Burnishers, women 

Edge-tools : 

Forgers 

Strikers 

Hardeners 

Grinders 

Engineers' tools: 

Forgers 



Wages. 



$6 53 
7 26 
7 74 

6 53 

7 02 

5 32 

6 53 

7 74 

5 08 

6 05 

7 26 



7 19 
6 69 

5 34 

6 29 

7 87 
2 05 

6 69 

7 26 

6 05 

7 02 

8 47 

6 78 
2 18 

6 05 
8 83 
6 41 

6 41 
1 94 

10 16 

7 74 

6 78 
10 29 

7 87 



Class of labor. 



Engineers' tools — Continued. 

Grinders 

Filers 

Sheep-shears : 

Forgers 

Strikers. 

Grinders 

Hammer-makers : 

Forgers'. 

Strikers 

Razors : 

Forgers 

Grinders 

Hafters 

Girls, assisting, putting up, &c 
Silver-plated ware : 

Silversmiths 

Chasers 

Engravers 

C Women 

) Girls, 12 to 16 yrs 

fW^omen 
Girls, 12 to 16 yrs 
White-metal ware : 

Spinners 

Putting together 

Casters and stampers 

B„flers...^«^*'°;-; 

) VV omen 

Women-casters 

Girls, buffers and cleaners... 

Women in warehouse 

Burnishers, women 

Files; 

Forgers 

Strikers 

Grinders 

Cutters 

Steel : 

Melter 

BuUer-out 

Cokers 

Pot-maker 

Convirting-furiiacp men..... . 



Burnishers. 
Buffers 



$7 62 
6 53 

9 68 

6 78 
9 80 

9 68 

7 26 

7 26 
9 44 

6 78 
1 63 

7 87 

7 87 
9 68 
3 03 
1 82 

3 39 

1 82 

8 83 
7 02 
7 50 

6 41 

2 90 
2 42 

1 45 

2 54 
2 90 

13 31 

9 68 
12 71 

7 26 

12 10 

7 02 

4 86 
9 68 
4 83 



THE LABOR QUEHIION. 



BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. 

At a conference of the Leeds boot and shoe manufacturers and 

their workmen, held April 26, 1872, the following rates of wages were 

agreed upon, the scale of prices to be clear of all rivets, sprigs, &c. 

Wages in the hoot and shoe trade at Leeds. 



Class of work. 



men's light woek. 

Best kid, calf and seal levant 

Kip and gnus levant '_\\\ 

Split or neshers /' 

Common lace-kip, brown bottom ] 

Common lace-flesh boot, plain blown bottom 

Men's 8liooting-bo(/ts, wide welt 

Cricket boots and shoes \\ 

Twos to fives: 

Best kid, calf, and seal levant 

Kip, split, gnu.s, and grained levant ! ! 

Common lace kip and tlesh boot, jjlam brown bottom. 
Elevens to ones; 

Best kid, calf, audsual levant 

Kip, split, gnus, and grained levant 

Common lace kip and flesh boot, plain brown bottoml 
Sevens to tens : 
■ Best kid, calf, and seal levant 

Kip, split, gnus, and grained levant 

Common lace kip and flesh boot, jdain brown bottom. 
jien's strong work. 

Stabbed heels and mock clinkeis 

Forge-boots 

Sparables and hobs " 

Twos to fives, sparables and hobs 

Elevens to ones, sparables and hobs 

Sevens to tens, sparables and hobs 

EXTRAS ON men's WORK. 

Patents 



Fiddle- waist \'\ 

Machine-sewn ..i».«.« , 

Bevel edge JfeT^S. 

Eed welt .".'.'. . .'. ::^-C.-...'. .].'.'..] 

Best inside-bevel clump .^H^rm^m-------- ■ - 

Best outside-bevel clump ?"'"" 

Seconds and thirds inside-bovel clump '-".".'.".".'' '.'. . 

Seconds and thirds outside-bevel clump .".'.".". 

Ists, 2d8 andSds sq. clump. [All clumps to be jumped in the waistj . 

One row of rivets or sprigs extra* 

Screwed toe and joint in clumps 

Three rows of rivets or sprigs in middle 

Common laced kip and fle.sh boot, black waist 

Nailed boot, with black waist 

Wellingtons " ." . . . 

Twos to fives : 

Patents 

Machine-sewn _ _ 

Fiddle- waist 

Bevel edge 

Red welt 

Best and common inside-ljevel clnmp, 

Outside-bevel clumps 

Firsts, seconds and thirds square clumps 

Screwed too and joint in clumps 

One row of rivets or spr:gs extra* 

Three rows of rivets or sprigs in middle 

Common laco kip and flesh boot, with black waist 

Nailed boot, with black waist 

Elevens to ones and sevens to tens : 

Patent 

Fiddle-waist 

Machine-sewn 

Best and common bevel clumps 

One row of rivets or sprigs extra* 

Three rows of rivets or sprigs in middle 

Common lace kip and flesh boot, with tdack waist 

Nailed boot, with black waist , , 



Per dozen. 



$2 18 
1 94 
1 82 
1 82 
1 70 
3 16 
3 28 

1 58 
1 46 
1 33 

1 46 
1 33 
1 21 

1 08 
96 

84 

3 08 

2 66 
2 42 

1 82 
1 58 
1 21 

24 



24 



n g 



$2 66 
2 42 

2 30 
1 94 

1 82 

3 87 
3 40 

1 82 
1 70 
1 4li 

1 58 
1 46 
1 21 

1 33 

1 -ii 
<M 

1 70 
1 70 

1 70 
1 33 

1 08 
a4 

24 
24 
24 
24 
12 
96 
96 
72 
72 
24 
12 
24 



^2 18 
1 94 
1 82 
1 46 

1 33 
3 39 

2 90 

1 46 
1 33 
1 -^1 

1 33 
1 ;.'l 



1 14 

I 112 

78 

! 21 
1 21 

1 ■>; 

1 08 

84 
!)« 



No extra for fixushing one extra row on common brown bottoms. 



THE LABOR QUESTION. 
Wages in the boot and shoe trade at Leeds— Continued. 



31 



Class of work. 



men's slifpeb wokk. 



Common pumps, white bottoms 

Common pumps, brown bottoms.. .! 

Boys' twos to fives common pumps, white bottoms ' 
Boys twos to fives common pumps, brown bottoms 



women's wokk. 

I' ^?5*o^^ ^""^ ^?'^^ ley't. either plain, fancy, blck'd, turned in or not 
^" ^ H '^^dsnue levant, either plain or blocks, not tmned in. . . . 
3. Xid, sand-boots, and block-grained.... 

3. Calf and grained bals 

4. Calf, iron rivets or sprigs 

Ele^vens tois!"'^' "'"^ ^i^'t««"'"«P"'g3.' flatheeisCnothigherthan ?4" in)| 

2 ^Ta ^'!,'"'i'^ seal lev't either pl'n. fey, blk'd. turned in or not. 
2. Kid, gnus, levaut, sand-boots, and calf 

Sevens to™M°s" ''^^*' ^°^ ■^^'^**^' ^'^^ ^®®'^' *^°° "'^®*^ ^^'^ '^P"g^ ' ' " " ' 

I' tI?;1* ^^ ^".'^ seal I'vt, either pl'n fey, blk'd, turned in or not. 
2. Kid, gnus, levant, eand-boots and calf 
Fours to"S™e^° calf and sheep, fiat heels, iron rivets and sprigs .".";.".': 

1. Best kid and levant 

2. Calf and common 



EXTRAS ON women's WORK. 



Firsts, seconds and- thirds outside-bevel clump 

* irsts, seconds and thirds inside-bevel clump 

* irsts, seconds and thirds square clump . 

Firsts and seconds machine-sewn 

Thirds machine-sewn 

Wurtemburg heel 

Fiddle- waist 

Channels 

White foreparts 

Black waist and brown foreparts 

Brown waist and black foreparts 

All patent 

One row of rivets or sprigs extra* . . 

One row of sprigs or rivets round forepart and tliree in middie" 

Womf>n'8 high-legged boots, 7 inches.:.... . 

Elevens to ones and sevens to tens : 

Machine-sewn, elevens to ones 

Machine-sewn, sevens to tens... 

Fiddle- waist 

White foreparts ". . . . '. ___[ 

Black waist and brown forepart. 

Brown waist and black forepart 

Channels 

Firsts and seconds bevel clump. ........' '. 

One row of rivets or sprigs extra* 

One row of rivets or sprigs round the forepart and 3 up middle" 
i< ours to sixes : 

Machine-sewn 

Fiddle-waist '.".'.'.'.['.. ....... '.'. 

WTiite foreparts '.V....... 

Black waist and brown foreparts 

Brown waist and black foreparts. 

Girls' high-legged boots, all sizes 

Copper tips, all sizes , 



women's slipper work. 



Pumps, white and black bottoms 

Pumps, brown bottoms '....... .. 

Women's cashmere pumps, with top-piece or spring-heeis! 



Per dozen. 



81 27 

1 15 

96 

96 

84 
e4 

84 
72 
66 



fl 45 

1 3a 

1 21 

1 09 

1 09 

96 

1 09 
96 

84 

96 

84 
72 

7-3 

66 



■2 
72 
24 
24 
12 
48 
24 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
24 

12 

6 
12 
12 

6 

6 

6 
36 

6 



6 
12 
12 

6 

6 
12 



$1 21 

1 09 

96 

84 
84 
72 

90 
78 
66 

78 
66 
54 

60 
54 



* No extra for finishing one extra row on common brown bottoms. 



82 



ins LABOR QUESTION, 



Average rates of weekly wages paid to tvorkmen in engineering and ship-iuilding trad*, 

in Glasgow. 



Pattern-makers 

Turners 

Planers 

Drillers 

Fiuishers 

Fitters 

Smiths 

Hammermen... 

Platers 

Riveters 

Calkers 

Joiners 

Sawyers 



$6 62 


6 40 


6 13 


4 74 


6 11 


6 27 


6 64 


4 54 


7 70 


6 96 


6 96 


6 40 


5 52 



Carpenters 

Smiths' finishers 

Painters 

Ship riveters and calkers 

Ship-smiths 

Holders-on 

Average of all classes 

■Unskilled labor 

Common labor oatside of works 



$6 94 
5 97 

5 30 

6 42 
6 20 
3 90 



6 11 



3 63 
6 05 
3 38 
3 87 



Statement showing the rates of wages paid for mechanical and other labor in Ireland 

in the year 1873. 



Occupation. 



MECHANICS. 



Blacksmiths 

Bricklayers, masons. 

Cabinet-makers 

Carpenters 

Coopers 

Machinists 

Painters 

Plasterers ■ 

Shoemakers 

Stone-cutters 

Tailors 

Tanners 1 

Tinsmiths 

Wheelwrights 



"Waterford. 



FARM LABOKERS. 

Experienced hands : 

In summer 

In winter 

Ordinary hands : 

In summer 

In winter 

Common laborers, at 

other than farm w'k 

Female servants 

MISCELLANEOUS. 



Seamen 

Laborers or unskilled 

workmen, 1874 

App'nticesorboys, '74 
Foremen or overseers, 

1874 



|8 40 per week 

6 72 per week 

7 20 per week 

6 24 per -week 

5 76 per week 

7 50 to $9 60 per week 

6 00 per week 

6 72 per week 

6 00 per week 

6 72 to $7 20 per week 
6 00 per week 



7 20 per week 

6 24 to $6 72 per week 



72 per day. 
60 per day. 



60 per day. 
48 per day. 



48 per day 

60 00 per annum. 



12 40 to $15 per month. 



Cork. 



|5 84 per week. 
6 33 per week. 



5 84 per week 

1 46 per day 

7 30 per week 

5 84 per week 

6 33 per week 

1 46 per day 

1 -ill per day 

6 09 to $7 30 per week 



8 52 per week. 



3 41 per week. 
2 43 per week. 

2 92 per week. 
1 95 per week. 



2 92 per week. 
1 46 per week. 

9 73 per week. 



Londonderry. 



$0 84 to 

84 to 

96 to 

72 to 

72 to 

1 20 to 

1 08 to 

96 to 

5 76 to 

96 to 

5 88 to 

4 32 to 

3 60 to 

4 32 to 



$1 32 per day 
1 32 per day. 
1 04 per day. 
1 32 per day. 
1 08 per day. 
1 80 per day. 
1 56 per day. 
1 44 per day. 
6 24 per week 
1 44 per day. 
6 .36 per week 
5 76 per week 

4 80 per week 

5 76 per week 



36 to 40 per day. 
36 to 40 per day. 

32 to 36 per day. 
32 to 36 per day. 

36 to 72 per day. 
40 00 to 60 00 per an'm 



THB LABOR QJJESTIOJf. 



Priee$ o/provmom, groeeries, and other leading articles of 



consumption, jo. 



33 



Article*. 



Leeds. 



PKO VISIONS. 

Plour: 

Wheat, super.. bbl 
Wheat, ex. fam.bbl 

„ Kye bbl 

Loin -meal hbl 

Fresh, roast-pcs.lb 
Fresh, 8oup.pc8..1b 
Fresh, r'mp-stks.lb 
Corned lb 

T.-al: 

Fore-quarters lb . 

flind quarters. . .lb 
Outlets lb 

Mutton : 

Fore quarters... lb 

Leg lb 

^ Chops lb. 

Pork: 

Fieshj lb 

Corned or salted.Ib. 

Bacon lb. 

Hams, smoked... lb 

Shoulders lb. 

Sausages lb 

Lard 15 ' 

C^odflsh, dry lb 

Mackerel, pickled! ! .lb 

Kuiter Uj 

Cheese lb 

Potatoes .lb 

Rice lb 

Milk ^^ 

KgKs :.' 



1872. 


1874. 

N'c'stle 

on 
Tyne. 


M'chester 


$7 74 

9 00 

5 08 to 6 14 

3 99 to 4 11 


$6 17 
6 77 

4 96 

5 03 


22 
10 


22 
14 



1872. 



Jfottmgh'm 



Tl 50 
8 71 
4 00 



10 to 



qt. 

S^ doz 

GROCERIES, ETC. 

Tea, good black lb 

Coffee : 

Rio, gi-een lb 

Rio, roasted lb 

Sugar ; 

Good brown.. lb 

Yellow C lb 

CoffeeB ib 

Molasses ; 

New Orleans lb 

Porto Rico... lb 

Sirup lb 

hoap, common lb 

Starch ii, 

Coal 

Oil, coal 



12 to 
20 to 



16 to 
09 to 



24 

18 

17 
20 
22 



20 to 
16 to 



04 to 08 



24 



06 to 
20 to 



24 
Kili 

18 
20 
24 

16 
20 
22 

16 
16 
18| 
24 
16 
18 
20 
08 



24 to 



22 

10 

28 

19 to 2-2 



SheflBeld. 



I to S 29 

8 00 to 8 57 

5 71 to (i 29 

4 57 

20 
17 
28 
20 

18 
18 
24 



1874. 



^"°'lvp'1.I Hell Slander- 



don. 



S7 oa 



24 to 
12 to 
I bush. J 



34 

20 
65 
06 
[Haricot] li 



30 to 36 



60 to m 64 to 97 



32 



48 to 72 48 to 96 



20 to 
20 to 



Itito 
20 to 



05 to 



$ 23 

18 
28 1 
22 

22 1 
22 
30 

19 
22 

28 

20 
19 
1« 
24 
19 
24 
23 



06 to 



5 14 



04 
06 
08 
10 
5 14 to 4 44 
48 



fgal. I 36 
[gal.] 48 
[gal.] tiO 
08 



19 to 
50 to 
32 to 
19 to 
09 to 



42 
66 
48 
33 
17 
22 
09 
2 90 to 3 63 



06 to 



24 to 
4 to 

§16 to §24 

03 to 06 

Oci 

06 

18 



04 t<i 
08 to 



ton 
-gall 

DO.MESTIC DRY GOODS, &C 
Shirtings : 

Blcd,4-4st.qty.yd. loto 

oneetmgs: 

Bn,9-8, st.q'ty.vd 

Blc'd, do. ..yd 
C'toaflau. med. q'ty.yd 
Tickings, good q tv yd 

Prints 'y{[ 

Mousseline de laines.yd 
.Satinets, med.q'ty. yd 
Boota, mens heavy IH' 

HOUSE-RENT." 

4-room tenm'nrs.m nth 

6-room tenm nts.mnth. j 1628 to 6 76 

For men week in \ \ 

Forwomen... week I I ^ I ■ 2 90 to3 39 290 to 363 

J 45 to 1 93 1 45 to 1 93 



3 38 to 5 56!:n4to3 87 
(t) 

07 to 

08 to 

19 to 

20 to 
19 to 
24 to 

09 to 



08 to 
10 to 

12 to 
32 to 
16 to 
12 to 
12 to 
16 to 



56 

12 

16 

20 
60 
30 
60 
24 
.32 
120' 



60 



06 
07 
10 

08 
08 

20 
20 

29 

08 
15 

32, 
36 i 
30 1 

241 
20 1 
32i 

751 



$ 22 
20 
22 
22 



34 34 
20 20 
[b]19<5 01% 



04 to 



land. 



$6 40 
7 12 
5 40 
5 04 

22 
16 
24 
18 

20 
22 



16 

22 
24 

18 
17 
19 
26 
21 
24 
20 
07 
06 
34 
22 
01 
12 
09 
10 
28 



[gl]72 
07 
12 
12 

5 S 



08 

12 

3 60 



73 to 94 



06 
07 
07 

[gal.J 46 
[gal.J 54 
08 
06 
12 
3 84 
43 

09 to 12 
12 to 24 



! 4 60 to 4 841 



3 34 2 42 to 3 63 2 42to3 75{3 36 

5 00' 3 36 to 4 84 3 36 to 4 32 
7 10! 4 84to7 24' 605 



41 
3 24 



a.-; 



4 84|3 76 
6 22 



3 40 



*eras, 1,000 feet, a4c. 



tVaries much. 

5 



24 to 46 
4- to 84 
to 24 
24 to 64 
10 to 14 
2* 

1 00 

2 88 

4 80 
6 98 

3 36 

2 20 



IWorking-classes do not boardriPiF stone.' ' jDo^blil^aEE 



84 



THE LABOR QUESTION. 



^aUmemi showing the average retail prices of the following articles of dry goods in 
Sunderland, supplied by Messrs. Sheraton, drapers, in November, 1874. 



Articles. 



Smy shirtings : 

30-inch 

33-iiich 

36-inch 

40-inch 

WTiite shirtings : ■ 

Fine make, 36-inch. 

Stout -make, 36-inch 
■White flannels : 

Lancashire 

Saxony, finer 

ffancy flannels : 

Unions 

All wool 

©ray sheetings : 

■72-inch 



l^rice. 


Cents. 


6 to 


9 


7 to 


11 


8 to 


14 


10 to 


16 


10 to 


20 


13 to 29 1 1 


28 to 


48 


28 to 


48 


14 to 


30 


36 to 


66 


24 to 


40 



Articles. 



Gray sheetings — Continued. 

80-inch 

Double-warp, 80-inch 

White sheetings : 

72-iuch 

80-inch 

Double warp, 90-inch 

Ticks : 

Cotton, 27 to 32 inch 

Union, 32-inch 

Linen : 

"White or brown, 32-inch 

Prints : 

30 to 32 inch 

Satin cloths, French Llamas, and 
various othei' dress-materials 



Price. 



Cents. 

32 to 34 

40 to 5-1 

44 to 60 

54 to 66 

60 to 84 

18 to 24 

20 to 30 

30 to 36 

9 to 16 

20 to 48 



Mr. Consul Jenkinson, in his report on the condition of the labor- 
ing classes of Glasgow, thus writes in regard to the wretched tene- 
ments which most of them occupy : 



HOMES OF THE LA-BORING CLASSES OF GLASGOW. 

The condition of the laboring men of this city cannot be fully uuderstood without 
a glance at their homes. In this respect, perhaps, more than in any other, is tho 
greatest contrast presented between the British and American mechanic. Honn' 
©omforts, in the American sense, are but little known to the laboring man in Glas. 
gow, living for the most part in great tenement buildings, where ten or a dozen, 
Bometimes twenty or thirty, families occupy a single tenement; each family pos- 
sessed of but one, or at most two, ill-ventilated, dreary, dirty room. The ofl&eiul 
statistics upon this subject are startling The city chamberlain, in his report for 
1869, says: "It is quite aside from the subject to complain of single apartments 
being each occupied by a family, for such has always been the case, and apparently 
will continue to be the case, much as it is to be regretted. The chief evil arises 
when a dweUing-house becomes subdivided into single apartments, each entering 
through its neighbor, in place of each opening only upon a well -ventilated staircase 
or corridor. Some readers may not be prepared to learn that at the census of 1861 
more than 28,000 houses in Glasgow were found to consist of but a single apart- 
ment, and above 32,000 to consist of two; so that of the whole 82,000 families 
comprising the city, upwards of 60,000 were housed in dwellings of one and two 
apartments each. " 

For 1870 the estimated numbers were: Families each occiipying a single room, 
29,884; those occupying only two rooms, 43,403 — showing that more than 73,000 of 
the 97,000 families comprising the city of Glasgow in 1870 were living in one or tMo 
rooms each. The mere statement of these facts is sufficient to show that few home 
comforts fall to the lot of the laboring classes of this city, and if I should add a 
description of the dirt and desolation prevaihng in most of all these homes, making 
them mere nests oi' disease and suffering, I would even then have only partially 
detailed their discomforts. And imagine 8,000 of these families congregated on the 
space of four blocks, as is the case in this city, and can anything more be done to 
darken the picture? Such miserable dwellings cannot, of course, command very 
high rents, and it is not surprising, therefore, to find, from an official report, that 
dxtring the year just closed (1872) there were in this city more than 74,000 dwelling- 
houses renting at less than $50 each. And, as I find on inquiry that dwellings of 
two rooms rent for from $40 to $50 each, it is presumable that all of these 74,000 
dwellings, each occupied by a family, were of one or two rooms each. 



THE OENTEI^I^IAL-18T6. 



FROM THE ADDKESS OF JOHN C. BULLITT, ESQ., DELIVERED IN PHILADELPHIA, DEC. 18, 187B 



The Centennial Commission was formally organized March 4th, 
1872, and the Board of Finance May 10th, 1873. I shall pass over 
the variable experience which they have encountered. They knew 
they were engaged in a noble enterprise, and, armed with a conscious- 
ness of the results to be attained, they pressed on with unfalter- 
ing energy toward the great purpose of their creation. Permit me 
to lay before you in a brief way the result of those labors: 

On the 4th day of July, 1874, the first shovel of earth was re- 
moved by the MaiCor of Philadelphia from the spot on which now 
stands Memorial Hall. Since that time there have been enclosed for 
the use of the Exhibition two-hundred and thirty acres. The follow- 
ing buildings have been erected, and have either been completed, or 
are in a condition to be completed in ample time for the Exhibition. 

The Main Building covering 21.47 

Art Gallery (Memorial Hall) .' .' i.50 

Machinery Hall ] 14.00 

Horticultural Hall . , 150 

Agricultural Building . . . . . . , .10.15 



Making a total . 48.62 

Add to this, other structures, such as the Women's Pavilion, 
Government, Leather, Carriage and Photograph Buildings, 
of about _' 12.00 

And it will give, of actual flooring for Exhibition purposes, 

about 60.00 

This is exclusive of the space occupied by the buildings erected by 
foreign nations, the several States, and for general purposes con- 
nected with the Exhibition. The whole of them will not be less in 
number than one-hundred and fifty buildings. Compare this work 
for a moment with the great exhibitions that have taken place in 
other parts of the world. The following is a list of exibitions else- 
where, with the space covered, and the cost of erection : 
London, 1851 . . .20 acres .... $1,464,000 



New York, 1853 
Paris, 1855 . 
London, 1862 
Paris, 1867 . 
Vienna, 1873 
Philadelphia, 1876 



acres 
acres 
acres 
acres 
. 40| acres 



30 
24 



500,000 
4,000,000 
2,300,000 
4,596,763 
9,850,000 
6,724,350 



. 50 acres 

. 60 acres 

Let me caU your attention to what foreign nations are doing in the 

matter of this Exhibition. I have before me a list of the nations, eo 

far as I can ascertain, who have thus far accepted invitations to take 



36 THE CENTENNIAL. • 

part in this Exhibition, and they comprise every nation of any impor- 
tance upon the face of the globe, making a total of 36, and among 
them Spain, and we may be sure when the Spanish Government 
shall have read, and properly understood, the last message which has 
been sent by the President of the United States [prolonged cheering] 
they will fully appreciate the disposition of this nation to act with 
fairness and with justice towards their Government. And now let 
me say that I come to speak of the country which I am sure we must 
all heartily welcome when she comes upon our shores, whose history 
reaches far beyond anything that we may boast, Japan is to take part, 
and has appropriated $600,000. 

Foreign nations who have erected and will erect buildings are : 
Great Britain 3; Germany 1; Brazil 1; Sweden 2; Japan 3; Spain 

2; Egypt 2; Canada 1; Austrahal; Turkey 1; Morocco 1. Nations 

11; Buildings 17. Total cost about $7,000,000. 

This great Centennial and International Exposition had its origin 
in laws of the United States. It is the property of the whole nation. 
It has been conducted under its auspices thus far, and whatever of 
prestige or success may attend it must be due to and inure to the 
credit and honor of the United States. I have said it was the prop- 
erty of the whole nation, and I use these words in the broadest and 
most catholic sense. National in its conception, in its creation, in 
its progress, in its purposes and objects, in the spirit which has per- 
vaded the efforts of those who have had it in charge, in the magni- 
tude of its proportions, in its softening and harmonizing influences 
upon our own people; national in its relations to foreign powers, to 
the several States and to the Government of the United States, 
there is and can be no proprietary ownership in it or of it, save and 
except of the 40,000,000 of free people for whom and on whose be- 
half this gi-and Exhibition is being prepared. 

Not only is it national, it gains additional lustre from the fact that 
its every object and purpose are in the interests of peace — in the ap- 
propriate words of the President's Proclamation of July 3d, 1873, 
" in the interest of peace, civilization and domestic and international 
friendship and intercourse" — peace abroad and at home — peace and 
good-will with foreign powers and among our own cottntrymen. We 
stretch across the Atlantic and Pacific and invite the nations of the 
Old World to come among us and take part in this celebration. To 
our own countrymen it is said, whatever may have been the past, 
whatever dissentions or heart-burnings may have heretofore existed, 
whatever of -contentions or differences or alienations may have pre- 
vailed to agitate, or divide, or separate us, let them all be buried 
with the century to which they belong. Let us meet in one common 
fold and renew those pledges of mutual support, forbearance and de- 
votion which alone carried our forefathers through the Revolution of 
1776, and which must not be forgotten or violated if we would pre- 
serve the integrity and insure the safety of the Union. In this spirit 
the Exhibition of 1876 was conceived, and will be conducted to the 
end. Within these precincts no partisan or sectional discord can 
enter. Here every citizen can find freedom from strifes and conten- 
tions. Here he can repose beneath the broad and outstretched arms 
of his Government and realize the value of being an American citi- 



THE CENTENNIAL. 87 

zen. Here there can be neither doubts nor distrust nor prejudice to 
disturb his mind or roughen his temper. It is his nation's Exhibition 
— Lis country's Celebration — and he can visit and enjoy and partake of 
it with the consciousness that no man can gainsay or dispute his 
right. 

But much as has been accompHshed, well as that has been done, 
bright and encouraging as are the prospects for success both at home 
and from abroad, there remains still a great work to be performed. 
The men who have devoted themselves so perseveringly and so faith- 
fully need the encouragement and help of the whole country to make 
their success assured. Will it be regarded as trespassing upon the 
laws of hospitality if I urge ujDon you, the representatives of the 
Government of the United States now j^resent, to give your earnest 
attention to the subject, and if you find upon examination, that these 
servants have been faithful in the trust confided to them, that you 
Aviil afford to them that assistance which will place this noble enter- 
prise beyond question or doubt? We, who have been on the spot 
believe they have acted with the highest integrity and fidelity; that 
throughout they have displayed economy, skill and taste, and that 
they are worthy of your most absolute confidence. We believe, with 
your aid, they will perform ail that the most sanguine could hope for; 
that the Exhibition of 1876 will excel all that have preceded it; that 
it will be worthy the occasion and the nation, and if rightly under- 
stood and correctly appreciated, your action will receive commenda- 
tion and approval far and wide throughout the land." 




88 



INTEimAL REVEirUS 



INTERNAL REVENUE. 



See "LaTTLB Tariff Law," p. 6S]. 



These rates are tliose of the new Internal Revenue Law, passed 
June, 1872, and taking effect October 1, 1872. 



TAXES. 



Ale, per bbl. of 31 gallons $1 00 

Banks, on average amount of deposits, eaeh month * 1-24 of 1 1? ct. 

Sank deposits, savings, etc., having no capital stock, per six months i'4 of 1 1? ct. 
Banks, on capital, beyond the average amount invested in United States 

bonds, each month 1-24 of 1 ^ ct. 

Banks, on average amount of circulation, each month 1-12 of 1 i! ct. 

Banks, on average amount of circulation, beyond 90 per cent, of the cap- 
ital, an additional tax each month 1-6 of 1 "^ ct. 

Banks, on amount of notes of any person, state bank, or state banking 

association, used and paid out as circulation 10 ^ ct. 

Beer, per bbl. of 31 gallons $1 OQ 

Brandy, made from grapes, per gallon 70 

Brewers, special tax on : 100 00 

Chewing tobacco, fine cut, plug, or twist, per lb 20 

Cigars, manufacturers of, speaial tax 10 00 

Cigars, of all descriptions, made of tobacco or any substitute therefor, per 

1000. r> 00 

Cigars, imported, in addition to import duty to pay same as above. 

Cigarettes, not weighing more than 3 lbs. per 1,000, per 1,000 1 50 

Cigarettes, weight exceeding 3 lbs. per 1,000, per 1,000 5 00 

Dealers in leaf tobacco, wholesale 25 00 

Dealers in leaf tobacco, retail 5 Oo 

Dealers in leaf tobacco, for sales in excess of $1,000, per dollar of excess 5 

Distilled spirits, every proof gallon 70 

Distillers, producing 100 bbls. orless (40gallon8of proof spirit to bbl) per 

annum 400 00 

Distillers, for each bbl. in excess of 100 bbls 4 00 

Distillers, on each bbl. of 40 gallons in warehouse when act took eflfect, 

and when withdrawn 4 00 

Distillers of brandy from grapes, peaches, and apples exclusively, pro- 
ducing less than 150 bbls. annually, special tax $50, and $4 per bbl. of 
40 gallons. 
Distillery, having aggregate capacity for mashing, etc., 20 bushels of 

grain per day, or less per day 2 oO 

Distillery, in excess of 20 bushels of grain per day, for every 20 bushels, 

per day 2 00 

Fermented liquors, in general, per bbl 1 00 



INTEBNAL REYENJJE 



39 



Gas, coal, iUmninating, when the product shall not be above 200,000 

cubic feet per month, per 1,000 cubic feet 10 

€ras, coal, when product exceeds 200,000, and does not exceed 500,000 

cubic feet per month, per 1,000 cubic feet 15 

tlas, coal, when product exceeds 500,000, and does not exceed 5,000,000 

cubic feet per month, per 1,000 cubic feet 20 

Gas, coal, when product exceeds 5,000,000 feet per month, per 1,000 cubic 

feet 25 

Imitation wines and champagne, not made from grapes, currants, rhu- 
barb, or berries, grown in the United States, rectified or mixed, to be 
sold as wine or any other name, per dozen bottles of more than a pint 

and not more than a quart 2 40 

Imitation wines, containing not more thaij one pint, per dozen bottles.. 1 20 

Lager beer, per bbl. of 31 gallons 1 00 

Liquors, dealers in, whose sales, including sales of all other merchandise, 
sball exceed |25,000, an additional tax for every $100 on sales of liquors 

in excess of such $25,000 1 00 

Manufacturers of skills 50 OO 

Manufacturers of stills, for each still or worm made 20 00 

Porter, per bbl. of 31 gallons 1 oo 

Rectifiers, special tax 200 00 

Retail liquor dealers, special tax 25 00 

Retail malt liquor dealers 20 00 

Snuff, manufactured of tobacco, or any substitute, when prepared for 

use, per lb 32 

Snuff"-floar, sold or removed, for use, per lb 32 

Stamps, distillers', other than tax-paid stamps charged to collector, each 10 

Tobacco, dealers in 10 GO 

Tobacco, manufacturers of 10 00 

Tobacco, twisted by hand, or reduced from leaf, to be consumed, without 
the use of machine or instrument, and not pressed or sweetened, per lb. 20 

Tobacco, all other kinds not provided for, per lb 20 

Tobacco peddlers, traveling with more than two horses, mules, or other 

animals (first class) 50 00 

Tobacco peddlers, traveling with two horses, mules, or other animals 

(second class) 25 00 

Tobacco peddlers, traveling with one horse, mule, or other animal (third 

class) 15 00 

Tobacco peddlers, traveling on foot, or by public conveyance (fourth 

class) 10 00 

Tobacco, snuff and cigars, for immediate export, stamps for, each 10 

Wholesale liquor dealers 100 00 

Wholesale malt liquor dealers 50 00 

Wholesale dealers in liquors whose sales, including sales of all other mer- 
chandise, shall exceed $25,000, each to pay an additional tax on every 
$100 ofsalesofliquors in excess of $25,000 1 00 




40 



STAMP DUTIES. 



The latest Internal Eevenue Act of the United States (that of June, 
1872), provides for tfee following stamp duties after October 1, 1873. All 
other stamp duties in Schedule B are repealed. 

SCHEDULE B. 

Bank check, di-aft, or order for the payment of any Bum of money i^hat- 
eoever, drawn upon any bank, banker, or trust company, or for any 
sum exceeding $10, drawn upon any other person or persons, com- 
panies, or corporations^ at sight or on demand 

; ,, ^, Medicines or Preparations. 

■ \ r... 

SCHEDULE C. 

For and upon erery packet, box, bottle, pot, vial, or other inclosure, con- 
taining any pills, powders, tinctures, troches, or lozenges, syrups, cor- 
dials, bitters, anodynes, tonics, plasters, liniments, salves, ointments, 
pastes, di-ops, waters, essences, spirits, oils, or other preparations or 
compositions whatsoever, made and sold, or removed for consumption 
and sale, by any person or i)ersons whatever, wherein the person mak- 
ing or preiJaring the same has, or claims to have, any private formula 
or occult secret or art for the making or j)reparing the same, or has, or 
claims to have, any exclusive right or title to the making or preparing 
the same, or which are prepared, uttered, vended, or exposed for sale 
under any letters patent, or held out or recommended to the public by 
the makers, venders, or proprietors thereof as proijrietary medicines, 
or as remedies or specifics for any disease, diseases, or afiections what- 
ever affecting the human or animal body, as follows : where such pack- 
et, box, bottle, vial, or other inclosure, with its contents, shall not ex' 
ceed, at the retail price or value, the sum of twenty-five cents, one cent '! 

Where such packet, box, bottle, pot, vial, or other inclosure, with its con- 
tents, shall exceed the retail price or value of 25 cents, and not exceed 
the retail price or value of 50 cents, two cents > 

Where such packet, box, bottle, pot, vial, or other inclosure, with its con- 
tents shall exceed the retail price or value of 50 cents, and shall not 
exceed the retail price or value of 75 cents, three cents 3 

Where such packet, box, bottle, j>ot, vial, or other inclosui-e, with its con- 
tents, shall exceed the retail price or value of 75 cents, and shall not 
exceed the retail price or value of $1, four cents i 

Where such packet, box, bottle, pot, vial, or other inclosure, with its con- 
tents, shall exceed the retail price or value of f 1, for each and every 
50 cents or fractional part thereof over and above the $1, as before- 
mentioned, an additional two cents 2 

4 



' ■ " STAMP DVTIES ^ 

Perfumery and Cosmetics. 

For »nd upon every packet, box, bottle, pot, vial, or other inclosure, con- 
taiaing any essence, extract, toilet water, cosmetic, bair oil, pomade, 
hair dressing, hair restorative, bair dye, tootb wash, dentifrice, tootb 
paste, aromatic cacbous, or any similar articles, by wbatsoever name tbe 
same have been, now are, or may hereafter be called, known, or distin- 
guished, used or applied, or to be iised or aj)plied as perfumes or appli- 
ca rtions to the hair, mouth, or skin, made, prejiared, and sold or re- 
moved for consumption and sale in the United States, where such 
packet, box, bottle, pot, vial, or other inclosure, with its contents, 
shall not exceed, at the retail j^rice or value, the sum of 25 cents, one 
cent 1 

Where such packet, bottle, box, pot, vial, or other inclosure, with its 
contents, shall exceed the retail price or value of 25 cents, and shall 
not exceed the retail price or value of 50 cents, two cents 2 

Where such packet, box, bottle, pot, vial, or other inclosure, with its 
contents, shall exceed the retail price or value of 50 cents, and shall 
not exceed the retail price or value of 75 cents, thi'ee cents 3 

Where such packet, box, bottle, pot, vial, or other inclosure, with its con- 
tents, shall exceed the retail price or vakie of 75 cents, and shall not 
exceed the retail price or value of $1, four cents 4 

Where ench packet, box, bottle, pot, %aal, or other inclosure, with its con- 
tents, shall exceed the retail price or value of $1, for each and every 
50 cents or fractional part thereof over and above the $1, as before 
mentioned, an additional two cents ~ 

Friction matches, or lucifer matches, or other articles made in part of 
wood, and used for like pui-poses, in parcels or packages containing 
100 matches or less, for each parcel or package, one cent 1 

When in parcels or packages containing more than 100 and not more 

than 200 matches, for each parcel or package, two cents ' 

And for every additional 100 matches, or fractional parts thereof, one 

cent - - 

For wax tapers, double the rates herein imposed upon friction or lucifer 
matches ; on cigar lights, made in part of wood, wax, glass, paper, or 
other materials, in parcels or packages containing 25 lights or less in 
each parcel or package, one cent - -- — ' 

When in parcels or jjackages containing more than 25 and not^more than 
50 lights, two cents ' 

For every additional 25 lights or fractional part of that number, one 
•ent additional.. 




42 



JfJTT FINANCE BILL. 



THE FINANCE BILL 



PASSED JUNE 20, 1871. 



Bbcttos' 1. The act entitled " An Act to Provide a Na- 
tional Currency, Secured by a Pledge of United States 
Bonds, and to provide for the Circulation and Redemp- 
tion thereof," approved June 3, 1864, shall be hereafter 
known as the National Bank Act. 

Sec. 2. That Section 81 of the National Bank Act be so 
amended that the several associations therein provided 
for shall not hereafter be required to keep on hand any 
amount of money whatever, by reason of the anioant of 
their respective circulations; but the moneys required 
by said section to be kept at all times on hand shall be 
determined by the amount of deposits, in all respects as 
provided for in the said section. 

Seg. 3. Thateverv association organized or to beorijan- 
l2ed!ujiderthe provisions of the said act, and of the several 
acts amendatory thereof, shall at all times keep and have 
on deposit in the Treasury of the United States, in lawful 
money of the United States, a sum equal to five per cent- 
um of its circulation, to be held and used for the redemp- 
tion of such circulation, which sum shall be counted as 
a part of its lawful reserve, as provided in Section 2 of 
this act, and when the circulating notes of any such as- 
sociations, assorted or unassorted, shall be presented for 
redemption in sums of $1,000 or any multiple thereof to 
the Treasurer of the United States, the same shall be re- 
deemed in United States notes. All notes so redeemed 
shall be charged by the Treasurer of the United States 
to the respective associations issuing the same, and he 
shall notify them severally on the first day of each month 
or oftener, at his discretion, of the amount of such re- 
demptions, and whenever such redemptions for any a.s- 
socia^ion shall amount to the sum of $500 .such associa- 
tion so notified shall forthwith deposit with the Treasurer 
of the United States a sum In United States notes equal 
to the amount of its circulating notes so redeemed ; and 
all notes of national banks worn, defaced, mutilated, or 
otherwise unfit for circulation shall, when received by 
amy Assistant Treasurer, or at any designated depository 
of the United States, be forwarded to the Treasurer of 
the United States for redemption, as provided herein ; 
and when such redemptions have been so reimbursed the 
circulating notes so redeemed shall be forwarded to the 
respective associations by which they were is.sued ; but 
if any such notes are worn, mutilated, detaced, or ren- 
dered otherwise unfit for use, they shall be forwarded to 
the Controller of the Currency and destroyed and re- 
placed as now provided by law. Provided, that each of 
said associations shall reimburse to the Treasury the 
charges for transportation and the co-sts for assorting 
such notes, and the associations hereafter organized shall 
also generally reimburse to the Treasury the cost of en- 
graving such plates as shall he ordered by each associa- 
tion respectively, and the amount assessed upon each 
association shall be in proportion to the circulation re- 
deemed, and be charged to the fund on deposit with the 
Treasurer ; and provided further, that so much of Sec- 
tion 32 of said National Bank Act recognizing, or permit- 
ting the redemption of its circulating notes elsewhere 
than at its own counter, except as provided for in this 
section, is hereby repealed. ^ , .,. 

Sec. 4. That any association organized under this act, 
or any of the acts to which tliis is an amendment, desir- 
ing to withdraw its circulating notes, in whole or in part, 
may upon the deposit of lawful money with the Treas- 
urer or the United States, in sums of not less than $9,000, 
take up the bonds which said association has on deposit 
with the Treasurer for the security of such circulating 
notes, which bonds shall be assigned to the banks in the 
manner specified in the nineteenth section of the Nation- 
al Bank Act, and the outstanding notes of said associa- 
tion to an amount equal to the legal-tender notes depos- 
ited, shall be redeemed at the Treasury of the United 
States and destroyed, as now provided by law ; provided 
that the amount of the bonds on deposit for circulation 
shall not be reduced below $50,000. 

Sec. 6. That the Controller of the Currency shall, un- 
der such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the 
Treasury may prescribe, cause the charter numbers of 
the association to be printed upon all national bank notes 
which may be hereafter issued by him. 

Sec. 6. That the amount of United States notes out- 
standing, and to be issued as a part of the circulating 
medium, shall not exceed the sum of $382JW0,000, which 



said sum shall apjJtar in eacU monthly stateuient of the 1 and for other purposes." 



public debt, and no part thereof shall be held or used &: 

* SEc''?%hat so much of the act, entitled An act to pro- 
vide for the redemption of the three per centum tempo- 
rary loan certificates, and lor an increase ol national i 
bank notes, as provided, that no circulation shall be • 
withdrawn under the provisions of Section 6 ot said act 
until after the $54,OdO,o6o granted in «'-'Cti|'»lo said act 
shall have been taken up, is hereby repealed, and it shall 
be the duty of the Controller of the Currency under the 
direction "of the Secretary of the Treasury, to proceed 
forthwith, and he is hereby authorized and required, 
from time to time, as application ^ha'^ ^'^ duly^made 
therefor and until the full amount ot the $54,oat,000 shall 
be withdrawn, to make a requisition on each ot the Na- 
tional Banks described in said' section, and m the man- 
ner therein provided, or.'anized in States having an ex- 
cess of circulation, to withdraw and return .^o much of 
thi.s circulation as by said act may be apportioned tn be 
withdrawn from them or in lieu thereol to d w-n in 
the Treasury of the United States lawful money sufluRUt 
to redeem such circulation, and upon the rnturii of the 
circulation reciuired, or the deposit of lawlul money as 
herein provided, a proportionate amount ot the bonds 
held to secure the eircuiafion of ."such as.-uciation asshall 
make such return or depo.-;it, shall be surrendered to it. 

Sec. 8. That upon the failure of the National Banks 
upon which requisitions for circulation shall be made or 
ot any of them, to return the amount remiired, or to de- 
posit in the Treasury lawful money to ndi , m the circu- 
lation required within thirty days, the C; iitroll.r ol the 
Currency shall at once sell, as provid. d in hection 49, ol 
the National Currency Act, approved June 3, 18t4. bonds 
held to secure the redemption of the circulation of the 
association or associations which shall so tail to an 
amount sufficient to redeem the eirculatinn reqiured ol 
such association or associations, and with the proceeds 
which shall be deposited in the TreasuiT ot the United 
States so mnch of the circulation of said association or 
associations shall be redeemed as will equal the amount 
reqiured and not returned; and if there be any excesi- 
of proceeds over the amount required for such redemp- 
tion it shall be returned to the association or associaticns 
whose bonds shall have been sold ; and it >liall be the du- 
ty of the Treasurer, Assistant Treasurers, desi^.'iiau'd de- 
positaries and National Bank depositaries of the I luted 
States, who shaU be kept informed by the Controller ot 
the Currency of such associations as shall fail to retuin 
circulation as required, to assort and re turn to the Tn as 
urer for redemption the notes of such associations at 
shall come into their hands until the amount required 
shall be redeemed, and in like manner to assort and re 
turn to the Treasury for redemption the notes of such ^a■ 
tional Banks as have failed or gone into voliintary liqui 
dation for the purpose of winding up their affairs ot sucl; 
as shall hereafter so fail or go into liquidation. 

Sec. 9. That from and after the passage ot this act id 
shall be lawful for the -Controller of the Currency, and he 
is hereby ordered, to issue circulating notes withiait de 
lay as applications therefor are made, not to exceed the 
sum of $55,000,000, to associations organized or to be or- 
ganized, in those States and Territories having less thai;, 
their proportion of circulation under an apportionment 
made on the basis of population and of wealth as sht.wr 
bv the returns of the census of 1870, and every associa 
tion hereafter organized shall be subject to and be gov 
erned by the rule.s, restrictions, and limitations, and pos 
sess the rights, privileges, and franchises now orhereaifei 
to be prescribed by law as National Banking Associations 
with the same power to amend, alter and repeal pro 
vided by the National Bank Act, provided that the whtMe 
amount of circulation withdrawn and removed from the 
banks transacting business shall not exceed $55,0(k ,uuu 
and that such circulation shall be withdrawn, and re 
deetned as shall be necessary to supply the circulatioi 
previously issued to the banks in those States having lesi 
than their apportionment; and provided further, tha' 
not more than $30,000,000 shall be withdrawn and re 
deemed, as herein contemplated, during the fiscal yean 
ending June 30, 1875. 
Thelitle of the bill is amended to read as rollows: 
" An act to fix the amount of United States notes, pro. 
vide for the redistribution of the national bank currency, 



HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. 



The City of Philadelphia contributed liberally to the /efxpense of 
this building. It is located. on Lansdowne Terrace, a little north of 
the Main Exhibition Building, and commands a vi/iw of the Schuyl- 
kill river and portions of the city. The building ,1s 383 feet long, 193 
feet wide, and 72 feet high. This edifice is intended as a permanent 
ornament to the park. It is in the MauresqUe style of architecture 
of the twelfth century, the external materials being principally iron 
and glass. The location of this building', together with its extreme- 
ly ornate appearance, render it one of the most attractive of the 
group erected by the Commission. The main floor is occupied by the 
central conservatory, 230 by 80 feet and 55 feet high, surmounted by 
a lantern 170 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 11 feet high. Running 
entirely around this conservatory, at a height of 20 feet from the floor, 
is a gallery five feet wide; on the north and south sides of this prin- 
cipal room, are four forcing houses, for the propagation of young 
plants, each of them 100 by 30 feet, covered with curved roofs of 
iron and glass. Dividing the two forcing houses in each of these 
sides is a vestibule 30 feet square. At the centre of the east and 
west ends are similar vestibules, on either side of which are the res- 
taurants, reception room, offices, etc. From the vestibules ornamental 
stairways lead to the internal galleries of the conservatory, as well 
as to the four external galleries, each 100 feet long and 10 feet wide, 
which surmount the roof of the forcing houses. These external gal- 
leries are connected with a grand promenade, formed by the roofs of 
, the rooms on the ground floor, which has a superficial area of 1,880 
square yards. The east and west entrances are approached by flights 
of blue marble steps from terraces 80 by 20 feet, in the centre of 
which stands an open kiosque. Eight ornamental fountains adorn 
the main conservatory. John Rice, the contractor, was paid $253,937 
for the erection, exclusive of the expense of hea'ing .-'pparatus. 



TAHirr OF THE UNITED STATES. 43 



TARIFF OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Teeasuey Depaetment, I 
Washington, Aligns' 21, 1874. ) 

The attention of collectors and other officers of customs is called to the annexed 
verified copy of so ranch of the act of June 22, 1874 , entitled " An act to revise and 
consolidate the Statutes of the United States in force on the iirst day of December, 
1873,'' as relates to the assessment and collection of duties on imports, and, es- 
pecially, to the repealing clauses of this act and the following explanations in regard 
thereto. 

The act of June 22, 1874, referred to, by its terms, an authoritative interpretation 
ot the law as it existed on December 1, 1873, and in addition, an absolute repeal of 
all former and other acts vrhatever, relative to duties upon imports, from and after 
June 22, 1874. In its character as an interj^retation and legislative construction of 
acts in force December 1, 1873, it is not, however, mandatory as against any duly- 
authorized construction prevailiug previous to the date of its enactment. In the 
absence of such authorized construction holding adversely, either of the courts or of 
the Secretary of the Treasury, its interpretation must be complied with. 

After June 22, 1874, however, its requirements are absolute law, to be enforced 
upon all importations, without provision for time elapsing or for the date of being 
put on shipboard at any foreign port, or any other condition or reservation whatever. 

Although many of the points to be noticed, as regards the practical effect of this 
statement, have already been explained, it may be well to eite them, so far as they 
have been brought to the attention oi' this Department. Several clauses of the 
tariff acts of March 2, 1861, and July 14, 1862, which were at first supposed to be 
modified or repealed by the act of June 30, 1864, and subsequent acts, but which 
were revived at various times through decisions of the courts or of this Department, 
are decisively excluded from the present act, and therefore cease to have force after 
the date of its passage. Among these are, tirst, the rate ot duty on certain descrip- 
tions of linens, viz: "Drills, coatings, brown Hollands, blay linens, damasks," 
which, being names or descriptions mentioned in the acts of 1861 and 1862, were 
not repeated in the acts of 1864. Also, a class of articles coming under the general 
designation of "Manufactures not otherwise provided for, composed of mixed 
materials in part of cotton, silk, wool, or worsted, hemp, jute, or flax, " the rate of 
duty imposed by these two acts being 35 per cent, ad valorem. Many fabrics have 
remained chargeable with duty under authority of this clause, but no such classifica- 
tion is continued in the act of June 22, 1874, all goods formerly so classed being now 
(fharged with duty according to their identity with, or assimilation to, other defined 
classes. Section 2499 of said act affords a general guide to such classification. 

Also in regard to several miscellaneous articles, viz: " Argols, other than crude," 
which paid variable rates under former decisions, but which, subsequent to June 
22, 1874, pay 6c. per pound; also castile soap, which, after paying duty under the 
act of 1864 for a long period, was restored to the rate of duty prescribed by the acts 
of 1861 and 1862. By the present act, the rate prescribed in the act of 1864 alone 
has force. 

Bearing in mind the intention not to repeal or alter' any actually existing law, as 
properly interpreted on December 1, 1873, it becomes practicable to interpret the 
relation which those portions of the act of June 6, 1872, reducing duties on certain 
imports 10 per cent., have to other acts as arranged in the text of the present law. 
As in the act of 1872 the word "herein" applied to aU sections of the act, it might 
be inferred that the same word in the present act has the same range of apphcation, 
and that therefore the abatement of 10 per cent, would not be allowed on any 
"metals or manufactures of metals" enumerated in the sections subsequent to 
section 2503 of the present law. But it was clearly not the intention to change the 
then existing law in that respect, and as the act declares that no inference adverse 
to the intent of the law shall be drawn from the position which any section or clause 
has toward any other section or clause, ofi&cers of the customs are directed to apply 
the 10 per cent, reduction to all articles included in, and not duly excepted from, 
its application in the act of 1872. This revision, however, interprets the exception 
of several items, and includes in such exception "Books and other printed matter," 
the rate of duty on which has been considered open to doubt in this respect. 
"Books and other printed matter" will hereafter pay the prescribed duty without 
the reduction of 10 per cent., but no "metals or manufacture of metals" entitled to 
such reduction under the act of 1852 will be excluded from it under the present 



4A 



TAEIFF OF THE trNITED STATES. 



law. "Tin in plates or sheets, terne, and tagger's tin, iron and tin plates galvan- 
ized or coated with any metal by electric batferies; and moisio iron," are, by the 
act of 1872, excepted from the operation of the 10 per cent, reduction, and will 
continue to be so excepted. ^„ ,„„. ,., . . 

Attention is called to section 2499 of the law of June 22, 1874, which is impor- 
tant as a guide to the construction of other sections and clauses of the same act. 
This section declares that "K any non-enumerated article equally resembles two 
or more enumerated articles on which different rates of duty are chargeable, there 
shall be levied, collected and paid on such non-emmierated article the same rate of 
duty as is chargeable on the article which it resembles paying the highest duty, and 
on all articles manufactured from two or more materials, the duty shall be assessed 
at the highest rates at which any of its component parts may be chargeable. 

It may be said, generally, that the associated sections of the several tariff acts m 
force December 1, 1873, in regard to standards, samples, appraisement, custody of 
merchandise, and other conditions associated with the collection of duties on im- 
ported merchandise, are in no way affected by, or repealed by, the act of June 22, 
1874 They are simply separated from their former coimection in the arrangement 
adoptedintheIlevi«edStatutes. ^^ ^ BBISTOW, Secretary. 

TITLE LXXIV. 

REPEIL PROTSSIOSS. 

Sec. 5595. The foregoing 73 titles embrace the statutes of the United States 
general and pei-manent in their nature, in force on the 1st day of December, 1873 , as 
revised and cousolidatedby commissioners appointed under an act of Congress, and 
the same shall be designated and cited, as the Revised Statutes of the United States. 

Sec. 5596. All acts of Congress passed prior to said 1st day of December, 1873, 
any portion of which is embraced in any section of said revision, are hereby 
repealed, and the section applicable thereto shall be in force in lieu thereof ; all 
parts of such acts not contained in such revision, having been repealed or super- 
seded by subsequent acts, or not being genei-al or permanent in their nature: Fro- 
vided, That the incorporation into said revision of any general and permanent 
provision, taken from an act making appropriations, or from an act containing 
other provisions of a private, local, or temporary character, shall not repeal, or in 
any way affect any appropriation, or any provision of a private, local, or temporary 
character, contained in any of said acts, but the same shall remain m force; and all 
acts of Congress passed prior to said last named day no part of which are embraced 
in said revision, shall not be affected or changed by its enactment. _ • 

Sec. 5597. The repeal of the several acts embraced in said revision, shall not 
affect any act done, or anv right accruing or accraed, or any suit or proceeding had 
or commenced in any civil cause before the said repeal, but all rights and liabihties 
imder said acts shall continue, and may be enforced in the same manner, as if said 
repeal had not been made; nor shaU said repeal, in any manner affect the right to 
any ofi&ce, or change the term or tenure thereof. _ 

Sec 5598. All offences committed, and all penalties or forfeitures incurred under 
any statute embraced in said revision prior to said repeal, may be prosecuted and 
punished in the same manner and with the same effect, as if said repeal had not 

been made. ,.,,,••, ^ a 

Sec 5599. All acts of limitation, whether apphcable to cml causes and proceed- 
ing or to the prosecution of offences, or for the recovery of penalties or forfeitures, 
embraced in said revision and covered by said repeal, shall not be affected thereby, 
but aU suits, proceedings or prosecutions, whether civil or criminal, for caus^ 
arising or acts done or committed prior to said repeal, may be commenced and 
prosecuted within the same time as if said repeal had not been made. 

Sec 5600. The arrangement and classification of the several sections of the re- 
vision have been made for the purpose of a more convenient and orderly arrange- 
ment of the same, and therefore no inference or presumption of a legislative con- 
struction is to be drawn by reason of the title, under which any particular section 

^^ Sec 5601 The enactment of the said revision is not to affect or repeal any act 
of Congress passed since the 1st day of December, 1873, and all acts passed since 
that date are to have fuU effect as if passed after the enactment of this revision and 
so far as such acts vary from, or conflict with any provision contained in saidre- 
vision, they are to have effect as subsequent statutes, and as repealing any portion 
of the revision inconsistent therewith. 



'TAEIET OF THE TTNITED STATESii. " •'" 46 

■a>,y. ,^ 

TITLE XXXIII. . 

DUTIES UPOI IMPORTS. 

Sec. 2491. All persons are prohibited from importing into the United States; 
from any foreign country, any obscene book, pamphlet, paper, writing, advertise- 
ment, circular, print, picture, drawing, or other representation, figure, or image on 
or of paper or other material, or any cast, instrument, or other article of an immoral 
nature, or any drug or medicine, or any article whatever, for the prevention of 
conception, or for causing unlawful abortion. No invoice or package whatever, or 
any part of one, in which any such articles are contained shall be admitted to entry; 
and all invoices and packages whereof any such articles shall compose a part, are 
liable to be proceeded against, seized, and forfeited by due course of law. All such 
prohibited articles in the course of importation shall be detained by the officer of 
customs, and proceedings taken against the same as prescribed in the following 
section: Provided, That the drugs hereinbefore mentioned, when imported in bulk 
and not put up for any of the purposes hereinbefore specified, are excepted from the 
operation of this section. 

Sec. 24.92. Any judge of any district or circuit court of the United States, within 
the proper district, before whom complaint in writing of any violation of the pre- 
ceding section is made, to the satisfaction of such judge, and founded on know- 
ledge or belief, and, if upon belief, setting forth the grounds of such belief, and 
supported by oath or affirmation of the complainant, may issue comformably to the 
Constitution, a warrant directed to the marshal, or any deputy marshal, in the 
proper district, directing him to search for, seize, and take possession of any such 
article or thing hereinbefore mentioned, and to make due and immediate return 
thereof, to the end that the same may be condemned and destroyed by proceedings, 
which shall be conducted in the same manner as other proceedings in case of 
municipal seizure, and with the same right of appeal or writ of error. 

Sec. 2493. The importation of neat cattle and the hides of neat cattle from any 
foreign country into the United States is prohibited: Provided, That the operation 
of this section shall be suspended as to any foreign country or countries, or anj" 
parts of such country or countries, whenever the Secretary of the Treasuiy shall 
officially determine, and give public notice thereof, that such importation will not 
tend to the introduction or spread of contagious or infectious diseases among the 
cattle of the United States; and the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized 
and empowered, and it shall be his duty, to make all necessai-y orders and regula- 
tioDS to carry this law into effect, or to suspend the same as therein provided, and to 
send copies thereof to the proper officers in the United States, and to such officers 
or agents of the United States in foreign countries as he shall judge necessary. 

Sec. 2494. The President of the United States, whenever in his judgement the 
importation of neat cattle and the hides of neat cattle maybe made without danger 
of the introduction or spread of contagious or infectious disease among the cattle 
of the United States, may, by proclamation, declare the provisions of the preceding 
section to be inoperative, and the same shall be afterward inoperative and of no 
effect from and after thirty days from the dote of said proclamation. 

Sec. 2495. Any person convicted of a willful violation of any of the provisions 
of the two preceding sections, shall be fined not exceeding $500, or imprisoned not 
exceeding one year, or both, in the discretioji of the court. 

Sec. 2496. No watches, watch-cases, watch-movements, or parts' of watch-movo- 
ments, of foreign manufacture, which shall copy or simulate the name or trade- 
mark of any domestic manufacturer, shall be admitted to entry at the custom- 
houses of the United States, unless such domestic manufacturer is the importer of 
the same. And in order to aid the officers of the customs in enforcing this prohibi- 
tion, any domestic manufacturer of watches who has adopted trade-marks may 
require his name and residence and a description of his trade-marks to be recorded 
in books which shall be kejit for that purpose in the Department of the Treasury, 
under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe, and may 
fiUTiish to the Department fac-similes of such trade-marks, and thereupon the Secre- 
tary of the Treasury shall cause one or more coiiies of the same to be transmitted to 
each collector or other proper officer of the customs. 

Sec. 2497. No goods, wares, or merchandise, unless in cases provided for by 
treaty, shall be imported into the United States from any foreign port or place, except 
in vessels of the United States, or in such foreign vessels as truly and wholly belong 
to the citizens or subjects of that country of which the goods are the growth, pro- 
duction, or manufacture ; or from which such goods, wares, or merchandise can only 
be, or most usually are, first shipped for transportation. All goods, waras, or mar- 



46 TAMTF or THE UNITED STATES. 

chandise imported contrary to this section, and the vessel wherein the same shall 
be imported, together with her cargo, tackle, apparel and furniture, shall be forfeited 
to the United States, and such goods, wares or merchandise, ship or vessel and 
cargo shall be liable to be seized, prosecuted, and condemned in like manner, and 
under the same regulations, restrictions and provisions, as have been heretofore 
established for the recovery, collection, distribution and remission of forfeitures to 
the United States by the several revenue laws. 

Sec. 2498. The preceding section shall not apply to vessels, or goods, wares, or 
merchandise, imported in vessels of a foreign nation which does not maintain a 
similar regulation against vessels of the United States. 

Sec. 2499. There shall be levied, collected and paid, on each and every non-enu- 
merated article which bears a similitude, either in material, quality, texture, or the 
use to which it may be applied to any article enumerated in this Title, as charge- 
able with duty, the same rate of duty which is levied and charged on the enumera- 
ted article which it mostly resembles in any of the particulars before mentioned, 
and if any non-enutaerated article .equally resembles two or more enumerated arti- 
cles, on which difterent rates of duty are chargeable, there shall be levied, collected 
and paid, on such non-enumerated article, the same rate of duty as is chargeable on the 
article which it resembles paying the highest duty; and on all articles manufactured 
from two or more materials, the duty shall be assessed at the highest rates at which 
any of its component parts may be chargeable. 

Sec. 2500. Upon the re-importation of articles once exported, of the growth, 
product, or manufacture of the United States, upon which no internal tax has been 
assessed or paid, or upon which such tax hiis been paid and refunded by allowance 
or drawback, there shall be levied , collected and paid a duty equal to the tax im- 
posed by the internal-revenue laws upon such articles. 

Sec. 2501. There shall be levied, collected and paid on all goods, wares and mer- 
chandise of the growth or produce of the countries east of the Cape of Good Hope, 
(except wool, raw cotton and raw silk, as reeled from the cocoon, or not further 
advanced than tram, thrown, or organzine,) when imported from places west of the 
Cape of Good Hope, a duty of 10 per cent, ad valorem in addition to the duties 
imposed on any such article when imported directly from the place or places of 
their growth or production. 

Sec. 2502. A discriminating duty of 10 per cent, ad valorem, in addition to 
the duties imposed by law, shall be levied, collected and paid on all goods, wares 
and merchandise which shall be imported in vessels not of the United States; but 
this discriminating duty shall not apply to goods, wares and merchandise which 
shall be imported in vessels not of the United States, entitled, by treaty or any act 
af Congress, to be entered in the ports of the United States on payment of the 
same duties as shall then be paid on goods, wares and merchandise imported in 
vessels of the United States. 

Sec. 2503. There shall be levied, collected and paid upon all articles mentioned 
in the scheduler contained in the next section, imported from foreign countries, the 
rates of duty which are by the schedules respectively prescribed : Provided, That on 
the goods, wares and merchandise in this section enmuerated and provided for, im- 
ported from foreign countries, there shall be levied, collected and paid only 90 per 
cent, of the several duties and rates of duty imposed by the said schedules upon said 
articles severally, that is to say: 

On all manufactures of cotton of which cotton is the component part of chief 
value. 

On all wools, hair of the alpaca, goat, and other animals, and all manufactures 
wholly or in part of wool or hair of the alpaca and other Uke animals, except um- 
brellas, parasols, and sun-shades covered with silk or alpaca. 

On all iron and steel, and on all manufactures of iron and steel, of which such 
metals er either of them shall be the component part of chief value, excepting cot- 
ton machinery. 

On all metals not herein otherwise provided for, and on all manufactures of 
metals of which either of them is the component part of chief value, excepting 
percussion caps, watches, jewelry, and other articles of ornament: Provided, That 
all wire rope and wire strand or chain made of iron wire, either bright, coppered, 
galvanized, or coated with other metals, shall pay the same rate of duty that is now 
levied on the iron wire of which said rope or strand or chain is made, and all wire 
rope, and wire strand or chain made of steel wire, either bright, coppered, galvan- 
ized or coated with other metals, shall pay the same rate of duty that is now levied 
on the steel wire of which said rope or strand or chain is made. 

On all paper, and manufactures of paper, excepting unsized printing-paper, 
books and other printed matter, and excepting sized or glued paper suitable only 
for printing-paper. 



T AT^.rm r OF THE TINITED STATES. 47 

- > • K 

On all manufactures of India-rabber, gutta-percha, or straw, and on oil-cloths of 

all descriptions. . ^ xmi . _.i 

On glass and glass ware, and on unwrought pipe-clay, hue clay and tuUers eartn. 

On all leather not otherwise herein provided for, and on all manufactures of 
skins, bone, ivory, horn and leather, except gloves and mittens, and of which 
either of said articles is the component part of chief value; and on licquonce- 
paste or liquorice juice. 

Schedule A.— Cotton ajsd Cotton Goods.* 

Sec. 2504. On all manufactures of cotton (except jeans, denims, drillings, bed 
tickings, ginghams, plaids, cottonades, pantaloon stuff, and Uke goods) not 
bleached, colored, stained, painted, or printed, not exceeding 100 threads to the 
square inch, counting the warp and tilhug, and exceeding in weight 5 ounces per 
square yard, 5c. per square yard; if bleached, 5|c. ; if colored, stained, painted, or 
printed, Sic, and 10 per cent, ad valorem. 

On finer and lighter goods of like description, not exceeding 200 threads to square 
inch, counting the warp and filling, unbleached, 5c. per square yard; if bleached, 
5ic. ; if colored, stained, painted, or printed, 5hc., and 20 per cent. On like goods 
exceeding 200 threads to the square inch, counting the warp and filling, unbleached, 
5c. per square yard; if bleached, 5ic. ; if colored, stained, painted, or printed, 5^c. 
and 20 per centum. On cotton jeans, denims, drillings, bed-tickings, ginghams, 
plaids, cottonades, pantaloon stuffs, and like goods, or for similar use, if unbleached, 
and not exceeding 100 threads to the square inch, counting the warp and filling, 
and exceeding 5 ounces to the square yard, 6c. per square yard; if bleached, 6^c. ; 
if colored, stained, painted, or printed, 6.',c., and 10 per centum. On finer, or 
lighter goods of like description, not exceeding 200 threads to the square inch, 
counting the warp and filling, if unbleached, 6c. per square yard; if bleached, 
6ic. ; if colored, stained, painted, or printed, 6.^c. and 15 per cent. On goods 
of Ughter description, exceeding 200 threads to the square inch, counting the 
warp and filling, if unbleached, 7c. per square yard; if bleached, 7^c. ; if colored, 
stained, painted, or printed, 7|c. and 15 per cent. Provided, that upon all plain 
woven cotton goods, not included in the foregoing schedule, unbleached valued 
at over 16c. per square yard; bleached, valued at over 20c.; colored valued at 
over 25c., and cotton jeans, denims and drilUngs, unbleached, valued at over 
20c., and all other cotton goods of every description, the value of which shaU 
exceed 25c. per square vard, there shall be levied, coUected, and paid, a duty of 35 
per cent, ad valorem: And provided fur Iher, That no cotton goods having more than 
200 threads to the square inch, counting the warp and filling, shall be admitted to 
a less rate of duty than is provided for goods which are of that number ot threads. 

Cotton thread, yarn, warps, or warp-yarn, not wound upon spools, whether single 
or advanced beyond single by twisting two or more single yams together, whether 
on beams or in bundles, skeins, or cops, or in any other form, valued at not ex- 
ceeding 40c. per pound, 10c. per pound; valued at over 40c., and not exceeding 
60c., 20c. per pound; valued at over 60c. and not exceeding 80c., 30c. per pound; 
valued at over 80c., 40c. per pound; and, in addition to such rates of duty, 20 per 
cent. Spool-thread of cotton, 6c. per dozen spools, containing on each spool not 
exceeding 100 vards, and, in addition, 30 per cent; exceeding 100 yards for every 
additional 100 yards of thread on each spool or fractional part thereof, m excess ot 
100 yards, 6c. per dozen and 35 per cent. Cotton cords, gimps, and galloons and 
cotton laces colored, 35 per cent. n ix i, • 

Cotton shirts and drawers, woven or made on frames, and on aU cotton hosiery, 
35 per cent. 

Cotton velvet, 35 per cent. 

Cotton braids, insertings, lace, trimming, or bobbinet, and all other manufactures 
of cotton, not otherwise provided for, 35 per cent. 

Schedule B.— Eaeths and Eakthekn Waees. 

Brown earthern ware and common stone ware, gas-retorts, stone ware not orna- 
mented, 25 per cent. , -i - 

China, porcelain, and Parian ware, gilded, ornamented, or decorated m any 
manner, 50 per cent. . 

China, porcelain, and Parian ware, plain and white, and not decorated m any 
manner, 45 per cent. ; all other earthern, stone, or crockery ware, white glazed, 
edged, printed, painted, dipped, or cream-colored, composed of earthy or mineral 
substances, not otherwise provided for, 40 per cent. 

Stone ware above the capacity of ten gallons, 20 per cent. 

Slates, slate-pencils, slate chimney-pieces, mantels, slabs for tables and aU otfier 
manufactures of slate, 40 per cent Roofing slates, 35 per cent. 

*P«r cent., in all cases, means per centum ad valorem. 



^ TAKTFT OF THE TTiaTEB STAIHS* 

s . "■' 

Unwrought clay,"pipe-clay, fire-clay, $5 pertoa. ■ 

Kaoline, $5 per ton. ). 

On fullers' earth, $3 per ton. ' 

Eed and French chaUi, 20 per cent. 

Chalk not otherwise provided for, 25 per'cent.. ; 

Whiting and Paris-white, Ic. per pound- ■ 

Whiting ground in oil, 2c. per pound. 

Paris white ground in oil, l^c. per pound. ., 

All plain and mould and pre*ss glass not cut," engraved, or painted, 35 per cent 

All articles of glass, cut, engraved, painted, colored, printed, stained, silvered, 
or gilded, not including plate-glass silvered, or looking glass plates, 40 per cent 

All unpolished cylinder, crown, and common window-glass, not exceeding 10x15 
inches square, l^c. per pound; above that and not exceeding 16x24 inches, 2c. per 
pound; above that and not exceeding 24x30 inches, 2ic. per pound; all above that, 
3c. per pound. 

Cylinder and crown glass, polished, not exceeding lOx 15 inches square, 2ic. per 
square foot; above that, and not exceeding 16 x 24 inches, 4c. per foot; above that 
and not exceeding 24 s 30 inches, 6c. per foot; above that and not exceeding 24 x 60 
inches, 20c. per foot; all above that, 40c. per square foot. 

Fluted, rolled, or rough plate-glass, not including crown, cylinder, or common 
window-glass, not exceeding 10x15 inches square, 75c. per 100 square feet; above 
that and not exceeding 16x24 inches, Ic. per foot; above that and not exceeding 
24x30 inches, l|c. per foot; all above that, 2c. per square foot. And all fluted, 
rolled, or rough" plate-glass, weighing over 100 pounds per 100 square feet, shall 
pay an additional duty on the excess at the same rates. 

Cast polished plate-glass, unsilvered, not exceeding 10x15 inches square, 3c. per 
square foot; above that and not exceeding 16x24 inches, 5c. per foot; above that 
and not exceeding 24 x 30 inches, 8c. per foot; above that and not exceeding 24 x 60 
inches, 25c. per foot; all above that, 60c. per square foot. 

Cast polished plate-glass, silvered, or looking-glass plates not exceeding 10 x 15 
inches square, 4c. per square foot; above that and not exceeding 16x 24 inches, 6c. 
per foot; above that and not exceeding 24x 30 inches, 10c. per foot; above that and 
not exceeding 24x60 inches, 35c. per foot; all above that, 60c, per square foot. 
But no looking-glass plates or plate-glass, silvered, when framed, shall pay a less 
rate of duty than that imposed upon similar glass of like description not framed, 
but shall be liable to pay in addition 30 per cent, upon such frames. 

Glass bottles or jars fiUed with articles not otherwise provided for, 30 per cent. 
Porcelain and Bohemian glass, glass crystals for watches, glass pebbles for spec- 
tacles, not rough ; paintings on glass or glasses, and all manufactures of glass, or of 
which glass shall be a component material, not otherwise provided for, and all glass 
bottles or jars filled with sweetmeats or preserves, not otherwise provided for, 40 
per ceutuiE ad valorem. 

ScHEDtriiE C. — Hemp, Jute, akd Flax Goods. 

Flax-straw, $5 per ton. 

Flax not hackled or dressed, $20 per ton. 

Flax hackled, known as ' ' dressed line," $40 per ton. 

Hemp, Manilla, and other like substances for hemp, not^otherwise provided for, 
$25 per ton. 

Tow of flax or hemp, $10 per ton. 

Jute, sunn and Sisal-grass, and other vegetable substances not enumerated, used 
for cordage, $15 per ton. 

Brown and bleached linens, ducks, canvas, paddings, cot bottoms, diapers, crash, 
huckabucks, handkerchiefs, lawns, or other manufactures of flax, jute, or hemp, or 
of which flax, jute, or hemp shall iQe the material of chief value, not otherwise pro- 
vided for, valued at 30c. or less per square yard, 35 per cent. ; valued at above 30c. 
per yard, 40 per cent.; flax or linen yarns for carpets, not exceeding number 8 Lea, 
and valued at 24c. or less per pound, 30 per cent. ; flax or linen yarns valued at 
above 24c. per pound, 35 per cent. ; flax or linen thread, twine and pack thread, and 
all other manufactures of flax, or of which flax shall be the material of chief value, 
not otherwise provided for, 40 per cent. 

Thread lace and insertings, 30 per cent. 

On all burlaps, and like manufactures of flax, jute, or hemp, or of which flax, 
jute, or hemp shall be the material of chief value, excepting such as may be suit- 
able for bagging for cotton, 30 per cent. 

Oil-cloth foundations or floor-cloth canvas, made of flax, jute, or hemp, or of 
which flax, jute, or hemp shall be the material of chief value, 40 per cent. ; gunny- 



ART GAIiLERY. 



Three-hundred feet northward of the Main Exhibition Building, 
on Landsdo-wne Plateau, is located the Art Gallery, designed as a 
Memorial of the Centennial Exhibition, and a repository for Paint- 
ings, Statuary, and other works of Art. It is built of granite, glass 
and iron. The building is fire-proof, 365 feet in length, 210 feet in 
width, 59 feet in height, has a spacious basement, and is surmounted 
by a dome. The dome rises from the centre of the edifice, 150 feet 
from the ground. The large figure on the dome personates Columbia. 
The figures at each corner of the dome typify the four quarters of 
the globe. Tho entrance is by three arched doorways, each 40 feet 
high and 15 feet wide, opening into a hall. The main cornice is sur- 
mounted by a balustrade with candelabras. Each pavilion displays 
a window 30 feet high and 12 feet wide; it is also ornamented with 
tile work, wreaths of oak and laurel, 13 stars in frieze, and a colossal 
eagle at each of its four corners. The arcades, a general feature in 
the old Roman villas, but entirely novel here, are intended to screen 
the long walls of the gallery. The main entrance opens on a hall 82 
feet long, 60 feet wide, and 53 feet high, richly decorated; on the 
farther side of this hall, three door-ways, each 16 feet wide and 25 feet 
high, open into the centre hall; this hall is 83 feet square, the ceiling 
of the dome rising over it 80 feet in height. From its east and west 
sides extend the galleries, each 98 feet long, 84 feet wide, and 35 feet 
in height. These galleries admit of temporary divisions for the 
more advantageous display of paintings. The centre hall and galler- 
ies form one grand hall 287 feet long and 85 feet wide, and holding 
8,000 persons. R. J. Dobbins was the builder, the contract price 
being $2,199,273. The expense of this building was borne by the 
State of Pennsylvania and the city of Philadelphia. 

Addition to the Abt Gallery. — The contract for the erection of the 
addition to Memorial Hall has been awarded to R. J. Dobbins. The 
building will be about 100 feet in the rear of Memorial Hall, and its 
appearance will, in its general features, be the same as that of Memo- 
rial HaU. It will be of brick, overcast with cement, painted to repre- 
sent granite, and with front and side elevations. The exterior walls 
will be broken by arches and pilasters. The total length of the 
building will be 350 feet, and its width 186 feet. It will cover about 
an acre of ground. The walls will be lined with asbestos to render it 
fire-proof, and the building will be amply lighted by sky-lights, the 
interior walls being 10 feet high, affording excellent facilities for ob- 
taining a good light on all the pictures. The ground plan will be 
divided into two large galleries, each 101 feet 6 inches long and 40 
feet wide, and 24 smaller galleries, each 40 by 40 feet. There will be 
a passage-way 20 feet wide, extending the entire length of the build- 
ing, which, with a shorter passage-way, will bo utilized for the exhi- 
bition of water-color paintings. 



TAEIFF OF THE UNITED STATES. 49 

eloth, not bagging, valued at 10c. or less per square yard, 3c. per pound; over 10c. 
per yard, 4c. per pouud. 

On bagging for cotton, or other manufactures, not otherwise provided for, suit- 
able to the Uk.es for which cotton bagging is applied, composed in Avhole or in part 
of hemp, jute, flax, gunny -bags, gunny-cloth, or other material, and valued at 7c. 
or less per square yard, 2c. per pound; valued at over 7c. per yard, 3c. per pound. 

Bags , cotton bags and bagging, and all like manufactures, not otherwise provided 
for, ^except bagging for cotton, ) wholly or in part of flax, hemp, jute, gunny-cloth, 
gunny-bags, or other material, 40 per cent. 

Tarred cables or cordage, 3c. per pound. 

Untarred Manilla cordage, 2^c. per pound. 

Other untarred cordage, 3 Jc. per pound. 

Hemp yarn, 5c. per pound. 

Seines, 6Jc. per pound. 

Sail-duck or canvas for sails, 30 per cent. 

Russia and other sheetings of flax or hemp, brown and white, 35 per cent 

Other manufactures of hemp, or of which hemp shall be the material of chief 
value, not otherwise provided for, 30 per cent. 

Grass-cloth, 30 per cent. Jute yarns, 25 per cent. AU other manufactures of 
jute or Sisal-grass, not provided for, 30 per cent. 

SCHEDXJLE D. — LiQUOES. 

Wines imported in casks, containing not more than 22 per cent, of alcohol, valued 
at not exceeding 40c. per gallon, 25c. per gallon ; valued at over 40c. , and not over 
$1, 60c. per gallon; valued at over $1, $1 per gallon, and, in addition thereto, 25 
per cent. 

Wines of all kinds, imported in bottles, not otherwise provided for, the same 
rate per gallon as wines imported in casks. But all bottles containing 1 quart or 
less, and more than one pint, shall be held to contain one quart, and all bottles 
containing one pint or less shall be held to contain one pint, and shall pay in ad- 
dition 3c. for each bottle. 

Champagne and all other sparkling wines, in bottles, containing each not more 
than 1 quart and more than 1 pint, $6 per dozen bottles ; not more than 1 pint each, 
and more than | pint, $3 per dozen; J pint each, or less, $1.50 per dozen; and in 
bottles containing more than 1 quart each, shall pay, in addition to $6 per dozen 
bottles, at the rate of $2 per gallon on the quantity in excess of 1 quart per bottle. 
But any liquors containing more than 22 per cent, of alcohol, which shall be 
entered under the name of wine, shall be forfeited to the United States. Wines, 
brandy, and other spirituous liqi;ors imported in bottles shall be packed in pack- 
ages of not less than 1 dozen bottles in each package ; and all such bottles shall pay 
an additional duty of 3c: for each bottle. No allowance shall be made for breakage 
unless such breakage is actually ascertained by count, and certified by a custom- 
house appraiser. 

Brandy and other spirits manufactured or distilled from grain or other materials, 
not otherwise provided for, $2 per proof-gallon. Each and every gauge or wine 
gallon of measurement shall be counted as at least one proof-gaUon, and the stan- 
dard for determining the jjroof of brandy and other spirits, and of wine or liquors 
of any kind imxjorted, shall be the same as that defined in the laws relating to in- 
ternal revenue. But brandy or spirituous liquors imported in casks of less capacity 
than 14 gallons shall be forfeited to the United States. 

On all compounds or preparations of which distilled spirits is a component part 
of chief value, there shall be levied a duty not less than that imposed upon distilled 
spirits. 

Cordials, liquers, arrack, absinthe, kirschwasser, ratafia, and similar spirituous 
beverages, or bitters containing spirits, not otherwise provided for, $2 per proof- 
gallon. 

No lower rate of duty shall be levied, collected, and paid, on brandy, spirits, and 
other spirituous beverages, than that fixed by law for the description of first proof, 
but it shall be increased in proportion for any greater strength than first proof; 
and no brandy, or other spirituous beverages under first proof shall pay a less rate 
of duty than 50 per cent. ; and all imitations of brandy, or spirits, or wines im- 
ported by any names whatever, shall be subject to the highest rate of duty provided 
for the genuine articles intended to be represented, and in no case less than M. per 
gallon. 

Ale, porter, and beer, in bottles, 35c. per gallon; otherwise than in bottles, 20c. 
per gallon. 

Vermuth; the same duty as on wines of the same cost. 



50 TAKIFB" OF THE Uis^TED STATES. 

ScjHKDULz E. — Metals. 

Iron in pigs, $7 per ton. 

Bar-iron, rolled or hammered, comprising flats not less than 1 inch or more than 
6 inches wide, nor less tlum § of nn mch or more thn.n 2 inches thick; rounds not 
less than | of an inch nor more than 2 inches in diameter; and squares not kf.s 
than ^ of an inch nor more than two inches square; Ic. per pound. Bar iron, 
rolled or hammered, comprising flats less than f of an inch or more than 2 iin.hes 
thick, or less than 1 inch or more than 6 inches wide; rounds less than ^ of ca 
inch or more than 2 inches in diameter; and squares less than f of an inch or more 
than 2 inches square, l^c. per pound. But all iron in slabs, blooms, loops, or 
other forms, less finished than iron in bars, and more advanced than pig iron, ex- 
cept castings, shall be rated as iron in bars, and pay a duty accordingly, and none 
of the above iron shall pay a less rate of duty than 35 per cent. 

Moisic iron, made from sand ore by one process, $15 per ton. 

Iron bars for railroads or inclined planes, 70c. per 100 pounds, 

Boiler or other plate-iron not less than 3-16 of an inch in thickness, l^c. per 
pound. 

Boiler and other plate-iron, not otherwise provided for, $25 per ton. 

Iron wire, bright, coppered, or tinned, drawn and finished, not more than ^ of an 
inch in diameter, not less than number 16, wire-gauge, $2 per lOu pounds, and in 
addition thereto 15 per cent. ; over number 16 and not over number 25, wire-guiige, 
$3.50 per 100 pounds, and in addition thereto 15 per cent. ; over or finer than munber 
25, wire-guage, $4 per 100 pounds, and in addition thereto 15 per cenc. But wire 
covered with cotton, silk, or other material shall pay 5c. per pound in addition. 

Bound iron in coils, three-sixteenths of an inch or less in diameter, whether 
coated with metal or not, and all descriptions of iron wire, and wire of Mhich iron 
is a part, not otherwise specifically eniunerated and provided for, shall piiy the 
same duty as iron wire, bright, coppered, or tinned. 

Spiral furniture springs, manufactured of iron wire, 2c. per pound and 15 j;- r 
cent. 

Smooth or polished sheet-iron, by whatever name designated, 3c. per potmd. 

Sheet-iron, common or black, not thinner than number 20, wire-guage, l^c. ]>er 
pound; thinner than number 20 and not thinner than number 25, wire-guage, 1-^c. 
per pound; thinner than number 25, wire-guage, l|c. per pound. 

All band, hoop, and scroll iron from ^ to 6 inches in width, not thinner than J of 
an inch, IJc. per pound. 

All band, hoop, and scroll iron from J to six inches wide, under J of an inch in 
thickness, and not thinner than number 20, wire-guage, l^c. per pound. 

All band, hoop, and scroll iron thinner than number 20, wire-guage, l|c. per 
potmd. 

Slit rods, IJc. per pound. 

All other descriptions of rolled or hammered iron not otherwise provided lor, 
IJc. per pound. 

All handsaws not over 24 inches long. 75c. per dozen and 30 per cent ; over 24 
inches long, $1 per dozen and 30 per cent. 

All back-saws not over 10 inches long, 75c. per ilozen and ,30 per cent; over 10 
inches in length, $1 per dozen and 30 per cent. 

Files, file-blanks, rasps, and floats ( f all descriptions, not exceeding 10 inches in 
length, 10 cents per pound and 30 per cent; exceeding 10 inches in length, 60c. per 
pound and 30 per cent. 

Pen, Jack, and pocket-knives of all kinds, 50 per cent • 

Sword-blades, 35 per cent. Swords, 45 per cent. , 

Needles for knitting or sewing machines, $1 per 1,000 and 35 per cent. 

Iron squares marked on one side, 3c. per pound and 30 per cent ; all other squares 
of iron or steel, 6c. per pound and 30 per cent. 

All manufactures of steel, or of which steel shall be a component part, not other- 
wise provided for, 45 per cent. But all articles of steel partially manufactured, or 
of which steel shall be a part, not otherwise provided for, shall pay the same late 
of duty as if wholly manufactured. 

Steel railway-bars, IJeC. per pound. 

Railway-bars made in part of steel, leper pound. And metal converted, cast, 
or made from iron by the Bessemer or pneumatic process, of whatever form or 
description, shall be classed as steel. 

Locomo^ve-tire, or parts thereof, 3c. per pound. 

Mill-irons and mill-cranks of wrought-iron , and wrought-iron for ships, steam- 
engines, and locomotives, or parts thereof, weighing each 25 pounds or more, 2c. 
per pound. 



TABTFF OF THE UNITED STATES. 51 

Anvils and iron cables, or cable chains, or parts thereof, 2^c. per pound. Provided, 
That no chains made of wire or rods of a diameter less than ^ of 1 inch, shall be 
consdered a chain cable. 

Chains, trace-chains, halter-chains, aud fence-chains, made of wire or rods, f of 
1 inch in diameter, 2^c. per pound; less than J of 1 inch, and not under number 9, 
wire-guage, 3c. per pound, under number 9, wire guage, 35 per cent. 

Anchors, or parts thereof, 2|c. per pound. 

Blacksmiths' hammers and sledges, axles or parts thereof, and malleable iron in 
castings, not otherwise provided for, 2^c. per pound. 

Wrought-iron railroad chairs, and wrought-iron nuts and washers, ready punched, 
2c. per pound. 

Bed-screws and wrought-iron hinges, 2ic. per poimd. 

Wrought board-nails, spikes, rivets and bolts, 2^c. per pound. 

Steam, gas, and water tubes and flues of wrought-iron, 3Jc. per pound. 

Cut nails and spikes, l^c. per pound. 

Horseshoe-nails, 5c . per pound. 

Cut tacks, brads, or sprigs, not exceeding 16 ounces to the 1,000, 2Jc. per 1,000; 
exceeding 16 ounces to the 1,000, 3c. per pound. 

Screws, commonly called wood-screws, 2 inches or over in length, 8c. per 
pound, less than finches iu length, lie, per pound. 

Screws of any other metal than iron, and all other screws of iron, except wood- 
screws, 35 per cent. 

Vessels of cast iron, not otherwise provided for, and on andirons, sad-irons, tailors' 
and hatters' irons, stoves and stove-plates of cast iron, IJc.per pound. 

Cast-iron steam, gas, and water. pipe, IJc. per pound. 

Cast-iron butts an hinges, 2ic. per pound. 

Hollow ware, glazed or tinned, 'Sic. i er pound. 

Cast scrap-iron of every description, $6 [<er ton. 

Wrought scrap-iron of every description, $8 per ton. But nothing shall be 
deemed scrap-iron excej t waste or refuse iron that has been in actual use, and is fit 
only to be remanufactured. 

All other castings of iron, not provided for, 30 per cent. 

Taggers' iron, 30 per cent. 

Steel, in ingots, bars, coils, sheets, and steel wire, not less than J of 1 inch in 
diameter, valued at 7 cents per pound or less, 2^c. per pound; above 7 cents and 
not above lie. per pound, thr cents per pound; above lie. per pound, 3Jc. per 
pound and 10 per cent. 

Steel wire less than ^ of an inch in diameter and not less than number 16, wire- 
guage, 2ic. per pound and twenty per cent; less or finer than number 16, wire- 
guage, 3c. per pound and 20 per cent. 

Steel, commercially known as crinoline, corset and hat steel wire, 9c. per pound 
and 10 per cent. 

Steel in any form, not otherwise provided for, 30 per cent; Provided, that no al- 
lowance or reduction of duties for partial loss or damage sliall be made in conse- 
quence of rust of iron or steel or upon the manufactures of iron or steel, except on 
polished Russia sheet iron. 

Cross-cut saws, 10c. per lineal foot. 

On mill, pit and drag saws, not over 9 inches wide, 12 Jc. per lineal foot; over 9 
inches wide, 20c. per lineal foot. 

Lead in sheets, pipes, or shot, 2|c. per pound. Lead ore, 1 Jc. per pound. Lead 
in pigs and bars, 2c. per pound. Old scrap-lead, fit only to be remanufactured, l^c, 
per pound. 

Zinc, spelter, or tutenege manufactured in blocks or pigs, l^c. per pound. Zinc, 
pelter , tutenge in sheets, 2Jc. per pound. 

Tin in plates, sheets, terne and taggers' tin, 15 per cent. 

Lron and tin plates galvanized or coated with any metal by electric batteries, 2c. 
per pound. 

Iron and tin plates galvanized or coated with metal otherwise than by electric 
batteries, 2Jc. per pound. 

Copper imported in the form of ores, 3c. on each pound of fine copper contained 
therein. 

Eegulus of copper, and on all black or coarse copper, 4c. on each pound of fine 
copper contained therein. 

Old cof)per, fit only for remanufacture, 4c. per pound. 

Copper in plates, bars, ingots, pigs, and in other forms not manufactured or here 
enumerated, 5c. per pound. 

Copper in rolled plates called braziers' copper, sheets, rods, pipes, and copper 



52 TAKUT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

bottoms, and all manufactures of copper, or of •which copper shall be a component 
of chief value, not otherwise provided for, 45 per cent. 

Sheathing or yellow metal not wholly of copper, nor wholly nor in part of iron, 
ungalvanized, in sheets 48 inches long and 14 inches wide, and weighing from 14 to 
34 ounces per square foot, 3c. per pound. 

Nickel, 30c. per pound. Nickel oxide and alloy of copper, 20c. per pound. 

Gold-leaf, $1.50 per package of 500 leaves; silver leaf, 75c. per package of 600 
leaves. 

Argentine, alabatta, or German silver, unmanufactured, 35 per cent. 

Brass in bars or pigs, and old brass, fit only to be remanufactured, 15 per cent. 

Dutch and bronze metal in leaf, 10 per cent. 

Articles not otherwise provided for, made of gold, silver, German silver, or platina, 
or of which either of these metals shall be a component part, 40 per cent. 

Silver-plated metal, in sheets or other form, 35 per cent. 

Manufactures, articles, vessels, and wares not otherwise provided for, of brass, 
iron, lead, pewter, and tin or other metal, (except gold, silver, platina, copper and 
steel,) or of which either of these metals shall be the material of chief value, 35 
per cent. 

Metals, immanufactured, not provided for, 20 per cent. 

Schedule F. — Pbovisions. 

Beef and pork, Ic. per pound. Hams and bacon, 2c. per pound. Cheese, 4c. per 
poundo Wheat, 20c. per bushel. Butter, 4c. j)er pound. Lard, 2c. per pound. 
Eye and barley, 15c. per bushel. Indian corn or maize, 10c. per bushel. Oats, 
ten cents per bushel. 

Fish. — Mackerel, $2 per barrel; herrings, pickled or salted, $1; pickled salmon, 
$3; all other fish i ickled, in barrels, $1.50; all other foreign-caught fish, imported 
otherwise than in barrels or half-barrels, whether fresh, smoked, or dried, salted, or 
pickled, not provided for, 50c. i^er 100 pounds. Salmon preserved, 30 per cent. 

Anchovies and sardines, preserved in oil or otherwise, 50 per cent. Fish pre- 
served in oil, except anchovies and sardines, 30 per cent. 

Corn-meal, 10 per cent. 

Oat-meal, ^c. per pound. Eye-flour, 10 per cent. 

Eice, cleaned, 2Jc. per pound; unoleaned, 2c. per pound. 

On paddy, lie. jier i^ound. 

Capers, pickles, and sauces of. all kinds, not otherwise provided for, 35 per cent. 

Catsup, 40 per cent. 

Preserved or condensed milk, 20 per cent. 

Potatoes, 15c. per bushel. 

Vegetables, not otherwise provided for, 10 per cent. 

Prepared vegetables, meats, fish, poultry , and game, sealed or iinBealed, in cans or 
otherwise, 35 per cent. 

Vinegar, 10c. per gallon. 

SCHEDTTLE G. — SuGABS. 

Sugar not above nimaber 7, Dutch standard in color, Ifc. per pound. 

Sugar above number 7, and not above number 10, Dutch standard in color, 2c. 
per pound. 

Sugar above number 10, and not above number 13, Dutch standard in color, 2Jc. 
per pound. 

Sugar above number 13, and not above number 16, Dutch standard in color, 2|c. 
per pound. 

Sugar above number 16, and not above number 20, Dutch standard in color, 3|c. 
per pound. 

Sugar above number 20, Dutch standard in color, and on all refined loaf, lump, 
crushed, powdered, and granulated sugar, 4c. per pound. But sirup of sugar, sirup 
of sugar-cane juice, melado, concentrated melado, or concentrated molasses, entered 
under the name of molasses, shall be forfeited to the United States. 

Sugar-candy, not colored, 10c. per pound. 

All other confectionery, not otherwise provided for, made wholly or in part of 
sugar, and on sugars after being refined, when tinctured, colored , or in any way 
adulterated, valued at 30c. per pound or less, 15c. per pound. 

Confectionery valued aliove 30c. per pound, or when sold by the box, package or 
otherwise than by the pound, 50 per cent. 

Molasses 5c. per gallon. 

Tank-bottoms, sirup of sugar-cane juice, melado, concentrated melado and con- 
centrated molasses, l^c. per pound. 



TAHEFF OF THE UNITED STATES. 53 

Schedule H. — Silk and Silk Goods. 

Silk in the gum not more advanced than singles, tram, and thrown or oiKanzine, 
35 per cent. 

Spun silk for filling in skeins, or cops, 35 per cent. 

Fioss-silks, 35 per cent. 

Sewing-silk in the gum or purified, 40 per cent. 

Silk twist, twist composed of mohair and silk, 40 per cent. 

Dress and piece silks, ribbons, and silk-velvets, or velvets of which silk is the 
material of chief value, 60 per cent. 

Silk yestings, pongees, shawls, scarfs, mantillas, pelerines, handkerchiefs, veils, 
laces, shirts, drawers, bonnets, hats, caps, turbans, chemisettes, hose, mits, aprons,' 
stockings, gloves, suspenders, watch-chains, webbm-, braids, fringes, galloons, tas- 
sels cords, and trimmings, a';d ready-made clothing of silk, or of which silkis the 
material of chief value, 6U per cent. 

_ Buttons and ornaments for dresses and outside garments made of silk, or of which 
silk is the material of chief value, and containing no wool, worsted, or goat's hair 
60 per cent. ' 

Manufactures of silk, or of which silk is the component material of chief value 
not otherwise provided for, 50 per cent. ' 

SCHEDTTLE I.~SpiCES. 

Pimento and black, white, and red or cayenne pepper, 5c. per pound. 

Ground pimento and ground pepper of all kinds, 10c. Cinnamon, 20c. Mace, 
25c. Nutmegs, 20c. Cloves, 5c. Clove-stems, 3c. Cassia and cassia vera, 10c'. 
Cassia buds and ground cassia, 20c. 

All other spices, 20c. per pound. Ground or prepared, 30c. per pound. 

Ginger, ground, 3c. 

Ginger, preserved or pickled, 35 per cent. 

Essence of ginger, 35 per cent. 

Schedule J, — Tobacco. 

Cigars, cigarettes and cheroots of all kinds, $2.50 per pound, and 25 per cent 
But paper cigars and cigarettes, including wrappers, shall be subject to the same 
duties as are herein imposed upon cigars. 

Tobacco in leaf, unmanufactured and not stemmed, 35c. per pound. 

Tobacco stems, 15c . per pound. 

Tobacco manufactured, of all descriptions, and stemmed tobacco not otherwise 
provided for, 50c. per pound. 

Snufi" and snuflf-flour, manufactured of tobacco, ground, dry or damp and pickled, 
scented or otherwise, of : 11 descriptions, 50c. per pound. 

Unmanufactured tobacco, not provided for, 30 per cent 

ScHEDDiE K. — "Wood. 

Timber, hewn or sawed; timber used in building wharves and spars, 20 per cent 

Timber, squared or sided, not provided for, Ic. per cubic foot. 

Sawed boards, plank, deals and other lumber of hemlock, white-wood, sycamore 
and bass-wood, $1 per 1,000 feet, board measure. 

All other varieties of sawed lumber, $2 per 1 ,000 feet, board measure. But when 
lumber ot any sort is planed or finished, in addition to the rates herein provided 
there shall be levied aud paid, for each side so planed or finished, 50c. per 1,000 
feet; and it planed on one side and tongued and grooved, $1, and if planed on two 
sides and tongued and grooved, $1.50. 

'Hubs for wheels, posts, last-blocks, wagon-blocks, oarb-locks , gun-blocks, head- 
ing-blocks, and all like blocks or sticks, rough-hewn or sawed only, 20 per cent. 

Staves for pipes, hogsheads and other casks, 10 per cent. 
. Staves not otherwise provided for, 20 per cent. 

Pickets ond paUngs, 20 per cent. 

Laths, 15c. per 1,000 pieces. 

Shingles, 35c. per 1,000. 

Pine clapboards, $2 per 1,000. 

Spruce clapboards, $1.50 per 1,000. 

House or cabinet furniture, in pieces or rough, and not finished, 30 per cent. 

Cabinet wares and house furniture, finished, 35 per cent. 

Casks and barrels, empty, sugar-box shooks, and packing-boxes of wood, not 
otherwise provided for,- 30 per cent. 

Manufactures of cedar-wood, granadilla, ebony, mahogany, rosewood and satin- 
wood, 35 per cent; manufactures of wood, or of which wood is the chief compo- 
nent part, not provided for, 35 per cent. 



54 TAUHT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

"Wood unmanufactured, not provided for, 20 per cent. 

Schedule L. — Wool and Woolen Goods. 
All wools, hair of the alpaca, goat and other like animals, shall be divided for 
the purpose of fixing the duties to be charged thereon, into the three following 



Class 1. — Clothing- Wool. 
That is to say, merino, mestiza, metz or metis wools, or rather wools of merino 
blood, immediate or remote; down clothing- wools, and wools of like character with 
any of the preceding, including such as have been heretofore usually imported into 
the United States from Buenos Ayres, New Zealand, Australia, Cape of Good Hope, 
Kussia, Great Britain, Canada and elsewhere, and also including ail wools not 
hereinafter described or designated in classes two and three. 

Class 2. — Combing Wools. 
That is to say, Leicester, Cotswold, Lincolnshire down combing wools, Canada 
long wools, or other like combing wools of English blood, and usually known by 
the terms herein used; and also all hair of the alpaca, goat and other like animals. 

Class 3. — Cabpet- Wools and othee simtlab Wools. 

Such as Donskoi, native South American, Cordova, Valparaiso, native Smyrna, 
and including all such wools of like character as have been heretofore usually im- 
ported into the United States from Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Syria and elsewhere. 
The duty upon wool of the first class which shall be imported washed, shall be 
twice the amount of the duty to which it would be subjected if imported unwashed. 

And the duty upon wool of all classes which shall be imported scoured, shall be 
three times the duty to which it would be subject if imported unwashed. And the 
duty upon wool of the sheep, or hair of the alpaca, goat and other like animals, 
which shall be imported in any other than the ordinary condition as now and here- 
tofore practiced, or which shall be changed in its character or condition, for the 
purpose of evading the duty, or which shall be reduced in value by the admixture 
of dirt, or any other foreign substance, shall be twice the duty to which it would 
be otherwise subject. 

Wools of the first class, the value whereof at the last port or place whence ex- 
ported to the United States, excluding charges in such port, shall be 32c. or less per 
pound, 10c. per pound, and 11 per cent, ad valorem. Wools of the same class, the 
value whereof at the last port or place whence exported to the United States, ex- 
cluding charges in such port, shall exceed 32c. per pound, 12c. per pound, and 10 
per cent. 

Wools of the second class, and all hair of the alpaca, goat, and other like animals, 
the value whereof at the last port or place whence exported to the United States, 
excluding charges in such port, shall be 32c. or less per pound, 10c. per pound, 
and 11 per cent. 

Wools of the same class, the value whereof at the last port or place whence ex- 
ported to the United States, excluding charges in such port, shall exceed 32c. per 
pound, 12c. per pound and 10 per cent. 

Wools of the third class, the value whereof at the last port or place whence ex- 
ported into the United States, excluding charges in such port, snaU be 12c. or less 
per pound, 3c. per pound. 

Wools of the same class, the value whereof at the last port or place whence ex- 
ported to the United States, excluding charges in such port, shall exceed 12c. per 
pound, 6c. per pound. 

Wools on the skin, the same rates as other wools, the quantity and value to be 
ascertained under such rules as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. 

Sheep-skins and Angora goat skins, raw or unmanufactured, imported with the 
wool on , washed or unwashed, 30 per cent, on the skins alone. 

Woolen rags, shoddv, mungo waste and flocks, i2c. per pound. 

Woolen cloths, woolen shawls, and all manufactures of wool of every description, 
made wholly or in part of wool, not otherwise provided for, 50c. per pound and 35 
per cent. 

Flannels, blankets, hats of wool, knit goods, balmorals, woolen and worsted 
yams, and all manufactures of every description composed wholly or in part of 
worsted, the hair of the alpaca, goat, or other like animals, except such as are 
composed in part of wool, not provided for, valued at not exceeding iOc. per pound, 
20c. per pound; valued at above 40c. and not exceeding 60c., 30c. per pound; valued 
at above 60c. and not exceeding 80c., 40c. per pound; valued at above 80c., 50c. per 
pound; and upon all the above-named articles, 35 per cent. 



MACHINERY HALL. 



At a distance of 542 feet west of the Main Exhibition Building is 
located Machinery Hall. The Main Hall is 360 feet wide by 1,402 
feet long, and has an annex on the south 208 feet by 210 feet. This 
building is extremely attractive in appearance, durable in construc- 
tion, and covers nearly 14 acres. Along the south side are placed 
the boiler houses, and small buildings for special kinds of machinery. 
The west entrance affords the most direct communication with 
George's Hill, which point aff'ords the best view of the entire Exhi- 
bition grounds. Including the upper floors, the building provides 
14 acres of floor space. The principal portion of the structure is 
one story in height, showing the main cornice upon the outside at 40 
feet from the ground, the interior height to the top of the ventila- 
tors in the avenues being 70 feet, and in the aisles 40 feet. The 
east entrance will form the principal approach from street cars, from 
the Main Exhibition Building, and from the railroad depot. The ar- 
rangement of the ground plan shows two main avenues 90 feet wide 
by 1,360 long, with a central aisle between and an aisle on either side. 
Each aisle is 60 feet in width ; the two avenues and the three aisles 
making the total width of 360 feet. The promenades in the avenues 
are 15 feet in width; in the transept 25 feet, and in the aisles 10 feet. 
The foundations consist of piers of masonry. The superstructure 
consists of solid timber columns supportmg roof trusses, constructed 
with straight wooden principals and wrought ii'on ties and struts. 
The columns are 40 feet high to the heel block of the 90 feet span 
roof trusses over the avenues, and they support the heel of the 60 
feet spans over the aisles, at the height of 20 feet. The outer walls 
are built of masonry to the height of five feet, and above that are 
composed ol glazed sash placed between the columns. Portions of 
the sash are movable for ventilation. Louvre ventilators are intro- 
duced in continuous lengths over both the avenues and the aisles. 
This buildmg was erected by Phihp Quigley, of Wilmington, Del, at 
a cost of $542,300, including drainage, water-pipe, plumbing, etc. 



, TAEIFF OF THE UNITED STATK. 55 

Endless belts or felts for paper or printing machine*, 20c. per pound and 35 per 
cent. 
Bunting, 20c. per square yard, and 35 per cent. 

Women's and children's dress-goods and real or imitation Italian cloths, wholly 
or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the alpaca, goat or other like animals, value 
not exceeding 20c. per square yard, 6c. per square yard, and 35 per cent. ; above 
20c. per square yard, 8c. and 40 per cent. But on all goods weighing four ounces 
and over per square yard, the duty shall be 50c. per pound and 35 per cent. 

Clothing, ready-made wearing apparel of every description, balmoral skirts and 
skirting, and goods of similar description, or used for like purposes, wholly or in 
part of wool, worsted, the hair of the alpaca, goat or other like animals, made up 
or manufactured wholly or in part by the tailor, seamstress or manufacturer, except 
knit goods, 50c. per pound and 40 per cent. 

"Webbings, beltings, bindings, braids, galloons, fringes, gimps, cords, cords and 
tassels, dress-trimmings, head-nets, buttons, or barrel buttons, or buttons of other 
forms for tassels or ornaments, wrought by hand or braided by machinery, made 
of wool, worsted, or mohair, or of which wool, worsted or mohair is a component 
material, 50c. per pound, and 50 per cent 

Aubusson and Axminster carpets, and carpets woven whole for rooms, 50 per 
cent. 

Saxony, Wilton and Tornay velvet carpets, wrought by the Jacquard machine, 
70c. per square yard, and 35 per cent. 

Brussels carpets, wrought by the Jacquard machine, 44c. per square yard, and 
35 per cent. 

Patent velvet and tapestry velvet carpets, printed on the warp or otherwise, 40c. 
per square yard, and 35 per cent. 

Tapestry Brussels carpets printed on the warp or otherwise, 28c. per square yard 
and 35 per cent. ' 

Treble ingrain, three-ply, and worsted chain Venetian carpets, 17c. per square 
yard, and 35 per cent. 

Yard Venetian and two-ply ingrain carpets, 12c. per square vard, and 35 per 
cent. ' 

Druggets and bookings, printed, colored, or otherwise, 25c. per square yard and 
35 per cent. 

Hemp or jute carpeting, 8c. per square yard. 

Carpets and carpetings of wool, flax, or cotton, or parts of either, or other material 
not herein specified, 40 per cent. And mats, rugs, screens, covers, hassocks, 
bedsides, and other portions of carpets or carpetings shall be subjected to the duty 
herein imposed on carpets or carpeting of like character or description, and the 
duty on all other mats, (notexclusively of vegetable material,) screens, hassocks and 
rugs, shall be 45 per cent. 

Oil-cloths for floors, stamped, painted, or printed, valued at 50c. or less per 
square yard, 35 per cent. : valued at over 50c, per sqare yard, and on all other oil- 
cloth (except silk oil-cloth, ) and on water-proof cloth, not otherwise provided for 
45 per cent. ' 

Oil-silk cloth, 60 per cent. 

Schedule M. — Sundeies. 

Acetates.— Of ammonia, 25c, per pound; baryta, 25c.; copper, 10c. ; iron, 25c.- 
lead, brown, 5c.; white, 10c. ; lime, 25 per cent.; magnesia, 50c. per pound; potassa' 
25c. ; soda, 25c. ; strontia, 25c. ; zinc, 25c. 

Acids.— Acetic, acetous, and pyroligneous of specific gravity of 1,047, or less, 5c. 
per pound; acetic, acetous and pyroligneous of specific gravity over 1,047, 30c.* 
benzoic, 10 per cent.; carbolic, liquid, 10 per cent.; chromic, 15 per cent.; citric,' 
10c. per pound; gallic, $1 ; nitric, 10 per cent. ; sulphuric, fimiing (Nordhausen, ) Ic. 
per pound; tannic, $1; tartaric, 15c., and all other acids of every description used 
for medicmal purposes, or in the fine arts, not otherwise provided for, 10 per cent. 

Acorn and dandeUon root, raw, or prepared, and aU other articles used, or in- 
tended to be used as coffee or a substitute for coffee, not otherwise provided for, 3c 
per pound. ■^ 

Alabaster and spar ornaments, 30 per cent. 

Albata, unmanufactured, 35 per cent. 

Almonds, 6c. per pound; shelled, 10c. per pound. 

Alum, patent alum, alum substitute, sulphate of alumina, and aluminous cake, 
60c. per 100 pounds. 

Ammonia.— Ammonia and sulphate and carbonate of ammonia, 20 per cent. • sal 
ammoma and muriate of ammonia, 10 per cent 

Animals, live, 20 per cent 



56 TARirr or the united states. 

Antimony, crude, and regulus of, 10 per ceut. 
Argols (other than crude), 6c. per pound. 

Asbestos, manufactured, 25 per cent. ' 

Arrowroot, 30 per cent. 
Asphaltum, 25 per cent. 
Assafoetida, 20 per cent. 

Balsams, used for medicinal purposes, not otherwise provided for, 30 per cent. 
Barley, pearl or hulled, Ic. per pound. 

Barytes, and sulphate of, ^c. per pound; nitrate of, 20 per cent. 
Baskets, and all articles composed of grass, osier, palm-leaf, whalebone or willow, 
not provided for, 35 per cent. ; composed of straw, 35 per cent. 

Bay-rum or bay-water, whether distilled or compounded, $1 per gallon of first 
proof, and in proportion for any greater strength than first proof. 
All beads and bead ornaments, except amber, 50 per ceut. 
Bees-wax, 20 per cent. 
Benzoates, 30 per cent. 
Bilhard-chalk, 50 per cent. 
Black of bone, or ivory drop black, 25 per cent. 
Blacking of all descriptions, 30 per cent. 
Bladders, manufactures of, 30 per cent. 

Manufactures of bones, horn, ivory, or vegetable ivory, 35 per cent. 
Bonnets, hats and hoods, for men, women and children, composed of chip, grass, 
palm-leaf, willow, or any other vegetable substance, hair, whalebone, or other- 
material, not otherwise provided for, 40 per cent. ; composed of straw, 40 per cent. 
Books, periodicals, pamphlets, blank-books, boimd or unbound, all printed 
matter, engravings, bound or unbound, illustrated books and papers, map* and 
charts, 25 per cent. 
Borax, refined, 10c. per pound. 

Bouillons or cannetiUe, and metal threads, file or gespinst, 25 per cent. 
Brick, tire-brick, and roofing and paving-tile, not provided for, 20 per cent. 
Brimstone in rolls, or refined, $10 per ton. 
Bristles, 15c. per pound. 
Brittania ware, 35 per CMit. 

Bronze liquor, 10 per cent. ^ 

Bronze powder, 20 per cent. 
Brooms of all kinds, 35 per cent. 
Brushes of all kinds, 40 per cent. 
Bulbous roots, not provided for, 30 per cent. 
Burning-fluid, 50c. per gallon. 

Burr-stones, manufactured or bound up into millstones, 20 per cent. 
Buttons and but ion-moulds, not otherwise provided for, 30 per cent. 
Calomel, 30 per cent. 
Camphor, refined, 5c. per pound. 

Candles and tapers, stearine and adamantine, 5c. per pound; spermaceti, paraf- 
fine and wax candles and tapers, pure or mixed, 8c. per pound; all other candles 
and tapers, 2.}c. per pound. 

Canes and sticks for walking, finished or unfinished, 35 per cent. 
Card cases, pocket-books, shell-boxes, souvenirs, and all similar articles of what- 
ever material, 35 per cent. 

Carriages and parts of carriages, 35 per cent. 
Castor beans or seeds, per bushel of 50 pounds, 60o. 
Chiccory-root, groimd or unground, Ic. per pound. 
Chiccory-root, burnt or prepared, 5c. per pound. 
Chloroform, $1 per pound. 
Chocolate, 6c. per pound. 

Chronometers, box or ship's, and parts thereof, 10 per cent 
Clocks and parts of clocks, 35 per cent. 

Clothing, ready-made, and wearing apparel of every description, of whatever 
material composed, except vv^ool, silk and linen, made up or manufactured wholly or 
in part by the tailor, seam-gloves, leggins, mitts, socks, stockings, wove shins and 
stress or manufacturer, not provided for, caps, drawers and all similar articles made 
on frames, of whatever material, except silk and linen, worn by men, women or 
children, and not pro%dded for; articles worn by men, women, or children, or what- 
ever material, except silk and linen, made up, or made wholly or in part by hand, 
not provided for, 35 per cent. 
_ Coach and harness furniture of all kinds, saddlery, coach and harness hardware, 
silver plated, brass plated or covered, common tinned, burnished or japanned, net 
provided for, 35 per cent. 



TAIU3T or THE tTNITED STATES. 57 

Slack coal or culm, such as will pass through a half-inch screen, iOc. per ton of 
28 bushels, 80 poimds to the bushel ; bituminous coal and shale, 75 cents per ton 
of 28 bushels, 80 pounds to the bushel. 
Cobalt, oxide of, 20 per cent. 
Cocoa, prepared or manufactured, 2c. per pound. 
Coke, 25 per cent. 

Collodion and ethers of all kinds, not provided for, and etherial preparations or 
extracts, fluid, $1 per poimd. 

Coloring for brandy, 50 per cent. 
Combs of all kinds, 35 per cent. 

_ Comfits, sweetmeats, or fruits preserved in sugar, brandy or molasses, not pro- 
vided for, 35 per cent. 

Compositions of glass or paste, when set, 30 per cent. ; when not set, 10 per cent. 
Composition tops for tables, or other articles of furniture, 35 per cent. 
Copperas, green vitriol, or sulphate of iron, he. per pound. 
Coral, cut or manufactm-ed, 30 per cent. 
Corks and cork-bark, manufactured, 30 per cent. 

Corsets, or manufactm-ed cloth, woven or made in patterns of such size, shape 
and form, or cut in such manner as to be fit for corsets, when valued at $6 per 
dozen or less, $2 per dozen; when valued at over $6 per dozen, 35 per cent. 
Court-plaster, 35 per cent. 
Crayons of all kmds, 30 per cent. 
Cream tartar, 10c. per pound. 
Cutlery of all kinds, 35 per cent. 
Currants, Zante, or other, Ic. per pound. 
Dates and prunes, Ic. per pound. 
Dolls, 35 per cent. 
Dried pulp, 20 per cent. 

Drugs, medicinal and other, crude, not provided for, 20 per cent. 
Embroidery. — Manufactures of cotton, linen or silk , if embroidered or tamboured, 
in the loom or otherwise, by machinery or with the needle, or other process, not 
provided for, 35 per cent. ; articles embroidered with gold and silver or other metal, 
35 per cent. 
Emery grains, 2c. per pound ; emery-ore, $6 per ton. 
Emery, manufactured, ground, or pulverized, Ic. per pound. 
Encaustic tiles, 35 per cent. 

Epaulets, galloons, laces, knots, stars, tassels, tresses, and wings of gold, silver, 
or other meta,l, 35 per cent. 

Essences, extracts, toilet-waters, cosmetics, hair-oils, pomades, hair-dressings, 
hair-restoratives, hair-dyes, tooth-washes, dentifrice, tooth-pastes, aromatic cachous, 
or other perfumeries or cosmetics, by whatsoever name or names known, used or 
appUed as perfimaes or apphoations to the hair, mouth, or skin, 50 per cent. ; 
cologne-water and other perfumery, of which alcohol forms the principal ingredient, 
$3 per gallon and 50 per cent. ; rum essence or oil, and bay-rum essence or oil, 50c. 
per ounce. 

Eyelets of every description, 6c. per thousand. 

Fans and fire-screens of every descxiption, except common palm-leaf fans, of 
whatever material composed, 35 per cent. 

Feathers, ostrich, vulture, cof^k, and other ornamental, crude or not dressed, 
colored or manufactured, 25 per cent. ; when dressed, colored or manufactured, 
50 per cent. Artificial and ornamental feathers and flowers, or parts thereof, of 
whatever material, not provided for, 50 per cent 
Feather-beds, 20 per cent. 
Feldspar, 20 per cent. 
Figs, 2^c. per pound. 

Filberts and walnuts , of all kinds, 3c. per pound. 
Finishing-powder, 20 per cent. 

Fire-crackers, $1 per bos of 40 packs, not exceeding 80 to each pack, and in the 
same proportion for any greater or less number. 
Fire-crackers, not provided for, 30 per cent. 
Fish-skins, 20 per cent. 

Fruit ethers, essences or oils of apple, pear, peach, apricot, strawberry and rasp- 
berry, made of fusel-oil or of fruit, or imitations thereof, $2.50 per pound. 

Fruits. — Oranges, lemons, pine apples, and grapes, 20 per cent. ; limes, bananas, 
plantains, shadducks, mangoes, 10 per cent. But no allowance shall be paade for 
loss by decay on the voyage, unless the loss shall exceed 25 per cent, of the quantity, 
aad the allowance then made shall be only for the amount of loss in excess of 25 



58 TAJtmr of the united states. 

per cent, of the whole quantity. Green, ripe, or dried, not provided for, 10 pet 
cent. ; preserved in their own juice, and fruit-juice, 25 per cent. 

Fulminates, fulminating-powders, and all articles used for like purposes, not 
provided for, 30 per cent. 

Fur, articles made of, caps, hats, muffs, and tippets of fur, and all other manu- 
factures of iur, or of which fur shall be a component material, 35 per cent. 

Fusel-oil, or amylic alcohol, $2 per gallon. 

Gelatine, and all similar preparations, not provided for, 35 per cent. 

Glass plai-es or disks, uawrought, for optical instruments, 10 per cent. 

Gloves, kid or other leather, of all descriptions, for men's, women's or children's 
wear, 50 per cent. 

Glue, 20 per cent. 

Glycerine, 30 per cent. 

Grease, all not specified, 10 per cent. 

Grindstones, rough or unfinished, $1.50 per ton; finished, $2 per ton. 

Gum substitute, or burnt starch, 10 per cent. 

Gimpowder and all explosive substances used for mining, blasting, artillery, or 
fiporting purposes, when valued at 20c. or less per pound, 6c. per pound, and 20 
per cent. ; valued above 20c. per pound, 10c. per pound, and 20 per cent. 

Gutta-percha, manufactured, 40 per cent. 

Hair. — Bracelets, braids, chains, curls, or ringlets composed of hair, or of which 
hair is a component material, 35 per cent; curled hair, except hair of hogs, used for 
beds or mattresses, 30 per cent.; hair of hogs, Ic. per pound; human hair, raw, 
uncleaned, and not drawn, 20 per cent. ; when cleaned or drawn, but not manu- 
factured, 30 per cent. ; when manufactured, 40 per cent. ; hair of all kinds, cleaned, 
but unmanufactured, not provided for, 10 per cent. 

Hair-cloth known as "crinoline-cloth," and all other manufactures of hair, not 
provided for, 30 per cent. ; of the description known as " hair-seating," 18 inches 
wide or over, 40c. per square yard; less than 18 inches wide, 30c. per square yard. 

Hair-pencils, 35 per cent. 

Hair-pins, made of iron wire, 50 per cent. 

Hat-bodies of cotton, 35 per cent. 

Hats, etc., materials for. — Braids, plaits, flats, laces, trimmings, tissues, willow 
sheets And squares, used for making or ornamenting hats, bonnets and hoods, com- 
posed of straw, chip, grass, palm-leaf, willow, or any other vegetable substance, or 
of hair, whalebone, or other material not provided for, 30 per cent. 

Hatters' furs not on the skin, and dressed furs on the skin, 20 per cent. 

Hatters' plush, composed of silk and cotton, but of which cotton is the material 
of chief value , 25 per cent. 

Hempseed and rapeseed, and other oil-seeds of like character other than linseed 
or flaxseed, ^c. per pound. 

Hofiman's anodyne and spirits of nitric ether, 50c. per pound. 

Honey, 20c. per gallon. 

Hops, 5c. per pound. 

India rubber and silk, manufactures of, or manufactures of India rubber and 
other materials, 50 per cent. 

India rubber, articles composed of. — Braces, suspenders, webbing, or other 
fabrics, composed wholly or in part of India rubber, not provided for, 35 per cent. 

Articles composed wholly of India rubber, not provided for, 35 per cent. 

India rubber boots and shoes, 35 per cent. 

Ink, printers' ink, and ink-powders, 35 per cent. 

Insulators for use exclusively in telegraphy, except those made of glass, 25 per 
cent. 

Iodine, salts of, 15 per cent. ; re-sublimed, 75c. per poimd. 

Ivory or bone dice, draughts, chess-men, chess-balls, and bagatelle balls, 50 per 
cent. 

Japanned ware of all kinds, not provided for, 40 per cent 

Jellies of aU kinds, 50 per cent. 

Jet, manufactures and imitations of, 35 per cent. 

Lead, nitrate of, 3c. per pound. 

Leather. — Bend or belting leather, and Spanish or other sole leather, 15 per cent. ; 
calf-skins, tanned or tanned and dressed, 25 per cent. ; upper leather of all other 
kinds, and skins dressed and finished of all kinds, not provided for, 20 per cent. ; 
skins for morocco, tanned, but unfinished, 10 per cent.; manufactures and articles 
of leather, or of which leather shall be a component part, not provided for, 35 per 
cent 

Leather and skins, japanned, patent or enameled, 35 per cent 



TARirr OF THE UNITED STATES. 59 

All leather and skins, tanned, not provided for, 35 per cent. 

Lemon and lime-juice, 10 per cent. 

Licorice-paste, or licorice in rolls, 10c. per pound. 

Licorice-juice- 5c. per pound. 

Lime, 10 per cent. 

Linseed or flaxseed, 20c. per bushel of 56 pounds weight. But no drawback 
shall be allowed on oil cake made from imported seed. 

Magnesia, carbonate, 6c. per pound; calcined, 12c. per pound. 

Malt, 20 per cent. 

Marble. — Marble, white statuary, brocatella, sienna, and verd-antique, in block, 
rough or squared, $1 per cubic foot, and, in addition thereto, 25 per cent. ; veined 
marble and marble of all other descriptions, not provided for, in block, rough or 
squared, 50c. per cubic loot, and 20 per cent. ; sawed, dressed, or polished marble, 
marble slabs, and marble paving-tiles, 30 per cent., and 25c. per superficial square 
foot not exceeding 2 inches in thickness. If more than 2 inches in thickness. 10c. 
per foot, in addition to the above rate, for each inch or fractional part thereof in 
excess of 2 inches in thickness, but if exceeding 6 inches in thickness such marble 
shall be subject to the duty imposed upon marble blocks. All manufactures of 
marble not otherwise provided for, 50 per cent 

Mats of cocoa-nut, 30 per cent. 

Matting, China, and other floor-matting, and mats made of flags, jute or grass, 
30 per cent. Cocoa or coir, 25 per cent. 

Medicinal preparations not provided for, 40 per cent. 

Mercurial preparations not provided for, 20 per cent. 

Mineral and bituminous substances, in a crude state, not provided for, 20 per 
cent. 

Mineral kermes, 10 per cent. 

Mineral or medicinal waters, artificial, for each bottle or jug containing not more 
than 1 quart, 3c. and 25 per cent ; containing more than 1 quart, 3c. for each addi- 
tional quart, or fractional i^art thereol, and 25 per cent. Otherwise than in bottles, 
30 per cent. 

Morphia, and all sorts of morphia SI per ounce. 

Music, printed with lines, bound or unbound, 20 per cent. 

Musical instruments of all kinds, 30 per cent. 

Muskets, rifles and other tir. -arms, 35 per cent. 

Mustard, ground, in bulk, 10c. per pound; when inclosed in glass or tin, 14c. 
per pound. 

Needles , sewing, darning, knitting and all other descriptions not provided for, 
25 per cent. 

Nuts of all kinds, not provided for, 2c. per pound. 

Oils. — Illuminating, and naptha, benzine and benzole, refined or produced from 
distillation of coal, asphaltum, shale peat, petroleum or rock-oil, or other bitumin- 
ous substances used for like purpcses. 40c. per gallon; coal-oil, crude, 15c,; crude 
petroleum or rock-oil, 20c.; croton, $1 per pound; ohve,in flasks or bottles, and 
salad, $1 per gallon; castor, $1; cloves, iS2 per pound; cognac or oenanthic ether, 
$4 per ounce; Unseed or flaxseed, 30c. per gallon, 7^ pounds of weight to be esti- 
mated as a gallon; hempseed and rapeseed, 23c. ; neat's foot and all animal, whale, 
seal and fish oils, 20 per cent. ; cotton-seed, 30c. per gallon; cenne, 30c. per gallon. 

Oils, essential or essence. — Bay leaves, $17.50 per pound; cubebs, $1; lemons, 
5Gc. ; orange, 50c. ; all other essential oils, not provided for, 50 per cent. 

Oils, fixed or expressed. — Bay or laurel, 20c. per pound; olive, not salad, 25c. 
per gallon ; mustard, not salad, 25c. ; oils expressed, not provided for, 20 per cent. 

Opium, $1 per pound: prepared for smoking, and all other preparations of opium 
not otherwise provided for , $7 per pound. But opium prepared for smoking, and 
other preparations of opium , deposited m bonded ware-house, shall not be removed 
therefrom for exportation, without payment of duties, and such duties shall not be 
refunded. 

Osier or willow, prepared for basket maker's use, 30 per cent. 

Paintings and statuary, not provided for, 10 per cent. But the term statuary," 
as used in the laws now in force imposing duties on foreign importations, shall be 
understood to include professional productions of a statuary or of a sculptor only. 

Paints and dyes. — Aiiiline dyes and colors, by whatever name known, 50c. per 
pound and 35 per cent. 

Blanc-fixe, enameled white, satin-white, lime-white, and all combinations of 
barytes with acids or water, 3c. per pound; carmine lake, dry or liquid, 35 per cent. 

French green, Paris green, mineral green, mineral blue and Prussian blue, dry 
or moist, 30 per cent. Indian red, 25 per cent. 



60 TAKLFF OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Indigo, extract of, 10 per cent. ; carmined, 20 per cent. 

Iron liquor, 10 per cent. 

Lamp-black, 20 per cent. 

Lastings, mohair-cloth, silk twist, or other manufactures of cloth woven or made 
in patterns of such size, shape and form, or cut in such manner as to be fit for but- 
tons exclusively, not combined with India rubber, 10 per cent. 

Lead, white or red, and litharge, dry or ground in oil, 3c. per pound. 

Logwood and other dye-woods, extracts and decoctions of, 10 per cent. 

Ochres and ochrey earths, not provided for, when dry, 50c. per 100 poonda; 
when ground in oil, $1.50 per 100 pounds; Spanish brown, 25 per cent. 

Sumac, 10 per cent. 

Ultramarine, 6c. per pound. 

Umber, 50c. per 100 pounds. 

Vandyke brown, 20 per cent. 

Water-colors, 35 per cent. 

Wood-lake, Venetian red, vermillion, chrome-yellow, rose-pink, Dutch-pink, and 
paints and painter's colors, (except white ajid red lead and oxide of zinc, ) dry or 
ground in oil, and moist water colors used in the manufacture of paper-hanginga 
and colored papers and cards, not provided for, 25 per cent. 

Zinc, oxide of, dry or ground in oil, Ifc. per pound. 

Paper.— Sized or glued, suitable only for printing paper, 25 per cent.; printing, 
unsized, used for books and news-papers exclusively, 20 per cent. ; manufactures of, 
or of which paper is a component material, not provided for, 35 per cent. ; sheath- 
ing paper, 10 per cent, 

Paper boxes and all other fancy boxes, 35 per cent. 

Paper envelopes, 35 per cent. 

Paper-hangings and jDaper for screens or fire-boards, pajjer, antiquarian, demy, 
drawing, elephant, foolscaj), imperial letter and all other paper not provided for, 
35 per cent. 

Paper-mache, manufactures, articles and wares of, 35 per cent. 

Paraflfine, 10c. per pound. 

Parchment, 30 per cent 

Patent size, 20 per cent. 

Paving-stones, not provided for, 10 per cent. 

Pea-nuts or ground beans, Ic. per pound; shelled, l|c. per pound. 

Pencils of wood, filled with lead or other materials" 50c. per gross and 30 par 
cent. 

Pencils, lead, not in wood, $1 per gross. 

Pens, metallic, 10c. per gross and 25 per cent. 

Pen-tips and pen-holders, or parts thereof, 35 per cent. 

Percussion caps, 40 per cent. 

Philosophical apparatus and instruments , 40 per cent. : Provided, That any phi- 
losophical apparatus and instruments imported for the use of any society incorpor- 
ated for religious purposes, arc subject to a duty of 15 per cent. 

Pins, solid-head or other, 35 per cent. 

Pipe-cases, pipe-stems, tips, mouth-pieces and metallic mountings for pipes, and 
all other parts of pipes or pipe-fixtures, and all smokers' articles, 75 per cent. 

Pipes and pipe-bowls. — Meerschaum, wood, porcelain, lava and all other tobacco- 
smoking pipes and pipe-bowls, not provided for, $1.50 per gross and 75 per cent.; 
pipes, clay, common or white, 35 per cent. 

Pitch, 20 per cent. 

Plants. — Fruit, shade, lawn and ornamental trees, shrubs, plants and flower- 
seeds, not provided for, garden seeds, and all other seeds for agricultural and hor- 
ticultural purposes, not provided for, 20 per cent. 

Plaster of Paris, when ground or calcined, 20 per cent. 

Plated and gilt ware of all kinds, 35 per cent. 

Plates, engraved, of steel, 25 percent; of wood or other material, 25 per cent. 

Playing-cards, costing not over 25c. per pack, 25c. per pack; costing over 25c. 
per pack, 35c. per pack. 

Plums, 2^0. per pound. 

Polishing" powders of all descriptions, Frankfort Black, and Berlin, Chinese, fig, 
and wash blue, 25 per cent. 

Potash. — Bichromate of, 3c. per pound; chlorate and chromate of, 3c. per pound; 
hydriodate, iodate, iodide, 75c. per pound; acetate, 25c. per pound; prussiate, 
yellow, 5c. per poimd; prussiate, red, 10c. per pound. 

Precious stones and jewelry. — Diamonds, cameos, mosaics, gems, pearls, rabies 
and other precious stones, when not set, 10 per cent; when set in gold, silver or 



AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. 



This building stands north of the Horticultural Building, on tho 
eastern side of Belmont Avenue. The materials used are glass and 
wood. The ground plan is a parallelogram of 540 feet by 820 feet, 
covering a space of about 10 acres. It consists of a long nave crossed 
by three transepts, both nave and transepts being composed of 
Howe truss arches of a Gothic form. The nave is 820 feet in length 
by 125 feet in width, with a height of 75 feet from the floor to the 
point of the arch. The central transept is of the same height, and a 
breadth of 100 feet, the two end transepts 70 feet high and 80 feet 
wide. The reception of articles within the Hall commenced Janu- 
ary 5th, 1876, and ended on April 19th. In this building there will also 
be a display of all the products of the Forest, both in primary and 
secondary form, and it is proposed that the bark of one or more of 
the giant trees of California be taken off the trunk in segments and 
sections, to be placed on arrival on a skeleton frame of the same di- 
mensions as the original. Agricultural Hall having an elevation oi 
75 feet, will give room for an exhibit of one of these monster trees. 
Another very important display m this building will be that of the 
Fruits of our varied climates, and also those of more northern and 
tropical regions. The classification and arrangement of location of 
fruits will be according to their species and variety, all of a similar 
character being assembled together; thus all grapes, from whatever 
source, will be placed in one position; the same with apples, pears, 
and the entire list of cultivated and wild fruits and nuts. The space 
designed for the fish, fish-cultural, and fishing-tackle display, in the 
Agricultural Building, is on the west side. It will be 40 feet wide, 
and extend the entire length of the hall, about 800 feet, half of the 
space having been reserved for the United States. The hatching ap- 
paratus and the things pertaining thereto, and the aquaria, will bo on 
the side next to the lights, and the display of fishing-tackle, etc., on 
the opposite side. The Agricultural Bureau has also made thorough 
provision for the display of Agricultural Machinery and Implements, 
and a section of Agricultural Hall will be set aside for this purpose. 
Steam-power will be provided for such machinery. The contract for 
the building was awarded to PhiHp Quigley, of Wilmington, Del., 
who so satisfactorily and promptly erected Machinery Hall. 



TABirr OF THE imiTED STATES. 61 

other metal, or in imitation thereof, and all other jewelry, 25 per cent. : watch iew- 
els, 10 per cent. •' 

Proprietary Medicines.— Pills, powders, tinctures, troches or lozenges, sirups 
cordials, bitters, anodynes, tonics, plasters, liniments, salves, ointments, pastea' 
drops, waters, essences, spirits, oils or other medicinal preparations or compositions' 
recommended to the public as proprietary medicines, or prepared according to some 
pnvate formula or secret art as remedies or specifics for any disease or diseases or 
affections whatever aft'ecting the human or animal body, 50 per cent. 

Putty, $1.50 per 100 pounds. 

Quicksilver, 15 per cent. 

Quinine, salts of, other than sulphate of, 45 per cent; sulphate of, 20 per cent 

Kags of whatever material, not provided for, 10 per cent. 

Eaisins, 2|c. per pound. 

Rattans and reeds, manufactured or partially manufactured, 25 per cent 

Ked precipitate, 20 per cent. 

Resins, gum, not provided for, and rosin, 20 per cent 

Rochelle salts, 6c. per pound. 

Roman cement, 20 per cent. 

Saleratus and bicarbonate of soda. He. per pound. 

Sal-soda and soda ash, ^c. per pound. 

Salt— In bags, sacks, barrels, or other packages, 12c. per 100 pounds: in bulk 
oc. per 100 pounds. 

Saltpetre.— Crude, Ic. perpound; refined and partially refined, 2c. per pound, 
baits.— Epsom, Ic. per pound; glauber; ic. per pound; preparations of, not pro- 
vided lor, 20 per cent. " 
Santonine, $3 per pound. 

Scagliola tops» for tables or other articles of furniture, 35 per cent 
Sealing-wax. 35 per cent. 
Shaddock, 10 per cent. 
Shells, manufactures of, 35 per cent 

Side-arms of every description, not provided for, 35 per cent. 
Skates costing 20c. or less per pair, 8c. per pair; costing over 20c. per pair, 35 

Smalts, 20 percent 

Soap.— Fancy, perfumed, honey, transparent and all descriptions of toilet and 
ehaving soaps, 10c. per pound, and 25 per cent; soap not provided for, Ic. per 
pound and 30 per cent. l- r- ^ f 

Soda.— Caustic, l^c. per pound; hyposulphate of, and all carbonates of, by what- 
ever name designated, not provided for, 20 per cent; silicate of, or other alkaline 
silicates, ^c. per pound. 

Sponges, 20 per cent. 

Sporting-gun wads of all descriptions, 35 per cent. 

Starch, made of potatoes or corn, Ic. per pound and 20 per cent ; made of rice 
or any other material, 3c. per poimd and 20 per cent. 

Staves for pipes, hogsheads, or other casks, 10 per cent.; other staves, 20 per 

Stereotppe plates, 25 per cent. 

Stones.— Freestone, granite, sandstone, and all building or monumental stone 
except marble, $1.50 per ton. 

Strings.— All strings of whip-gut or cat-gut, other than strings for musical instru- 
ments, 30 per cent 

Strychnia, $1 per ounce. 

Strychnine, salts of, not provided for, $1.50 per ounce. 

Sulphur, flour of, $20 per ton and 15 per cent 

TaUow, Ic. per pound. 

Tannin, $2 per pound. 

Tar, 20 per cent 

Tartar-emetic, 15c. per pound. 

Teeth, manufactured, 20 per cent. 

Tin, oxide, muriatic and salts of tin and tin-foil, 30 per cent 

Toys, wooden and other, for children, 50 per cent 

Twine or pack-thread, not otherwise provided for, 35 per cent 

Turpentine, spirits of, 30c. per gallon. 

Types, new, 25 per cent. 

Type-metal, 25 per cent 

Umbrella and parasol ribs and stretchers, frames, tips, runners, handles or other 
parts thereof, when made in whole or chief part of iron, steel or any other metal, 



62 



TARIFF OF THE UNITED STATES. 



45 per cent. ; umbrellas, parasols and sun-shades, when covered with silk or alpaca, 
60 per cent. ; all other umbrellas, 45 per cent. 

Umbrellas, parasols and sun-shades, frames and sticks for, finished or unfinished, 
not provided for, 35 per cent. 

Varnish valued at $1.50 or less per gallon, 50c. per gallon and 20 per cent. ; val- 
ued at above $1.60 per gallon, 60c. per gallon and 25 per cent. 

Vellum, 30 per cent. 

Velvet, when printed or painted, 35 per cent. 

Vitriol, white, or sulphate of zinc , 20 per cent ; blue vitriol, 4c. per pound. 

Waste, all not provided for, '20 per cent. 

Watches, watch-cases, watch-movements, parts of watches and watch materials, 
25 per cent. 

Webbing, composed of cotton, flax, or any other materials, not provided for, 35 
per cent. 



THE "LITTLE TAEirF"IAW. 

Passed February 8, ISTS. 

Geneeal Natitre. 

AN ACT to Amend existing customs and Internal Kevenue Laws, and for other 
purposes. 

Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Rqyresentatives of the United StcMes of 
America, in Congress assembled, That from and after the date of the passage of this 
act, in lieu of the duties heretofore imposed on the importation of the goods, wares 
and merchandise hereinafter specified, the following rates of duty shall be exacted, 
namely : On Spun silk, for filling, in skeins or cops, 35 per centum ad valorem ; on 
silk in the gum, not more advanced than singles, tram, and thrown or organzine, 
35 per cent. ; on floss silks, 35 per cent. ; on sewing silk, in the gum or purified, 40 
per cent. ; on lastings, mohair cloth, silk twist, or other manufactures of cloth, 
woven or made in patterns of such size, shape or form, or cut in such manner as to 
be fit for buttons exclusively, 10 per cent. ; on all goods, wares and merchandise not 
otherwise herein provided for, made of silk, or of which silk is the component 
material of chief value, irrespective of the classification thereof for duty I y or 
under previous laws, or of their commercial designation, 60 per cent. : Provided, 
That this act shall not apply to goods, wares or merchandise which have, as a com- 
ponent material thereof, 25 per cent, or over in value of cotton, flax, wool or 
worsted. 

Sec. 2. That from and after the. passage of this act, in lieu of the duties now im- 
posed by law on the merchandise hereinafter enumerated, imported from foreign 
countries, there shall be levied, collected and paid, the following duties, that is to 
say: 

On all still wines, imported in casks, 40c. per gallon. 

On all still wines, imported in bottles, $1. 60 per case of 1 dozen bottles, contain- 
ing each not more than 1 quart and more than 1 pint, or 24 bottles, containing each 
not more than 1 pint; and any excess beyond those quantities found in such bot- 
tles shall be subject to a duty of 6c. per pint or fractional part thereof, but no sep- 
arate or additional duty shall be collected on the bottles: Provided, That any ^vinea 
imported containing more than 24 per cent, of alcohol shall be forfeited to the 
United States : Provided also. That there shall be an allowance of 5 per cent, and no 
more, on all effervescing wines, liquors, cordials and distilled spirits, in bottles, to 
be deducted from the invoice quantity in lieu of breakage. 

Sec. 3. That all imported wines of the character provided for in the preceding 
section which may remain in public store or bonded ware-house on the day this act 
shall take effect shall be subject to no other duty upon the withdrawal thereof for 
consumption than if the same were imported after that day : Provided, That any 
such wines remaining on shipboard within the limits of any port of entry in the 
United States on the day aforesaid, duties unpaid, shall, for the purposes of this 
tiecUoQ, be considerpd as constructively in public store or bonded ware-house. 



TASirT or THI UNITBD STATB«. CS 

Sec. 4. That on and after the data of the passage of this act, in lieu of the duties 

imposed by law on the articles in this section enumerated, there shall be levied, 

• collected and paid on the goods, wares and merchandise in this section enumerated 

and provided for, imported from foreign countries, the following duties and rates 

of duties, that is to say: 

On hops, 8c . per pound- 
On chromate and bichromate of potassa, 4c. per pound. 

On macaroni and vermicelli, and on all similar preparations, 2c. per pound. 

On nitro-benzole, or oil of mirbane, 10c. per pound. 

On tin in plates or sheets and on terne and taggers' tin, 1 and 1-lOc. per pound. 

On anchovies and sardines, packed in oil or otherwise, in tin boxes, 15c. per 
whole box, measuring not more than 5 inches long, 4 inches wide, and Sh inches 
deep; 7Jc. for each half-box, measuring not more than 5 inches long, 4" inches 
wide and If inches deep ; and 4c. for each J box, measiiring not more than 4| inches 
long, 3h inches wide and 1| inches deep; when imported in any other form, 60 per 
cent. : iProvided, That cans or packages made of tin or other material containing 
fish of any kind admitted free of duty under any existing law or treaty, not exceed- 
ing 1 quart in contents, shall be subject to duty of l^c.on each can or package; 
and when exceeding 1 quart, shall be subject to an addltonal duty of l^c. for each 
additional quart, or fractional part thereof. 

Sec. 6. That yellow sheathiug-metal and yellow metal-bolts, of which the com- 
ponent part of chief value is copper, shall be deemed manufactures of copper, and 
shall pay the duty now prescribed by law for manufactures of copper, and shall be 
entitled to the drawback allowed by law to copper and composition-metal whenever 
the same shall be used in the construction or equipment or repair of vessels built 
in the United States for the purpose of being employed in the foreign trade, includ- 
ing the trade between the Atlantic and Pacixic ports of the United States. 

Sec. 6. That section 4 of the act entitled "AiiAct to reduce duties on imports 
and to reduce internal taxes, and for other purposes," approved June 6th, 1872, be, 
and the same is hereby amended by striking out the 30th paragraph of said section 
in relation to the duty of Moisic iron, and from and after the passage of this act, 
the duty on Moisic iron, of whatever condition, grade or stage of manufacture, 
shall be the same as on aU other species of iron of hke condition, grade or stage of 
manufacture. 

Sec. 7. That the duty on jute-butts shall be $6 per ton: Provided, That all ma- 
chinery not now manufactured in the United States adapted exclusively to manfac- 
tures from the fibre of the ramie, jute or flax, may be admitted into the United 
States free of duty for 2 years from the 1st of July, 1875: And provided further. 
That bags, other than of American manufacture, in which grain shall have been 
actually exported from the United States, may be returned empty to the United 
States free of duty, under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the 
Treasury. 

Sec. 8. That on and after the date of the passage of this act, the importation of 
the articles enumerated and described in this section shall be exempt from duty, 
that is to say: Alizarine, quicksilver, ship-planking and handle-bolts, spurs 
and stilts used in the manufacture if earthen, stone or crockery ware, seed of the 
sugar-beet. 

Sec. 9. That barrels and grain-bags, the manufacture of the United States, when 
exported filled with American products, or exported empty and returned filled with 
foreign products, may be returned to the United States free of duty, under such 
rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, and 
the provisions of this section shall apply to and include shocks when returned as 
barrels or boxes as aforesaid. 

Sec 10. That where bullets and gimpowder, manufactured in the United States 
and put up in envelopes or shells in the form of cartridges, such envelope or shell being 
made whoUy or in part of domestic materials, are exported, there shall be allowed 
on the bullets or gunpowder, on the materials of which duties have been paid, a 
drawback equal in amount to the duty paid on such materials, and no more, to be 
ascertained mider such regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of the 
Treasury: Provided, That 10 per cent, on the amount of aU drawbacks so allowed 
shall be retained for the use of the United 'States by . the collectors paying such 
drawback respectively. * 

Sec. 11. That the oaths now required to be taken by subordinate officers of the 
ens oms may be taken before the collector of the customs in the district in which 
they are appointed, or before any officer authorized to administer oaths generally, 
and the oaths shall be taken in duplicate, one copy to be transmitted-to the Com- 
missioner of Customs, and the other to be filed with the Collector of Customs Ibr 



64 TAUm* OF THE tnsnTEB STATES. 

./ 

the district in ■which the officer appointed acta. And in defanit of taking such 
oath , or transmitting a certificate thereof, or filing the same with the collector, the 
party failing shall forfeit and pay the sum of $200, to be recovered with cost of suit 
in any court of competent iurisdiction, to the use of the United States. 

INTERNAL REVENUE. 

Sec. 12. That the collector of internal revenue shall be authorized to appoint, 
by an instrument in writing under his hand, as many deputies as he may think 
proper, to be by him compensated for their services; to revoke any such appoint- 
ment, giving such notice thereof as the Commissioner of Internal Bevenue may 
prescribe, and to require and accept bonds or other securities from such deputy, 
and actions upon such bonds may be brought in any appropriate district or circuit 
court of the United States; which courts are hereby given jurisdiction of such ac- 
tions concurrently with the courts of the several States. Each such deputy shall 
have the like authority in every respect to collect the taxes levied or assessed 
within the portion of the district assigned to him which is, by law, vested in the 
collector himself; but each collector shall, in every respect, be responsible both to 
the United States and to individuals as the case may be, for all moneys collected, 
and for every act done, or neglected to be done, by any of his deputies whUe acting 
as such. 

Sec. 13. That there shall be further paid, after the account thereof has been 
rendered to and approved by the proper oflicers of the Treasury, to each collector, his 
necessary and reasonable charges for advertising, stationery and blank-books used 
in the performance of his official duties, and for postage actually paid on letters and 
documents received or sent and excla^r'vely relating to official business; but no such 
account shall be approved or allowed unless it states the date and the particular 
items of every such expenditure, and shall be verified by the oath of the collector: 
Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury, on the recommendation of the Com- 
missioner of Internal Revenue, be authorized to make such further allowances, 
from time to time, as may be reasonable, in cases in which, from the territorial ex- 
tent of the district, or from the amount of internal duties collected, it may seem 
just to make such allowances; but no such allowances shall be made except withia 
one year after such services are rendered. But the total net compensation of a 
collector shall not in any case exceed $4,500 a year, and no collector shall be enti- 
tled to any portion of the salary pertaining to the office unless such collector shall 
have been confirmed by the Senate, except in cases of commissions to fill vacancies 
which may have happened by death or resignation during the recess of the Senate. 

Sec. 14. That the existing pro^'isions of law for the redemption of, or allowance 
for, internal revenue documentary stamps, the use of which has been rendered un- 
necessary by the repeal of the taxes for the payment of which such stamps were 
provided, shall apply only to such of said stamps as shall be presented to the Com- 
missioners of Internal Revenue for allowance or redcDiption before the first day of 
October, 1875, and no allowance, redemption or refunding on account of such of 
the aforesaid stamps as shall not be bo presented to the said Commissioner prior t* 
the date last mentioned shall be thereafter made. 

Sec. 15. That the words "bank-check, draft or order for the payment of any sum of 
money whatsoever, drawn upon any hank, hanker or trust-company at sight or ondemand, 
two cents," in Schedule B of the act of June thirtieth, eighteen-hundred and sixty-four, be, 
and the same is hereby, stricken out, and the following paragraph inserted in lieu 
thereof : 

' ' Bank-check, draft, order, or voucher for the payment of any sum of money wTtatso. 
erer, drawn upon any bank, banker or irust-compauy, two cents." 

Sec. 16. That any person who shall carry on the business of a rectifier, whole- 
sale liquor-dealer, retail liquor-dealer, wholesale dealer in malt liquors, retail 
dealer in malt liquors, or manufacturer of stills, without having paid the special 
tax as required by law, or who shall carry on the business of a distiller without hav- 
ing given bond as required by law, or who shall engage in or carry on the business 
of a distiller with intent to defraud the United States of the tax on the spirits dis- 
tilled by him, or any part thereof, shall, for every such ofl'ense, be fined not less 
than$100nor more than $5, 000, and imprisoned not less than 30 days nor more 
than 2 years. And all distilled spirits or wines, and all stills or other apparatus, 
fit or intended to be used for the distillation or rectification of spirits, or for tha 
compounding of liquors, owned by such persons, wherever foimd, aud all distilled 
spirits or wines and personal property found in the' distillery or rectifying estabUsh- 
ment, or in any building, room, yard or enclosure connected therewith, and used 



TAKLFF OF THE UNITED STATES. 65 

with or constituting a part of the premiRes, and all the right, title and interest 
of snch persons in the lot or tract of land on which such distilleiy is situated , and 
all right, title and interest therein of every person who knowingly has suffered or 
permitted the business of a distiller to be there carried on, or has connived at the 
same; and all personal property owned by or in possession of any person who has 
permitted or suffered any building, yard or inclosure, or any part thereof, to be 
used for purposes of ingress or egress to or from such distillery which shall be 
found in any such building, yard or enclosure, and all the right, title and interest 
of every person in any premises used for ingress or egress to or from such distillery, 
who has knowingly suffered or permitted such i remises to be used for such ingress 
or egress, shall be forfeited to the United States. 

Sec. 17. That if any person shall affix, or cause to be aflSxed, to or upon any cask 
or package containing, or intended to contain, distilled spirits, any imitation stamp 
or other engrared, printed, stamped, or photographed label, device or token, 
v/hether the same be designed as a trade mark, caution notice, caution or other- 
wise, and which shall be in the similitude or hkeness of, or shall have the resem- 
blance or general appearance of, any internal revenue stamp required by law to be 
affixed to or iiponany cask or package containing distilled spirits, he shall, for each 
offence, be liable to a penalty of $100, and, on conviction, shall be fined not more 
than $1,000, and imprisoned not more than 3 years, and the cask or package, with 
its contents, shall be forfeited to the United States. 

Sec. 18. That retail dealers in liquors shall pay $25. Every person who sells, or 
offers for sale, foreign or domestic distilled spirits, wines or malt liquors, otherwise 
than as hereinafter pro-saded, in less quantities than 5 wine gallons at the same 
time, shall be regarded as a retail dealer in liquors. Wholesale liquor dealers shall 
t;ach pay $100. Every person who sells, or offers for sale, foreign or domestic dis- 
tilled spirits, wines or malt liquors, otherwise than as hereinafter provided, in 
quantities of not less than 5 wine gallons at the same time, shall be regarded as a 
wholesale liquor dealer. But no distiller, who has given the required bond, and 
who sells only distilled spirits of his own production at the place of manufacture 
in the original packages to which the tax stamps are affixed, shall be required to 
pay the special tax of a wholesale liquor dealer on account of such sales. Retail 
dealers in malt liquors shall pay $20. Every person who sells, or offers for sale, 
malt liquors in less quantities than 5 gallons at one time, but who does not deal in 
spirituous hquors, shall be regarded as a retail dealer in malt liquors. Wholesale 
dealers in malt liquors shall pay $50. Every person who sells, or offers for sale, 
malt liquors in quantities of not less than 5 gallons at onetime, but who does not 
deal in spirituous liquors, shall be regarded as a wholesale dealer in malt liquors: 
Provided, That no brewer shall be required to pay a special tax as a wholesale dealer 
by reason of selling in the original stamped packages , whether at the place of 
manufacture or elsewhere, malt liquors manufactured by him: Provided further, 
That any assessments of additional special tax against wholesale liquor dealers, or 
retail liquor dealers, or against brewers for selling malt liquors of their own pro- 
duction at the place of manufacture in the original casks or packages, made by 
reason of an amendment to section 59 of the internal revenue act approved July 
20th, 1868, as amended by section 13 of the act approved Jiine 6th, 1872, further 
amending said section 59,'by striking out the words "malt liquor," "malt liquors," 
" brewer," and " malt liquors" in the three several paragraphs in which they occur, 
shall be, on proper proofs, remitted; and if such assessments have been paid, the 
amounts so paid shall be, on proper proofs, refunded by the Commissioner of 
Internal Revenue. 

Sec. 19. That every person, firm, association other than national bank associa- 
tions, and every corporation. State bank or State banking association, shall pay a 
tax of 10 per cent, on the amount of their own notes used for circulation and paid 
out by them. 

Sfc. 20. That every person, firm, association, corporation, State bank or State 
banking association, and also every national banking association, shall pay a like 
tax of 10 per cent, on the amount of notes of any person, firm, association other 
than a national banking association, or of any corporation, State bank or State 
banking association, or of any town, city or municipal corporation, used for circu- 
lation, and paid out by them. 

Sec. 21. That the amount of such circulating notes, and of the tax due theseon, 
shall be returned, and the tax paid at the same time, and in the same manner, and 
with like penalties for failure to return and pay the same, as providedby law for 
the return and payment of taxes on deposits, capital and circulation, imposed by 
the existing provisions of internal revenue law. 

Sec. 22. That hereafter nothing contained in the internal revenue laws shall be 



66 TARLFF OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Qonstrued so as to authorize the imposition of any stamp tax upon any medicinal 
articles prepared by any manufacturing chemist, pharmaceutist, or druggist, in 
accordance with a formula published in any standard dispensatory or pharmacopoeia 
in common use by physicians and apothecaries, or in any pharmaceutical journal 
issued by any incorporated college of pharmacy, when such formula and where 
found shall l^e distinctly referred to on the printed label attached to such article, 
and no proprietary interest therein is claimed. Neither shall any stamp be required 
when the formula of any medicinal preparation shall be printed on the label 
attached to such article where no proprietorship in such preparation shall be 
claimed. 

Sec. 23. That all acts and parts of acts imposing fines, penalties, or other punish- 
ment for oflfences committed by an internal revenue ofl&cer or other ofl&cer of the 
Department of the Treasury of the United States, or under any bureau thereof, 
shall be, and are hereby, applied to all persons whomsoever employed, appointed 
or acting under the authority of any internal revenue or customs law, or any 
revenue provision of any law of the United States, when such persons are desig- 
nated or acting as officers or deputies, or persons having the custody or disposition 
of any public money. 

Sec. 24. That whenever any manufacturer of tobacco shall desire to withdraw the 
same from his factory for exportation under existing laws, such manufacturer may, 
at his option, in lieu of executing an export bond, as now provided by law, give a 
transportation bond, with sureties satisfactory to the collector of internal revenue, 
ai.d under such rules and regulations as the Commissioner of Internal Kevenue, 
with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may prescribe, conditioned for 
the due delivery thereof on board ship at a port of exportation to be named therein; 
and in such case, on arrival of the tobacco at the port of export, the exporter or 
owner at that port shall immediately notify the collector of the port of the fact, 
setting forth his intention to export the same, the name of the vessel upon which 
the same is to be laden, and the port to which it is intended to be exported. He 
shall, after the quantity and description of tobacco have been verified by the in- 
spector, file with the collector of the port an export entry verified by affidavit. He 
shaU also give bond to the United States, with at least two sureties, satisfactory to 
the collector of customs, conditioned that the principal named in said bond M-ill 
export the tobacco as specified in said entry, to the port designated in said entry, 
or to some other port without the jurisdiction of the United States. And upon the 
landing of such tobacco, the collector of the port, after proper bonds for the expor- 
tation of the same have been completed by the exporter or owner at the port of 
shipment thereof, shall transmit to the collector of internal revenue of the district 
from which the said tobacco was withdrawn for exportation, a clearance certificate 
and a detailed report of the inspector, which report shall show the quantity and 
description of manufactured tobacco, and the marks thereof. Upon the receipt of 
the certificate and report, and upon payment of tax on deficiency, if any, the col- 
lector of internal revenue shall cancel the transportation bond. The bonds re- 
quired to be given for the lauding at a foreign port of such manufactured tobacco 
shall be cancelled upon the presentation of satisfactory proof and certificates that 
said tobacco has been landed at the port of destination named in the bill of lading, 
or any other port without the jurisdiction of the United States, or upon satisfactory 
proof that after shipment the same was lost at sea without fault or neglect of the 
owner or exporter thereof. 

Seo. 25. That if any person or persons shall fraudulently claim or seek to obtain 
an allowance or drawback of duties on any manufactured tobacco, or shall fraudu- 
lently claim any greater allowance or drawback thereon than the duty actually paid, 
such person or persons shall forfeit triple the amount wrongfully or fraudulently 
claimed or sought to be obtained, or the sum of $500, at the election of the Secre- 
tary of the Treasury, to be recovered as in other cases of forfeiture provided for in 
the internal revenue laws. 

Sec. 26. That the time limited for the redemption of direct tax lands by the act 
entitled " An Act to provide for the redemption and sale of lands held by the 
United States under the several acts levying direct taxes, and for other pia-poses." 
approved June 8th, 1872, be, and the same is hereby extended for the period of one 
year, from June 8th, 1874, at the expiration of which time the Commissioner of 
Internal Kevenue shall proceed to sell the lands as provided by section 4 of said 
act. 

All articles not hereinbefore provided for are free. 



VALVE OF QOLTt AXD S'.LYEU COINS 



67 



GOLD AND SILVEK COINB 



V*.IjC« of F0REI«N gold and SILTF.F. vJOIM in the MONEt Q^ 
UNITED STjjTES. 



GOLD COINS. 



Country. 



Australia 

do 

Anstiia 

do 

do 

Beltjium 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

(jBntral America 

Chili 

do....; 

Denmark 

Ecuador 

England 

France 

Germany, Nortli 

do 

do 

do South 

Greece 

Hiiidostan 

Italy 

Japan 

iMn,\ico 

N aplea 

N etherlaiida 

Sew Granada . . 

do 

do 

Peru 

Portugal 

Prussia 

Rinue 

Knssia - . 

Si)aiu 

do 

Sweden 

Tuiii.s 

Turkey 

TuBcany 



Denomination. 



Pound of ]852 

Sovereign, 1855-60. 

Ducat , 

Sovereign , 

Xew union crown. 
Twenty-fli'e I'ranc.H 

Doubloon 

Twenty nab-eis 

Two escudos 

Old doubldou 

Ten pesos 

Ten thaler 

Four escudos 

Pound or soveroiL'n 
Xapoleon or 20 francs 

Teu thaler 

Ten thaler, Prussian . 
Krone — crown ....... 

Ducat 

Twenty drachms 

Mohur 

Twenty lire 

Old cobang 

New cobang 

Doubloon 

Six ducati 

Ten Guilders 

Old doubloon, Bogota. 
Old doubloon, Popayan 

Ten pesos 

Old doubkon 

Gold crowa 

New union cro^vn 

Two & on'e-half scudi 

Five roubles 

One hundred reals 

EigLty reals 

Ducat 

Twenty-five piastres. - 
One liundred piastres. 
Sequiii . 







Vftliie 




gold. 




e'. 3-:! 




4 hC 




'2 -26 




GT5 




0G4 




4 70 




i.-)r)3 




1091 




:* C9 




1 :>:)!) 




9 15 




7;»o 




t OJ 




4 ^6 




3.SG 




7:10 




7 97 




6 04 




2i28 




3 44 




7 08 




3 84 




4 44 




3 58 




15 61 




5 04 




4 00 




\5 61 




ii5 38 




St 68 




15 56 




5 81 




6 64 




2 60 




3 98 




4 96 




3 86 




2 24 




3 00 




1 4 37 




1 2 31 





SILVER COIN.- 



Country. 



Au.stria 

do 

do 

do 

Belgium 

Bolfvia 

do 

Brazil 

Canada 

O'litral America 

Chili 

do 

Denmark 

Eugland 

France 

Germany, North 

do 

Germany, South 

do ^ 

Greece 

Uindostan 

Japan 

do 

Mexico 

Naples 

Netherlands 

Norway 

New Granada . . 

Peru 

do 

do. 

Prussia 

do 

Rome 

Russia 

Sardinia 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Tunis 

Turkey 

Tuscany 



Denomination 



Old rix dollar 

Old scudo 

Florin before 1858 
New union dollar . . 

Mve francs 

New dollar 

Half dollar . 

Double milreis 

Twenty cents 

Dollar 

Old doUar 

New dollar 

Two rigsdaler 

Shilling 

Five fj'ancs 

riialer, before IS,")? . 

Xcw thaler 

Floiin, before 1857. . . 

New florin 

Five drachms 

Rujiee 

Itzebu 

New itzebu 

Dollar — new 

Scudo 

Two and J^ gailders. 

Specie dalor 

Dollar of 1857 

Old dollar 

Dollar, of 1858 

Half-dollar, 1835-38.. 
Thaler, before 1857 . . 

New thaler 

Scudo 

Rouble 

Five lire 

New pistareen 

Rix dollar 

Two francs 

Five piastres 

Twenty piastres 

Florin 



;!• 'r. 

n 02 
; 03 

51 

73 

98 
79 
39 

I 03 
19 

I 00 

I 07 
98 

til 
23 
98 
73 
73 
42 
43 
48 
47 

6A 

I 07 
95 

103 

1 11 
98 

106 
95 
38 
73 
73 

106 
79 
93 

13# 

1 11 
40 
64 
87 
38 



(18 



-1 GRJCULTUBAL 



AGRICULTURAL. 



SUMMARY FOE EACH STATE, SHOWING THE PRODTTCT, THE NUMBER <H-' 
ACEES, AND THE VALUE OF EACH CHOP FOE 1870. 



Maine 

New Hampiftilre. 

V'ermont 

Massachusetts . . 
Rhode Island . . . 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Mai\vland 

Virginia 

North Carolina. . 
Sonth Carolina... 

Georgia 

Horida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

West Virginia... 

Ken tuck}' 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Michigan 

"r^isconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Nebraska 

California 

Oregon 

Nevada 

The Territories. . 

Total.... 



INDIAN CORN. 



Bushels. 



1,198,000 

1,213,000 

1,920,000 

1,32T,000 

280,000 

1,413,000 

19,426,000 

10,057,000 

38,866,000 

3,311,000 

11,818,000 

19,360,000 

22,500,000 

12,000,000 

31,000,000 

2,247,000 

35,334,000 

30,300,000 

18,000,000 

23,690,000 

25,0000,00 

51,000,000 

9,837,000 

63,345,000 

94,990,000 

201,378,000 

113,150,000 

87,751,000 

19,035,000 

19,995,000 

5,823,000 

93,415,000 

16,685,000 

5,163,000 

1,099,000 

88,000 

11,000 

1,230,000 



1,094,255,000 



Acres. 



36,303 

33,232 

48,484 

40,212 

10,769 

53,522 

571,352 

304,757 

1,085,642 

132,440 

525,244 

968,000 

1,541,095 

1,348,314 

2,296,296 

208,055 

2,019,085 

1,836,363 

800,000 

893,962 

786,163 

1,976,744 

323,585 

1,973,364 

3,025,159 

5,720,965 

2,864,556 

2,250,025 

514,459 

526,184 

176,454 

2,919,218 

595,892 

172,675 

30,870 

2,962 

314 

34,261 



38,646,977 



Value of 
crop. 



$1,365,720 

1,322,170 

2,112,000 

1,300,460 

296,800 

1,610,820 

16,900,620 

8,146,170 

29,149,500 

2,152,150 

8,390,780 

12,584,000 

17,550,000 

12,720,000 

27,900,000 

3,033,450 

32,860,620 

29,694,000 

19,800,000 

25,111,400 

20,000,000 

23,970,000 

6,295,680 

30,405,600 

41,765,600 

70,482,300 

42,997,000 

42,120,480 

10,469,250 

10,397,400 

2,969,730 

31,761,100 

9,677,300 

1,858,680 

1,318,800 

88,000 

13,756 

1,217,700 



$601,839,030 



WHEAT. 



Bushels. 



264,000 

174,000 

409.000 

35,000 

700 

38,000 

9,133,000 

1,680 000 

17,115,000 

626,000 

4,792,000 

6,705,000 

4,218,000 

1,012,000 

2.387,000 



1,041,000 

221,000 

41,000 

1,225,000 

1,251,000 

7,357,000 

2 533,000 

5,610,000 

6,750,000 

27,115,000 

20.200,000 

19,150,000 

15,288,000 

20,485,000 

16,022,000 

20,445,000 

2,343.000 

1,848.000 

14,175,000 

2,270,000 

251,000 

1,675,000 



235,884,700 



Acres. 



17,837 

11,756 

24,345 

1,988 

39 

2,134 

661,811 

131,250 

1,426,250 

62,600 

494,020 

698,437 

490,465 

144,571 

298.375 



123,928 

22,783 

4,226 

104,700 

115,833 

836,022 

222,105 

561,000 

519,230 

2,259,583 

1,836,363 

1,387,681 

1,092,000 

1,528,731 

1,054,078 

1. 635,600 

156200 

128,333 

746,052 

116,410 

10,680 

65,175 



18,992,591 



Value of 
crop. 

$469,920 

276,660 

666,670 

61,2.50 

1.22S 

57,760 

12,877,530 

2,402,400 

21.736,058 

782,500 

6,133,760 

8,314,200 

5,103,780 

1,912,680 

3,508,890 



1.332,480 

335,920 

62,320 

d,119,250 

1,626,300 

7,136,590 

3,090,260 

5,610.000 

6,142, .500 

25,488.100 

20,200.000 

20,873,500 

16,511,040 

18,436,-500 

13,298,260 

15,947,100 

2,014,980 

1,182,720 

15.592,500 

2,156,500 

376, 50e 

2,026,750 

0*145,865,045 



laalne 

New Hampshire, 

Vermont 

Massachusetts . , 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania.. . 

Delawoj-e 

Maryland 

Virginia 



RYE. 



Bushels. 



32,000 
43,000 
67,000 

232,000 
20,60) 

289,000 
2,230,000 

470,000 

3,148,000 

10,000 

264,000 

519,000 



Acres. 



1,818 

2,687 

4,240 

15,064 

1,144 

20,069 

171,538 

35,074 

262,3.33 

892 

35,142 

54,062 



Value of 
crop. 



144,160 

53,320 

77,050 

255,200 

26,162 

335,240 

2,163,100 

455,900 

2,801,720 

8,300 

205,920 

378,870 



OATS. 



Birshels. 



2,163,000 

1,066,000 

3,_70,000 

733,000 

152,000 

913,000 

29,646,000 

4,040.000 

34,289,000 

498,000 

3,286,000 

7,175,000 



78,941 

35,892 

94,065 

27,765 

4.648 

28,179 

915,000 

130,612 

1,051,809 

24,900 

136,916 

367,948 



Value of 
crop. 



11,405,950 

703,560 

1,870,300 

535,090 

92,720 

629,970 

17,194,680 

2,186,460 

16,458,720 

249,000 

1.544,420 

3,013,500 



AGBIOULTUBAL 



69 



SUMMARY FOE EACH STATE, SHOWING THE PRODUCT, THE NUMBER OF 
ACRES, AND THE VALUE OF EACH CROP FOR 1870 — Continued. - 



STATES. 


RYE. 


OATS. 




Bushels. 


Acres. 


Value of 
crop. 


Bushels. 


Acres. 


Value of 
crop. 


North Carolina... 
South Carolina. . . . 


400,000 
60,000 
100,000 

60^666 

21,000 

21,000 

95,000 

41,600 

232,000 

280,900 

790,000 

299,000 

2,235,000 

517,000 

■450,000 

604,000 

1,219,000 

74,000 

518,000 

77,500 

12,900 

24,900 

3,800 

300 

13,000 


48,192 
10,344 
12,345 

"6485 

2,100 

2,100 

4,973 

2,285 

20,530 

19,853 

65,289 

19,166 

136,280 

37,737 

32,608 

33,186 

89,632 

4,180 

29,431 

3,725 

544 

655 

152 

12 

565 


1388,000 
102,000 
149,000 

' 63^666 

34,020 

34,020 
105,450 

41,600 
187,920 
£.32,400 
560,900 
203,320 
1,341,000 
361,900 
342,000 
453,000 
755,780 

41,440 
300,440 

53,475 
6.966 

29,631 

3,306 

375 

16,120 


2,750,000 

926,000 

1,260,000 

116,400 

700,000 

300,000 

87,000 

1,500,000 

671,000 

3,920,000 

2,655,000 

6,148,000 

5,525,000 

38,502,000 

11,668,000 

24 500,000 

9,831,000 

14,327,000 

8,959,000 

16,340,000 

3,688,000 

1,226,000 

1,581.000 

1,867,000 

59,000 

1,031,000 


169,753 

95,463 

86,301 

9,312 

44,871 

20,689 

3,480 

69,444 

28,432 

203,108 

97,610 

265,000 

221,000 

1,480,846 

415,231 

787,781 

278,498 

513,512 

272,310 

550,168 

117,079 

36,379 

44,535 

51,861 

1,815 

31.242 


1,567,500 

777,840 

1,045,800 

116,400 

553,008 

270,000 

65,250 

1.500,000 

416,020 

1,803,200 

1,062,000 

2,459,200 

2,044,250 

12,320,640 

4,083,800 

9,310,000 

3,834,090 

5,587,530 

3,046,060 

4,902 000 


Florida 


Alabama 

Mis.sissippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 


Arkansas 

Tennessee 

West Virginia . . . 
Kentucky 






Ohio. 


Wiscohsiu 

Minnesota 




1,475,200 

367 800 

932,700 

858,820 

48,970 


Nebraska 

California 


Nejiada 


The Territories . . 


804,180 


Total 


15,473,600 


1,176,137 


$12,612,605 


247,277,400 


8,792,395 


1X07,136,710 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Ma^ssachusetts - . 
Rhode Island . . . 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina. . 
^outh Carolina.. . 

Georgia 

rioriaa 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

West Virginia... 

Kentucky 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Nebraska 

California 

teegon 

Nevada 

Tlifi Territories.. 

Total... 



BAHLEY. 



586,000 

96,000 

107,000 

126,000 

30,000 

24,000 

6,616,000 

7,000 

497,000 

1,700 

10,700 

7,000 

2,000 

7,000 

12,000 



54,000 

30,866 

56,000 

304,000 

285,000 

2,232,000 
800,000 

1,578,000 
630,000 

1,431,000 
980,000 

1,227,000 

92,500 

233,700 

7,378,000 
202,000 
324,000 
328,000 



26,395,409 



30,051 

4,465 

4,592 

6,086 

1,250 

905 

312,075 

250 

20,794 

85 

486 

350 

90 

466 

800 



1,800 

"l,368 

2,800 

16,000 

10,795 

111,600 

33,195 

67,148 

25,200 

54,000 

40,000 

47,192 

3,854 

8,058 

274,275 

6,253 

11,781 

10,860 



1,108,924 



$580,140 

102,720 

108,070 

136,080 

28,800 

24,480 

5,623,600 

7,700 

452,270 

1,564 

9,630 

5,600 

1,220 

6,650 

11,640 



71,820 



23,100 

47,600 

319,200 

239,400 

1,383,840 
664,000 

1,357,080 
504,000 
958,770 
.529,200 
773,010 
69,375 
151,905 

7,230,440 
137,360 
362,880 
321,440 



$32,244,584 



BUCKWHEAT. 



443,000 

87,000 

336,000 

38,000 

1,400 

96,000 

3,435,000 

311,000 

2,278,000 

1,300 

67,000 

44,000 

17,800 



9,500 

77,000 

18,000 

84,000 

206,000 

309,000 

270.000 

901,000 

498,000 

53,000 

200,000 

31,000 

2800 

22,500 

1,400 

900 

1,900 



9,841,300 



18,458 

5,800 

19,200 

2,704 

100 

6,857 

191,899 

12,798 

126,555 

65 

4,962 

2,750 

831 



475 

3,869 

1,077 

3,559 

10,957 

16,093 

16,56'* 

52,080 

24,776 

2,849 

9,259 

1,504 

106 

692 

45 

32 

66 

536,992 



$332,350 

72,210 

252,00(J 

38,760 

1,428 

100.800 

2,782,350 

311,000 

1,936,300 

1,300 

74,370 

30,800 

10,324 



7,125 

61,600 

13,500 

56,280 

140,080 

219,390 

229,500 

558,620 

268,920 

31,800 

138,00{t 

23,8'.0 

3,.')28 

24,075 

1,974 

990 

1,900 

$7,785,044 



70 



AGRIOVLTTTRAL 



SUMMARY FOE EACH STATE, SHOWING THE PRODUCT, THE 2TOMBER OP 
ACRES, AND THE VALUE OF EACH CROP FOR 1870— Oontinued 



Maine 

New Hampebire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts . . 

Rhode Island 

Connecticnt 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . . 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina . 
South Caroliua... 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Zx)uisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

T-ennessee 

West Virginia . . 

Kentucky 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Nebraska 

California 

Oregon 

Nevada 

The Territories 

T)tal 



POTATOES. 



Bushels. 



6,527,000 

2,980.000 

4,899,000 

2,208,000 

488.000 

1,729,000 

25,121.000 

3,858.000 

11,084,000 

217,000 

897,000 

1,236,000 

742,000 

113,000 

350.000 

10,000 

450.000 

392,000 

297,000 

400.000 

450,000 

1.220,000 

1,021,000 

1,800,000 

2,200,000 

e,427.000 

2,565.000 

8,282,000 

7,000,000 

4,585,000 

1,274,000 

4,680,000 

3,139,000 

769,000 

1,823.000 

414,000 

155,000 

973,000 



114,775,000 



Acres. 



52,216 

33,863 

34,992 

25,090 

6,177 

23,604 

256,336 

51,440 

127,402 

2,893 

13,388 

22,472 

9,160 

2,354 

4,487 

133 

6,428 

5,369 

2,828 

3,125 

4,128 

13,863 

12,011 

23,076 

21,359 

104,037 

57,000 

115,027 

73,684 

80,438 

24,037 

49,263 

29,613 

8,180 

12,317 

4,758 

1,781 

6,710 



1,325,119 



Value of 
crop. 



64,307,820 

2,354,200 

2,498,490 

2,119,680 

478,240 

1,714,710 

16,328,650 

3,626,520 

8,645,520 

217.000 

807,300 

877,560 

519,400 

129,950 

469,000 

11,500 

616,500 

454,720 

344,520 

532,000 

481,500 

634,400 

592,180 

1 134,000 

1,232,000 

5,393 280 

2,128.950 

6,708,420 

4.000.000 

3,392,900 

1,210,300 

2,433.600 

1,757,840 

430,640 

2,461,050 

318,780 

285,200 

963,270 



TOBACCO. 



Pounds. 



150,000 

70,000 

6,289,000 



7,495,000 

2,584,000 

40,000 

3,294,000 



14,522,000 
43,761,000 
30,000,000 



165,000 



2,225,000 

35,000.000 

2.292,000 

45,000,000 

19,610,000 

5,564,000 

0,930,000 

21,100,000 

3,.500,000 

1,037,000 



$82,668,590 250,628,000 



Acres. 



150 

66 
4,658 



5,996 

2,349 

34 

2,745 



22,797 
59,216 
51,194 



242 



3,340 

41,420 

3,015 

64,655 

26,146 

6,623 

8,152 

23,034 

3,684 

1,152 



330,668 



Value of 
crop. 



133,000 

15,400 

1,509,360 

1,693^870 

516,800 

9,200 

691,740 



1,248,892 
3,194,5,'53 
4,230,000 



24,750 



340,425 

2,905,000 

258,996 

3,690,000 

1,823,730 

712, 19H 

367,29« 

2,595,300 

7OO,0OC 

lti6,66( 



^6,747.151' 



Maine 

New Hampsh 

Vermont 

Mass 

Rhode Island 
Connecticut. . , 

New York 

New Jersey . . 
Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland . . . . 

Virginia 

N. Carolina . . 
S Carolina . . . . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi . . . 

Louisiana 

Texiks 



HAY. 



Tons. 



Acres. 



821,000 


1,026,250 


520,000 


541,666 


979,000 


1,019,791 


507,000 


473,831 


89.000 


81,651 


433,000 


333,076 


4,491,000 


3,651,219 


553,000 


395,000 


2,734,000 


2,103,076 


37,000 


37,000 


232,000 


190,163 


216,000 


1.56,521 


169,000 


120,714 


74,000 


74,000 


55,000 


41,044 


62,000 


46,616 


39,000 


28,467 


35,800 


23,866 


25,000 


5,625 



Value of 
crop. 



$16,165,490 

10,,322,000 

14.195,500 

13,252,980 

2,136,000 

11,084,800 

77,290,110 

10,750,320 

35,678,700 

740,000 

3,788,569 

3,179,.520 

1,938,430 

1,602,840 

1,283,150 

1,240,000 
828,750 

1,020,300 
384,000 



Arkansas . 
Tennessee 
W. Virgin 
Kentucky 
Missouri . 
Illinois . - . 
Indiana . . 

Ohio 

Michigan.. 
Wisconsin 
Minnesota 

Iowa 

Kansas 

N(ibra.ska 
California 
Oreion . .. 

Nevada 

Tcrrit<iri6.s 



HAY. 



Tons. _ Acres. 



10,200 

155,000 

242,000 

160,000 

532,000 

1,895,000 

972,000 

1,923,000 

1,472,000 

1,223,000 

724,000 

1,600,000 

.529,000 

145,000 

617,000 

86,000 

40,000 

128,000 



Total.. [24,52.5,100 



6,800 

108,391 

192,063 

117,647 

412,403 

1,605,932 

765,354 

1,467,938 

1,082,352 

912,686 

492,517 

1,194,029 

452,136 

103,571 

416,891 

59,310 

29,629 

82,580 



19,861,805 



Va,lue of 
crop. 

6153,000 

2,579, 20« 

2,420,00< 

2,120,00« 

6,820,240 

20,352,309 

21,139,12« 

11,191,460 

16,442,240 

12.755,890 

4,901,480 

12,320,000 

3,798,220 

812,000 

10,303,900 

1,036,300 

900,000 

2,042,880 



1338,969,680 



AGRIQULTTTRAL 



71 



BS'irfJIATBD QUANTITIES, NUMBER OF ACEES, AND AGGEEGATE YALUE Of 
THE PEINSIPAL CROPS OP THE FARM IN 1870. 



PEODUCT8. 


Number of 
bushels. 


Number of 
acres. 


Value. 


Indian oonx 


1,094,255,000 
235,884,700 
15,473,600 
247,277,400 
26,295,400 
9,841,500 
114,775,000 


38,646,977 
18,992,591 
1,176,137 
8,792,395 
1,108,924 
536,992 
1,325,119 


$601,839,030 
245,865,045 
12,612,605 
107,136,710 
22,244,584 
7,725,044 
82,668,590 


Wheat 


Rye 


Oats '. 


Barley 


Buckwheat 


Potatoes 






Total 


1,743,802,600 


70,579,135 

330,668 
19,861,805 
8,680,000 


$1,080,091,608 






T«bacco 


250,628,000 
24,525,000 
4,400,000 


$26,747,158 
338,969,680 
286,000,000 


Hay 




Cotton 


bales.. 


Total „ 




99,451,608 


$1,731,808,446 


1 



AVERAGE YIELD AMJ OASH VALUE, AND PRICE PER BUSHEL, TON OR 
POUND, OF FA.1JM PRODUCTS FOR THE TEAR 1870. 



PRODUCTB. 


Average 

yield per 

acre. 


Average 
price per 
bushel. 


Average 

value per 

acre. 


PKODUCTS. 


Average 

yield per 

acre. 


Av. price 
per bushel 
ton or lb. 


Av'rago 

value pr 

acre. 


Indian com bu.. 

"Wheat " . . 

Rye " .- 

Oats " .. 

Baxley " .. 


28 3 

12 4 

13 1 
28 1 
337 


$9 54 9 

104Q 

815 

43 3 

84 5 


$15 57 
12 94 
10 72 
12 18 
20 05 


B'kwheat bu.. 
Potatoes... " .. 
Tobacco . .lbs. . 

Hay tons.. 

Cotton lbs.. 


18 3 
86 6 

757 
123 

236 


$0 78 4 

72 

10 6 
13 82 

14 


$14 38 
62.38 
80 88 
17 06 
32 94 



A-7ERAGE YIELD OF FARM PRODUCTS PER ACRE FOR THE YEAR 1870. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts . . 
Rhode Island . . . 

Coanecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

.Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina. . 
South Carolina.. . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

West Virginia. . . 

Kentucky 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota. 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Nebraska 

California 

Oregon 

Nevada 

The Territories. . 



Com. 


Wheat. 


Rye. 


Oats. 


Barley. 


Buck- 
wheat. 


Pota- 
toes. 


Tobac- 
co. 


Biith. 


Bush. 


Bush. 


Bush. 


Bush. 


Bush. 


Bush. 


Pounds. 


33 


14 8 


17 6 


27 4 


19 5 


24 


125 




36 5 


14 8 


16 


297 


215 


15 


88 


1,000 


39 6 


16 8 


15 8 


337 


23 3 


17 5 


140 


1,050 


33 


17 6 


15 4 


264 


20 7 


14 


88 


1,350 


260 


17 6 


18 


327 


24 


14 


79 




26 4 


17 8 


14 4 


32 4 


265 


14 


73 


1,250 


34 


13 8 


13 


32 4 


212 


17 9 


98 


1,100 


33 


12 8 


13 4 


310 


28 


24 3 


75 


1,150 


35 8 


12 


12 


32 6 


28 9 


18 


87 


1,200 


250 


10 


112 


20 


20 


20 


75 




225 


97 


10 5 


24 


220 


13 5 


67 


637 


200 


96 


96 


19 5 


20 


16 


55 


739 


14 6 


86 


83 


16 2 


22 


214 


81 


586 


89 


70 


58 


97 


15 





48 




13 5 


80 


81 


14 6 


15 




78 




10 8 






12 5 






75 


680 


17 5 


84 


97 


15 6 






70 




16 5 


97 


10 


14 5 






73 




225 


97 


10 


25 






105 




26 5 


117 


19 1 


216 


30 




128 




318 


10 8 


18 2 


23 6 






109 


666 


258 


88 


113 


19 3 


225 


20 


88 


845 


30 4 


11 4 


14 1 


27 2 


20 


19 9 


85 


760 


321 


10 


12 1 


232 


19 


16 7 


78 


696 


31 4 


13 


15 6 


25 


26 4 


23 6 


103 


750 


35 2 


12 


16 4 


26 


20 


18 8 


81 


840 


39 5 


110 


13 7 


28 1 


24 1 


19 2 


45 


850 


39 


13 8 


13 8 


31 1 


235 


16 3 


72 


916 


370 


140 


18 2 


35 3 


25 


17 3 


95 


950 


38 


13 4 


13 6 


279 


26 5 


20 1 


57 


900 


330 


15 2 


17 7 


32 9 


24 5 


18 6 


53 




320 


12 5 


17 6 


29 7 


26 


216 


95 




280 


15 


20 8 


315 


24 


20 6 


106 




299 


14 4 


237 


33 7 


290 


262 


94 




356 


19 


38 


35 5 


26 9 


32 5 


148 




29 7 


19 5 


250 


36 


32 3 


307 


87 




350 


23 5 


24 


32 5 


27 5 


27 5 


87 




359 


25 7 


23 


33 


30 2 


28 5 


145 





Hay. 



1 33 
137 
1 59 
160 
1 50 
1 43 
126 
136 
1 29 
1 18 
1 27 
131 
1 36 
134 
147 
134 
117 
1 40 
148 
1 45 
135 
155 



72 AGRICULTURAL 

AVERAGE CASH VAIiXJK OP FARM PRODUCTS PER ACRE FOR THE YEAR 187t) 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts . . 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . 

Delaware 

Marj-land , 

Virginia 

North Carolina. . 
South Carolina... 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansa.s 

Tennessee 

West Virginia . . 

Kentucky 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

'KanMS 

Nebraska 

California 

Oregon 

Nevaxla 

The TeiTitories . 



Corn. 



$37 62 
39 78 
43 56 
32 34 

27 56 
,30 09 
29 58 
26 73 
26 85 
16 25 

15 97 

13 00 
1138 

9 43 
1215 

14 58 

16 27 
16 17 

24 75 

28 09 

25 44 

12 12 

19 45 

15 40 

13 81 
12 32 

15 01 

18 72 

20 35 

19 76 

16 83 
10 88 
16 24 
10 76 

42 72 

29 70 

43 75 
35 54 



Wheat. 



$26 34 
23 53 
27 38 
30 80 

30 80 
27 05 

19 45 
18 30 
15 24 
12 50 

12 41 
11 90 

10 40 

13 23 

11 76 

10 75 

14 74 
14 74 

20 24 

14 04 

8 53 
13 90 

10 00 

11 83 
11 28 

11 00 

15 04 
15 12 

12 06 
12 61 

9 75 
12 90 

9 21 
20 90 
18 52 
35 25 

31 09 



Rye. 



$'24 28 
19 84 
18 17 
16 94 
22 86 
16 70 
12 61 
12 99 
10 68 
9 29 
8 19 

7 00 

8 05 

9 86 

12 06 

10 28 
16 20 
16 20 
21 20 
18 20 

9 15 

11 70 

8 59 
10 60 

9 84 
9 59 

10 48 

13 65 

8 43 

9 91 
10 20 

14 35 

12 79 
45 22 
21 75 
30 00 
28 52 



Oats. 



$17 81 
19 60 
19 88 
19 27 

19 94 
22 35 
18 79 
16 74 

15 64 

10 00 

11 28 

8 19 

9 23 
8 14 

12 11 
12 50 

12 32 

13 05 
18 75 
2160 

14 63 

8 87 

10 88 

9 28 
9 25 

8 32 

9 83 

11 81 
13 76 

10 88 

11 18 
8 91 

12 60 
10 11 

20 94 

16 56 
26 97 
25 74 



Barley. 



$19 30 
23 00 
23 53 

22 35 

23 04 
27 03 
18 02 
30 80 
21 74 

18 40 

19 80 
16 00 

13 42 

14 25 
14 55 



39 90 

i6 87 
17 00 

19 95 
22 17 

12 40 

20 00 
20 21 
20 00 

17 75 

13 23 
16 38 

18 00 
18 85 
26 36 
22 96 
30 80 
29 59 



Buck- 
wheat. 



$18 00 

12 45 

13 12 

14 28 
14 28 
14 70 

14 49 
24 30 

15 30 
20 00 
14 98 
1120 
12 41 



15 00 
15 92 
12 52 
15 81 

12 78 

13 63 

13 85 
10 72 

10 85 

11 16 

14 90 

15 86 
33 01 
.34 77 
43 28 
30 25 
28 50 



Pota- 
toes. 



$82 50 

69 52 

71 40 
84 48 
77 42 

72 27 
63 70 

70 50 
67 86 
75 00 
60 30 
39 05 
56 70 
55 20 

104 52 

86 25 

95 90 

84 68 

121 80 

170 24 

116 63 

45 76 

49 30 

49 14 
.57 68 
5184 
37 35 

58 32 
55 10 
42 18 

50 35 
49 40 

59 36 
52 64 

199 80 
66 99 
160 08 
143 55 



Tobac- 
co. 



$220 00 
231 00 
324 00 



282 50 
220 00 
264 50 
252 00 

54 78 
53 94 
82 62 



101 89 

70 13 

85 88 

.57 07 

69 75 

107 52 

.45 05 

112 66 

190 00 

162 00 



Hay. 



$15 75 

19 05 

13 93 
27 96 

26 18 
33 28 

21 16 

27 21 
16 96 

20 00 

19 92 

20 31 
16 05 
2166 
31 2f 

26 6J 

29 U 
42 75 
24 5: 

22 5fl 

23 78 
12 e« 
18 Oi. 

16 53 

12 6'i 

14 5.1 

14 43 

15 19 

13 97 
9 95 

r0 31 
8 40 
7 84 

fi4 71 

17 O 

30 / 

24 73 



TOTAL AVERAGE CASH VALUE PER ACRE OF TffE ABOVE CROPS FOR 1870. 



STATES. 


Aver. 

val. pr. 

acre. 


STATES. 


Aver. 

val. pr. 

acre. 


STATES. 


Aver. 

val. pr. 

acre. 


STATES. 


Aver. 

val. pr. 

acre. 


Maine 

New Haropsh. 

Vermont 

Maes 

Rhode Island 
Connecticut. . . 
New York. . . 
New Jersey . . 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware 


$19 55 
22 76 

17 43 
:12 15 
28 94 
36 35 
22 53 
26 28 

18 93 
15 91 


Maryland .. . 

Virginia 

N. Carolina . 
S Carolina... 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi- - 
Louisiana . . . 
Texas 


$15 71 

13 55 
12 87 
10 29 
12.54 

14 63 
16 31 
16 50 
25 49 
18 12 


Arkansas 

Tennessee. .. 
W. Virginia. 
Kentucky... 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Wisconsin .. . 


$24 34 
12 25 

16 03 

15 00 
14 17 

12 03 

13 61 

17 03 

16 96 

14 13 


Minnesota... 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Nebraska . . . 
California . . . 

Oregon ... 

Nevada 

Territories) . . 


$12 59 
10 65 
13 87 
»0 51 
24 82 
19 03 
35 48 
31 94 



ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER AND TOTAL VALUE OF EACH KIND OF LrVB 
STOCK, AND THE AVERAGE PRICE IN JANUARY, 1873. 





HORSES. 


MULES. 


STATES. 


Number. 


Average 
Price. 


Value. 


Number. 


Average 
Price. 


Value. 




78,000 
47,500 
71,000 
101,800 
14,700 
50,300 
659,300 
115,700 


$89 61 
87 01 
93 29 
108 26 
100 30 
98 89 
102 58 
127 21 


$6,989,580 
4,132,975 
6, 623,. 590 

11.0-20, 868 
1,474,410 
4.974.167 

67,630.994 

14,718.197 








New Hampshire.. 






































New York 

New Jersey 


i'g.ioo 

14,900 


$130 06 

144 81 


$2,484,146 
3,157.6<!'' 



AGRIOTTLTURAL 



73 



ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER AND TOTAL VALTTK OF EACH KIND OF LIVE 
STOCK, AND THE AVERAGE PRICE IN JANUARY, 1873.— Continued. 



HORSES. 



Pennsylvania.. . . 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North C arolina . . 
South Carolina. - 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

West Virginia.. . 

Kentucky - . 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Nebra.ska 

California 

Oregon 

Nevada 

The Territories. 
Total :.. 



Number. 



546,100 
20,000 

101,500 

185,000 

131,800 
55,300 

117,300 
16,800 

107,700 
87,500 
75,000 

672.300 

ir>o,9(!0 

294.100 

103,600 

343,900 

537.200 

1,049,400 

669,600 

738,600 

282,700 

335,300 

142,300 

634,400 

198,900 

47,700 

250,000 

80,800 

9,870 

_ 95,000 

T,222,470 



874 21 



Value 



Number. 




MULES. 



5684,463.957 



OXEN AND OTHER CATTLE 



Maine 

New Hampshire. 

Termont 

Massachusetts. . . 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina. . 
South CaroUna. . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

?d[isNissip]»i 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennes.seo 

\V"est Virginia... 

Kentucky 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Nebraska 

California 

Oregon 

Nevada 

The Territories. 

Total 



18.'), too 

118.100 

130,700 

121,400 

16,900 

111,200 

704,800 

84.800' 

715,500 

33.400 

125,600 

405,700 

310,. 500 

179,600 

491,300 

383,600 

344.500 

336.600 

181.200 

2,842.200 

251.600 

351,600 

235, .500 

384,300 

782,900 

1,260,900 

765,000 

901,000 

463,, 500 

440,400 

269,30{i 

820.000 

457,000 

73,200 

442.20!) 

116,700 

40,000 

620.000 

^16,413,800 



§7,152,264 

4,536,221 

5,047,634 

4,839,004 

890,968 

4,521,392 

23,998.440 

2,750,064 

21,558,075 

963,256 

2,971,696 

6,844,159 

3.104,865 

2,501.828 

4,410.287 

3,425,548 

4,502,615 

4,274,820 

2,236,256 

21,344,922 

2,961,332 

4,806,372 

5,807,430 

9,230,886 

14,327,070 

39,122,901 

18,344,700 

24,966,710 

13,103,145 

10,406.652 

• 5,773,792 

19,196,200 

9.350.220 

1,840.248 

10,042,362 

2.267.481 

920,000 

13,950,000 



$^38 64 

38 41 
W62 

39 86 
52 72 

40 66 
34 05 
32 43 
3013 
28 84 

23 66 
16 87 

9 81 
13 93 
10 99 

8 93 
13 07 
12 70 

12 38 
7 51 

1177 

13 67 

24 66 

24 02 
18 30 
23 89 
23 98 

28 27 
23 63 

21 44 
V.3 ft 

20 4';; 

25 It 

22 71 
• 19 43 

23 00 

22 50 

""$20 06 I $329,298,755 



310,000 



Average 
Price. 



'$128 32- 
115 31 
184 62 
109 30 
112 02 

112 25 

126 59 

127 05 

102 08 

113 81 
121 59 

56 50 
94 88 
93 27 
84 27 

77 98 
70 96 

78 73 
72 58 
82 37 
90 83 

100 86 
88 73 
72 93 
68 07 

103 89 
7106 
50 49 
65 00 
84 50 



$9515 



Value. 



$3,195,168 

461,240 

1,358,358 

3,213,420 

5,320,950 

5,073,700 

11,734,893 

1,321,320 

10,575,488 

11,278,571 

9,265.158 

5,209,300 

7,856,064 

9,345,654 

193,821. 

6 589,310 

6,329.632 

7,778,524 

2,583.848 

1,861,562 

363,320 

504,700 

266,170 

2,654,652 

1,184,418 

425.949 

1,776,500 

201,760 

65,000 

2,028,000 



$124,658,085 



MILCH COWS. 



147,600 


$36 56 


$.5,396,256 


90,000 


36 00 


3,240,000 


195,700 


35 33 


6.914,081 


139,100 


41 16 


5,725,356 


20,700 


42 50 


879,750 


106,800 


39 50 


4,218,600 


1,439,400 


34 00 


48,939,600 


147,900 


44 16 


6,531,264 


796,700 


35 50 


28,282,8.50 


26,000 


33 00 


858,000 


96,900 


30 77 


2,981,613 


234,000 


23 69 


5,543,460 


201,200 


17 00 


3,420,400 


154,800 


25 50 


3,947,400 


2.57,400 


2193 


5,644.78? 


71,900 


1511 


1,086,409 


177,000 


19 85 


3,573,450 


180,100 


2312 


4,163,912 


93,600 


26 50 


2,480,400 


566,200 


13 50 


7,643,700 


1.50,300 


20 43 


3,. 70, 629 


247,700 


2154 


5,335,458 


120,700 


29 80 


3,596,860 


229,400 


3013 


6,911,822 


405,200 


23 26 


9,424,952 


710,900 


30 45 


21,646,905 


453,000 


30 73 


13,920,690 


786,400 


32 18 


25,306,352 


350,700 


33 32 


11,681,992 


425,900 


28 00 


11,919,600 


182,400 


30 08 


5,486,592 


537,300 


28 16 


1.5,330,368 


214,000 


28 94 


6,193,160 


45,800 


30 96 


1,417,968 


270,000 


43 44 


11,728,800 


70,000 


32 95 


2,306,500 


8,500 


39 00 


331,500 


225,000 


33 50 


7, .537, 500 



10,575,900 



$29 72 I $314,358,981 



74 



AGRICULTURAL 



B8TIMATBD TOTAL NUMBER AND TOTAL VALUE OF EACH KIND OE LITE 
STOCK, ETC.— Continued. 



SHEEP. 



Number. 



Average 
Price. 



Value. 



HOGS. 



Number. 



Average 
Price. 



Valuo. 



Maine 

New Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts . . 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania... 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North Carolina.. 
South Carolina. . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

West Virginia . . 

Kentucky. 

Missouri 

Ll.inois 

Iniiaiia 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Wisci.nsin 

Minnesota.. 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Nebraska 

California 

Oregon 

Nevada 

The Territories. 

Total 



413,800 

230,800 

604,000 

74,900 

27,900 

83,200 

2,100,300 

125,900 

1,691,000 

27,300 

129,410 

386,900 

293,200 

135,000 

253,500 

32,900 

186,200 

167,000 

73,500 

1,239,600 

160,300 

372,400 

561,600 

824,600 

1,437,300 

1,394,300 

1,913,900 

4,639,000 

3,418,000 

1,153,100 

151,400 

1,768,000 

123,000 

30,600 

4,002,600 

534,800 

15,000 

2,200,000 



S4 29 
4 23 

4 03 

3 87 

5 36 

4 93 
4 30 
4 96 

3 68 

4 12 
4 17 
3 04 
161 
2 OS 
162 
2 03 
193 

1 85 

2 00 

1 80 

2 19 
193 
2 67 
2 89 

2 05 

3 20 

2 83 

3 02 
2 89 

2 83 

3 08 
2 42 
2 45 
2 81 
2 97 

2 76 

3 00 
2 90 



ei,775,202 

976,284 

2,434,120 

289,863 

149,544 

410,176 

9,031,290 

624,464 

6,222,680 

112,476 

539,598 

1,176,176 

472,052 

317,750 

410,670 

66,787 

359,366 

308,950 

147,000 

2,231,280 

3.51,057 

718,732 

1,499,472 

2,383,094 

2,946,465 

4,461,760 

5,416,337 

14,009,780 

9,878,020 

3,263,273 

466,312 

4,278,560 

301,350 

102,846 

11,888,316 

1,476,048 

45,000 

6,380,000 



62,700 

42,000 

58,200 

80,500 

18,100 

63,700 

671,700 

164,700 

1,088,900 

47,300 

264,201 

818,600 

848,800 

332,600 

1,559,400 

181,600 

961,300 

890,400 

290,800 

1,233,800 

1,007,300 

1,596,600 

351,600 

2,113,700 

2,656,500 

3Vr06.300 

2,713,900 

2,217,000 

543,500 

658,400 

209,600 

3,847,700 

457,200 

121,300 

427,300 

163,100 

4.750 

97,000 



$9 90 

11 75 
9 56 

13 47 

12 00 

13 13 

8 31 

9 25 
8 12 

5 75 

6 30 
3 67 

3 08 

4 66 
3 00 

2 70 

3 10 

2 98 

3 93 
2 90 

2 58 

3 38 
3 58 

3 19 

2 40 

4 30 

3 61 

4 57 
4 52 

4 67 

5 03 

4 47 

5 30 

5 51 

6 11 
4 16 

7 50 
7 75 



$620,730 

493,500 

556,392 

1,084,335 

217,200 

836,381 

5,581.e27 

1.523,475 

8,841.868 

271.975 

1,664.460 

3,004,262 

2,614,304 

1,549.916 

4 678.200 

490.320 

2,980.030 

2,653,392 

l,142,t<44 

3,578,020 

2,753,634 

5,396,508 

1,258,728 

6,74'.2,7u:'. 

6,37:..6tl0 

15,937.0! 'II 

9,797,179 

10,131,1)90 

2,456,620 

3,074,728 

1,054,288 

17,199,219 

2,423,160 

688,363 

2,610,803 

678.496 

35,625 

751,750 



33,002,400 



$2 96 



$97,922,350 



32,630,050 



09 $133,729,61.": 




OEySTTS OF THE UNITED :^TA TKS. 



75 



CENSUS OF 1870. 

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. — GENERAL NATIYITT AND FOBIIGH 

PARENTAGE. 

[From the Report of the Superintendent of the Census.] 



STATES AND 
lUEEBITORIES. 



1860. 



Total U. States. 
Xotal States 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut 

Delaware = 

Florida 

treorgia 

Dlinois 

Indiana 

Iowa .' 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraskai, 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina. . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennslyvania . . 
Rhode 'island . . . 
South Carolina.. - 

Tennessee 

■Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia . . 
IVisconsia 



jotaJ Territories. 



Arizona 

Colorado 

Dakt/ta. 

Dist. »f Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New-Mexico 

Utah 

"Washington 

Wyoming 



38,558,371 



32,991,142 



5,567,229 



31,443,321 



27,304,624 



38,115,641 



32,642,61 -i 



5,473,029 



31,183,744 



27,084,592 



996,992 

484,471 

.560,247 

537,454 

125,015 

187,748 

1,184,109 

2,539,891 

1,680,637 

1,194,020 

364,399 

1,321,011 

726,915 

626,915 

780,894 

1,457.351 

1,184 059 

439,706 

827,922 

1,721,295 

122,993 

42,491 

318,300 

906,096 

4,3?2,759 

1,071,361 

2,665,260 

90,923 

3,521,951 

217,353 

705,606 

1,258,520 

818,579 

330,551 

1,225,163 

442,014 

1,054,670 



442,730 



9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131,700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 

9,118 



987,030 

479,445 

350,410 

423,815 

115,879 

182,781 

1,172.982 

2,024.69:- 

1.539. IC! 

ggo ;• 

3i6,on; 
1,2.57.61:1 

665,088 
571^,034 
697,48;: 

i,:i04.o:i2 

916,049 
279,009 
816,731 

1,^99,028 

92,245 

23.690 

288,689 

717,1.53 

3,244,406 

1,068,-332 

2,292.767 
79..323 

2,976,642 
361,957 
697.532 

1,239,204 
756,168 
283,396 

1,211,409 
424.923 
690,171 



9.962 

5.026 

209,831 

113,03;i 

!),!:>(; 

4,967 

11,127 

515,19.^ 

141,474 

204,692 

48.392 

63,39^ 

61,827 

48,881 

83,412 

353,319 

268,010 

160,697 

11,191 

222,267 

30,748 

18,801 

29,611 

188,943 

1,138,353 

3,029 

372,493 

11.600 

545,309 

55,396 

8,074 

19,316 

62.411 

47,155 

13,754 

17,09* 

364,499 



964,201 
435,450 
379,994 
460,147 
112,216 
140,424 

1.0.57,286 

1,711,951 

1,350,428 
674,913 
107,206 

1,155,684 
708,002 
628.279 
687,049 

1,231,066 
749,113 
172,023 
791,305 

1,182,012 

28,841 

6,857 

326,073 

672,035 

3,880,735 
992,622 

2,339,511 
52,465 

2,906,215 
174,620 
703,708 

1,109,801 
604,215 
315,098 

1,219.630 
376,688 
775,881 



951,849 
431,850 
233,466 
379,451 
103,051 
137,115 

1,045,615 

1,387,308 

1,232,144 

568,836 

94,515 

1,095,885 
627,027 
590,826 
609,520 
970,960 
600,020 
113,295 
782,747 

1,021,471 

22,490 

4,793 

305,135 

549,245 

2,879,455 
989,324 

2,011,262 
47,342 

2,475,710 
137,226 
693,722 

1,088,575 
560,743 
282,355 

1,201,117 
360,143 
498 '954 



348,530 



94,200 



259,757 



220,032 



3,849 
33,265 

9,366 
H5,446 

7,114 
12,616 
86,254 
56,034 
18,931 

5,605 



5,809 
6,599 
4,815 

16,254 
7,885 
7,979 
5,620 

30,702 
5,024 
3,513 



34,277 

4,8.37 

75,080 



31,611 
3,063 
62,596 



93,516 
40,273 
11,594 



86,793 

27,519 

8,450 



4,1.38,697 



4,099,152 



12,.352 

3,600 

146,528 

80,696 

9.165 

3,309 

11,671 

324,643 

118,284 

10^,077 

16,691 

59,799 

80,975 

37,453 

77,529 

260, 10« 

149,093 

58,728 

8,558 

160,541 

6,351 

2,064 

20.938 

122,790 

1,001,280 

3,298 

328,^49 

5,123 

430,505 

37,394 

9,986 

21,226 

43,422 

32,743 

18,513 

16,545 

276,927 



39,545 



8,666 
1,774 
12,484 



6,723 
12,754 
3,144 



There should be added to this, in order to give the true population of the United States in 
1870, 383,712 Indians not taxed, and under the Census Law not enumerated. Of these 111 18.5 
wore in the States, and 268,024 in the Territories. The addition of Iheeomakes the true notiula 
jion of the United States in 1870, 38,942.083. * ' 



76 



OENSVS OF THE UNITED STATES 



POPFLATION OF ALL THE CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



fThis table has been careftilly compiled from the census (official copy) of 1870. It embraces 
all the cities returned as such, -with a few that appear to have been omitted as cities 
distinctively. 



state.s and 
Cities. 



ilahanna. 

Eufaula 

Huntsville . . . 

Mobile 

Montgomery . 

Selma 

Talladega 

Tuscaloosa. - . 

Tnscumbia. . . 

Total 

Arkansas. 

Little Kock.. 
California. 

Los Angt. 

Marysvule 

Oakland 

Sacramento, 

San Diego 

San Francisco . . 

San Jose 

Stockton 

Total 

Honnecticut. 

Bridgeport 

Hartford 

"Middletown 

New Haven 

Norwich 

Waterbury . . . . 

Total 

Colorado. 

Denver 

Delaware. 

Wilmington 

Dist. of ColiiiTibia 

Georgetown 

Washington. 

Total 

Florida. 

Jacksonville . . - 

Pensecola 

St. Augustine. 

Tallahas.see . . . 

Total 

Georgia. 

Athens 

Atlanta 

Augusta 

Columbus 

Macon 

Milledgeville.- 

Rome 

Savannah 

Total 

Iduho. 

Boise City 

Idaho City.. 

Silver City . . 

Total 

Illinois. 

Alton 

Amboy 

Anna 

Aurora 

Belleville ... 

J'.loomington 

TSu.shneir 

Cairo, 

Canton 

Centralia ... 

(,'hampaigB. 

<!;hicaeo 

Danvulo .... 



Total 
I'op.jUtion. 



3,185 
4,907 
.3-2,034 
1 0,568 
6,484 
1,93.3 
1,689 
1,214 



62,034 

12,380 

5,728 

4,738 
10,500 
16,283 

2,300 
149,473 

9,089 
10,066 



208,177 

18,969 
37,180 
6,923 
50,840 
16,653 
10,826 



141,391 
4,759 



30,841 



11,384 
109,199 



120,583 

6,912 
3,347 
1,717 
2,023 



13,999 

4,251 
21,789 
15,389 

7,401 
10,810 

2 750 

2,748 
28.235 
93,373 

995 

889 
599 



States and 
Cities. 



2,483 

8,665 
2,825 
1,269 

11,162 
8,146 

14,590 
2,003 
6,267 
3,308 
3,190 
• 4,625 
398,977 
4,7.')1 



Illinois. — cont'd. 

Decatur 

Dixon 

Elgin 

El Paso 

Freeport 

Galena 

Galesburg 

Jacksonville.. . 

Joliet 

La SaUe 

Litchfield 

Macomb 

Mendota 

Monmouth 

Morris 

Mound City. - . 

Mt. Carmel 

Olney 

Ottawa 

Pekin 

Peoria 

Peru 

Quincy 

Rockford 

Rock Island. . - 
Shelby ville . . - 
Springfield. - . . 

Sterling 

Watseca 

Waukegan 



Total 
Popiilatiou, 



Total 

Indiana. 

Columbia 

ConnorsviUe . . . 
Crawfordsville 

Evansville 

Fort Wayne... 
Franklin" City. 

Goshen 

Greencastle . . . 
Indianapolis . . 
Jefferson ville. . 
Kendall ville. . . 

Lafayette 

Laporte 

Lawrenceburg 
Logan sport. . . . 

Madison 

Michigan City. 
New Albany. . 

Peru 

Richmond 

Seymour 

Sh'elhvville 

South' Bond .. . 
Terre Haute . . 
Valparaiso . . . . 

Vincennes 

Wabash City.. 

Total 

Iowa. 

Burlington 

Cedar Falls. . . 
Cedar Rapids.. 

CUnton 

Council Bluffs. 
Davenport ... 
Des Moines. . . 

Dubuque 

Fairfield 

Port Dodge . . . 
Fort Madison . 
Glepwood 



7,161 
4,055 
5,441 
1,.564 
7,889 
7,019 

10,158 
9,203 
7,263 
5,200 
3,852 
2,748 
3,546 
4,662 
3.138 
1,631 
1,640 
2,680 
7,736 
5,696 

53,849 
3,650 

24,0,52 

11,049 
7.890 
2,051 

17.364 
:»,998 
1,551 
4,.507 

571,02f 

1,663 
2,496 
3,701 

21,830 

17,718 
2,707 
3,133 
3,227 

48,244 
7,254 
2,164 

13,506 
6,581 
3,139 
8,950 

10,709 
3,985 

15,396 
3,617 
9,445 
2,372 
?,731 
7,206 

1 8,103 
2,765 
5,440 
2,881 



State.s and 
Cities. 



228,983 

14,930 

3,070 

5,940 

6,129 

10,020 

20,038 

12,035 

18,434 

2.226 

:t,095 

4,011 

J. 291 



loiva — continued. 

Independence .. 

Iowa City 

Keokuk 

Lyons . 

Maquoketa 

Marshalltowii- - 

McGrejjor 

Muscatine 

Oskaloosa 

Ottnmwa 

Sioux City 

Waterloo ..:... 

Waverley 

Winterset 

Total 

Kansas. 

Atchison 

Baxter Springs, 

Emporia 

Fort Scott 

Lawrence .... 

Leavenworth . . 

Ottawa 

Paola 

Topeka 

Wyandotte 

Total 

Kentucki/. 

Covington .... 

Frankfort 

Henderson . . . . 

Hopkin.sville . . 

Lexington 

LonisvUle 

Maysvill© 

Newport 

Owensboro. 

Paducah 

Paris 

Total 

Loui.siana. 

Baton Rouge.. 

Donaldson ville 

New Orleans. . 

Shreveport 

Total 

Maine. 

Auburn 

Augu.sta 

Bangor 

Bath 

Belfast 

Biddeford 

Calais 

Hallowell 

Lewiston 

Portland 

Rockland 

Total 

Maryland. 

Annapolis 

Baltimore 

Frederick 

Hagerstown - 

Total 

Massachusetts. 

Boston 

Cambridge 

Charlestown . . 

Chelsea 

Fall River 

Haverhill 



Total 
Population. 



OEKSP/? OF THPj xmiTJED STATES 



i I 



P0PULATI02^ OF ALL THE CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES.— Continued. 



States and 

dlTIKS. 



Jfii«.?. — continued. 

Lawrence 

Lowell 

Lynn 

New Bedforil... 
Nnwburyport . . 

Salem 

Springtield 

Taunk)n 

Worcester 



Total 

Michigan. 

Adrian 

Ann Arbor . . . 
Battle Creek.. 

Bav City 

Big Rapids 

Coldwater 

Coninna 

Detroit 

East Saginaw 

Flint 

Grand Haven . 
Grand Rapids. 

Hillsdale 

Holland 

./ackson '. 

Lansing 

Lapeer 

Mauistee 

Marshall 

Monroe 

Muskegon 

Niles 



Total 
Population. 



(Jwasso 

Pontiac 

Port Huron 

Saginaw 

St. Clair 

Wyandotte . . . 
Ypsilanti 



Total 

Minnesota. 

Duluth 

Elastings 

Maukato 

Minneapolis . 

Owatonna 

Red Wing... 
Rochester. . . 
St. Anthony. 
St. Cloud.... 

St. Paul 

Winona 



Total 

Mississippi. 
Columbus .. 

Grenada 

Holly Springs.. 

Jacksou 

Macon 

Natchez 

ficksbnrgh . . . 

Total 

Missouri. 
Cape Girardeau 
ChiUicothe . . . 

Hannibal 

Independence 
Jefferson City 
Kansas City . . 

Louisiana 

Macon 

St Charles... 
St, Joieph 



28,921 
40.928 
S8,-2,33 
21,320 

12,.')9,') 
24,117 
2().703 
18,029 
41,105 



619,439 

8,438 
7,363 
5,838 
7,064 
1,227 
4,381 
",408 

79,577 

11,350 
5,386 
3,147 

16'507 
3,.518 
2,319 

11,447 
5,241 
1,772 
3,343 
4,925 
5,986 
6,002 
4,630 
2,065 
4,867 
5,973 
7,400 
1.790 
2,731 
5,471 



229,336 

3,131 

3,4.58 
3,482 

13,066 
2,070 
4,260 
3,953 
.5,013 
2,161 

26.030 
7,192 

f,ifilii 

4,812 
1,887 
2,406 
4,234 
975 
9,057 
12,443 

35,814 

3,.585 
3,978 

10,125 
3,1.S4 
4,420 

32,260 
3,639 
3,678 
5,570 

19,565 



States and 
Cities. 



Missouri — cont'd. 

St. Louis 

Westport 



Total 

Montana. 

Helena 

Nebraska. 

Omaha 

Nebraska City. 

Total 

Kevada. 

Austin 

Carson City — 
Virginia 



Total 

iVeiy Hampshire. 

Concord 

Dover 

Manchester . . . 

Nashua 

Portsmouth ... 



Total 

Neiv .Jersey. 
Atlantic City 

Brighton 

Burlington. . . 

Camden 

Elizabeth 

Harrison 

Hobokon 

.Terse V City.. 

Millville 

Newark 

New Brunswick 

Orange 

Paterson ... 
Plain field ... 
Princeton . . 

Rahway 

Trenton 



Total 
Population. 



Total 

New Mexico. 

Santa Fe 

Neiv York. 

Albany 

Auburn 

Bingham ton... 

Brooklyn 

Buffalo 

Cohoes 

Eliuira 

Hudson 

Lockport 

Newburg 

New York 

Ogdensburg.. . 

Osweeo 

Pougtikeepsie 

Rochester 

Rome 

Schenectady . . 

Syracuse 

Troy 

irtica 

Watertown . . . 

Total 

North Carolina. 

(Miarlotte 

Fayettcville . . 
Newberue . . . . 

Raleigh 

Wilniington. . . 

Total 



310,864 
1,095 



401,903 

3,842 



16,083 
6,0.^0 



1,324 
3,042 

7,048 



11,414 

12,241 
9,294 
23,536 
10,543 
9,211 



64,825 

1,043 
6,830 
5,817 

20.045 

20,832 
4,129 

20,297 

82,, 546 

6,101 

105,059 

15,0.58 
9,348 

33,579 
5,095 
2.798 
6,258 

22,874 



367,709 

4,765 

69.422 
17,225 
12,692 
396,099 
117,714 
15,357 
15,863 
B,015 
12,420 
17,014 
942.292 
10.076 
20,910 
20,080 
62,336 
11,000 
11,026 
43,051 
46,465 
28,804 
9,336 



1.887,8.')3 

4,473 
4,660 
5,849 
7,790 
13,446 



States and 
Cities. 



Ohio. 



Total 
Population. 



36,218 



Akron 


10,006 


Canton 


8,660 


Chillicothe 


8,920 


Cincinnati 


216,239 


Circleville 


5,407 


Cleveland 


92.829 


Columbus 


31,274 


Dayton 


30,473 


Fremout 


5,455 


Galliopolis 


3,711 


Hamilton 


11,081 


Irontoii 


5,686 


T,ancaster 


4,725 


Mansfield 


8,029 


Marietta 


5,218 


Massillon 


5,185 


Mt. Vernon 


4,876 


Newark 


6,698 




5,927 


Pomerov 


5,824 


Portsmouth 


10,592 


Sandusky 


13,000 


Springfield 


12,652 


Steuben ville 


8,107 


Tiffin 


5,648 


Toledo 


31,584 


TTrbana 


4,276 


Warren 


3,457 


Wooster 


5,419 




6,377 


Youngstown . . . 


8,075 


Zanesville.. 


10,011 


Total 


.595,461 


Oregon. 




Oregon City ... 


1,382 


Portland 


8,293 


Total 


9,675 


Pennsylvania. 




Allegheny 


53,180 


AUentown 


13,884 


Altoona 


10,610 


Carbondale 


6,393 


Chester 


9,485 


Columbia 


6,461 




6,809 


Erie 


19,646 


Harrisburg 


23,103 


Lancaster 


20,233 


Lock Haven . . . 


6,989 


Mead ville 


7,103 


Philadelphia... 


674,022 


Pittsburgh 


86,076 


Reading 


33,930 


Scranton 


35,092 


Tirnsville 


8,639 


\Villiarasport .. 


16,030 


York . . . 


11,003 






Total 


1.048,686 


Rhode Island. 




Newpm't 


12..521 


Providence 


68,964 


Total 


81,425 


So7ith Carolina. 




Charleston 


48,956 


Columbia 


9,2<)8 


Total 


58,254 


Tennessee. 




Chattanooga — 


6,093 


Knoxville 


8,682 


Memphis 


40,226 


Nashville 


25,865 


Total 


80.866 







78 OENStrS OF THE UNITED STATES 

POPULATION OF ALL THE CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES. — C!ontinned. 



States and 
Cities. 


Total 
Population. 


States axd 
Cities. 


Total 
Population. 


States and 
Cities. 


Total 
Population. 


Texas. 

Austin 

Brownsville 

Galveston 

Houston 

San Antonio . . . 


4,428 
4,905 

13,818 
9,382 

12,256 


Vermont. — cont'd. 

MontpeUer 

Rutland 

St. Albans 

St. Johnsbury.. 

Total 

Virginia. 

Alexandria 

Fredericksbgh 

Lynch burgh 

Norfolk 

Petersburgh . . . 

Portsmouth 

Richmond 

Total 


3,023 
9,834 
7,014 
4,665 
49,443 

13,570 
4,046 
6,825 
19,229 
18.950 
10,492 
51,038 


Wisconsin. 

Appleton 

Beaver Dam 

Beloit 

Fond dii Lac... 

Green Bay 

Jane^^-illo" 

Kenosha 

La Crosse 

Madison 

Manitowoc 

Milwaukee 

Oshkosh 

Portage 

Racine 


4,518 
3,26.'-| 
4.396 
12,764 
4,666 
8,789 


Total 


44,789 

1,757 
1,239 
1,346 
3,127 
12,854 


Utah. 


7,785 
9,176 




Mt. Pleasant... 


71,440 


Salt Lake City. 


3.945 




20,323 

2,501 
4,933 
14,387 
3,086 


9,880 




124,150 

5,546 
19,280 


Sheboygan 

"Watertown 

Total 


5,310 
7,550 


Vermont. 

Bennington 

Brattleooro 

Burlington 

Middlebury 


West Virginia. 
Parkersburg . . . 

Wheeling . 

Total 


175,624 


24,826 













ORDER OF THE STATES LN POINT OF POPULATION, AT SEVERAL PERIODS. 





1790. 


1830. 


1850. 


1860. 


1870. 


1 




S'ew Tork 

Pennsylvania 


New York 

Pennsylvania .... 

Ohio." 

Virginia 

Tennessee 

Massachusetts . . . 


New York 

Pennsvlvania ... - 

Ohio.- 

Illinois 


New York 


2 
3 

4 


Massachusetts . . . 

Pennsylvania 

North Carolina. . . 

New York 

Maryland ... 

South Carolina.... 

Connecticut 

New Jersey 

New Hampshire . 


Pennsylvania 

Ohio 


Ohio 


Illinois 


North Carolina. . . 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Massachusetts . . . 
South Carolina — 

Georgia 

Maryland 


Virginia 




6 

7 
8 
9 


Indiana 


Massachusetts — 

Missouri 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Georgia .' 


Ma.ssachusetts . - . 


Kentucky 

Georgia 

North Carolina . - 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 


11 
12 
13 
14 


Iowa 






North Carolina. . 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Wisconsin 

Michigan 

Maryland 


Georgia 


Kentucky 

Rhode Island 






Michigan 


New Jersey 

Alabama 

Connecticut 


South Carolina. . . 
Mississippi 


North Carolina. . . 
Wi.seonsin 


16 
17 


Tennessee 


Alabama 


Maryland 


New Jersey 


18 




New Hampshire . 

Louisiana 

Illinois 


Louisiana 

New Jersey 

Michigan. 

Connecticut 

New Hampshire . 


South Carolina. . . 


Mississippi 


19 
«>0 




Texas 


New Jersey 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Texa-s 


Maryland 


■?! 




Missouri 

Mis.sissippi 

Rhode Island 

Delaware 

Florida 


Louisiana 


22 




South Carolina. . . 






Maine 


94 




Wisconsin 

Texas 

Arkansa-s 

Iowa 


Connecticut 

Arkansas 

California 

Xew Hampshire.. 


California 


95 






26 




Michigan 

Arkansas 


Arkansas 

West Virginia — 
Kansas 


27 




99 






California 

Delaware 


Rhode Island 

Minnesota 


Minnesota 


30 






Vermont 


"11 






Florida 


Florida 


New Hampshire . 


^9 






Minnesota 


Kansas 


Rhode Island 


33 






Delaware 


Florida 

Del aware 


:i4 
35 










Nebraska 


3b 
37 


Nevada 



ORDER OF TERRITORIES, 1870. 
District of Columbia, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, Montana, Idaho. Dacotah, 
Arizona, Wyoming. The census of Alaska has not been taken. ^ 



^.-*s«, 



CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES 



79 



POPULAXIOX OF STATES BY KACES. 



\\ hites. 



Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

'California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Dakota 

Delaware 

District of Columbia. . . 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois , 

Indiana 

Iowa .--■ 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

'Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada - - - 

New Haiupshire 

"New Jerssiy 

New Mexico 

New York 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington Territory 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 



581,384 

9,581 

362,115 

499,424 

39,221 

527,449 

12,887 

102,221 

68,278 

96,057 

638,926 

10,618 

2,511,096 

1,655,837 

1,188,207 

346,377 

1,098,692 

362,065 

624.809 

605,497 

1,443,156 

1,167.28-2 

438,257 

382 896 

1,603,146 

18,306 

122,117 

38,959 

317,697 

875,407 

90,393 

4.330,210 

678,470 

2,601,946 

86,929 

3,4"(i,ii09 

212,219 

289,667 

936,119 

664,700 

86,044 

329.613 

712,089 

22,195 

424,033 

1 051,351 

8,726 



Colored. 



475,510 

26 

122,169 

4,272 

456 

9,668 

94 

22, 794 

43.404 

91,689 

545,142 

60 

28,762 

24,500 

5,762 

17,108 

222.210 

364,210 

1.606 

175,391 

13,947 

11,849 

759 

444.201 

118,07) 

133 

789 

357 

580 

.30,658 

172 

52,081 

391,6.i0 

63,213 

340 

65,294 

4,980 

415,814 

322,331 

2.53,475 

118 

924 

512,841 

207 

17,980 

2,113 

183 



Indians. 



31 

89 

7,241 

180 

239 

1,200 

15 

2 

4 

47 

. 32 

240 

48 

914 

108 

569 

499 

4 

151 

4,926 

690 

809 

75 

157 

87 

23 

23 

16 

1,309 

439 

1,241 

100 

318 

34 

154 

124 

70 

379 

175 

14 

229 

1,319 

1 

1,206 

66 



Chinese. 



* Japanese:— Califoniia, 33 : Massachusetts, 10 ; New Jersey 10. 



COMPARATIVE INCREASE OF POPULATION. 



31 

08 

.49,310 

7 
2 



1 
4,274 

1 



1 

71 

1 

a 

97 
2 

16 

1,943 

3,152 

15 

20 

1 

3,330 

14 






907 
143 



Census. 



1790 

1800 
1810 
1820 
1830 
1840 
1850 
1860 
1870 



Population. 



3,929,827 
5,305,937 
7,239,814 
9,638,191 
12.866,020 
17,069,453 
23,191,876 
31,445,080 
38,549,987 



Increase. 
Per Cent. 



35.02 
36.45 
33.13 
33.49 
32.67 
35.87 
35.58 
22.59 



AREA OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Acres. 

Total area of the public lands of the States and Territories 1,400,549,033 

Total area of those States where there are no public lands 476,546,560 

Area of Indian Territory 44,154,240 

Area of District of Colimibia 38,400 

Grand total of area of the United States, in acres 1 ,921,288,233 

Or three millions two thousand and thirteen square miles. 

This does not include the 'area of the great lakes just within and 
forming a portion of our Northern boundary ■ neither does it include the 
marine league on the coast. 



80 



THE STATES OF THE VNION. 



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in'Xro minincoinooco-<j'coi-i inoo-^cot-o Trincoo-. tt co'ri-i-iconin 

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o<c5®— rtS*®o.35L22"L::cs®®®®*oja£"Sj3o_iiijco-S 
^Ppt,ctsi 



THE WOMEN'S DEPARTMENT 

Covers an area of 30,000 feet, and is formed by two naives intersect- 
ing each other, each 64 feet wide by 192 feet long, on end of same a 
porch 8 by 32 feet ; corners formed by the two naives are filled out 
by four pavilions, each 48 feet square; the whole structure is in mod- 
ern wood architecture, roofed over by segmental trusses. The centre 
of the structure is raised 25 feet higher than the rest of the building, 
surmounted by a lantern, with a cupola on top of same, 90 feet. What 
gives the building a unique appearance is, that there is in the whole 
inside only four supporting columns; all the rest is trussed over 
from the outside walls. 



SATES OF POSTAGE. 



81 



RATES OF POSTAGE 



•ETWEEX THE UNITED STATES AND GREAT RRITAIN AND OTHER FOREIGN 

COUNTRIES. 

The standard single rate to Great Britain is }^ oz. avoirdupois; to France and the continent (b.r 
French mails), it is 15 grammes, or >4 oz. avoirdupois. 

* Prepayment of Union rates are optional. When not prepaid, double rates arc collected. 



DESTINATION. 



Africa, Spanish Possessions on Northeru Coast 

Austria 

Azores 

Balearic Isles 

Belgium 

Australia, except KTew South "Wales and Queensland, TJ. S. Mail 

Bermuda. 

Canary Lslauds , 

Costa Rica, direct Mail, via Aspinwall 

Cuba, direct Mail 

Denmark 

Egypt 

Faroe Islands 

Fiji Islands, direct, via San Francisco 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Gibraltar, British Mail 

Great Britain 

Grand Duchy of Finland 

Greece 

Hayti, by direct Steamer 

Iceland : 

Island of Malta 

Island of Madeira 

Italy 

Japan, direct, via San Francisco 

Luxemburg 

Morocco — "Western Coast— Spanish Postal Stations 

Netherlands -. 

New Grenada, direct Mail 

Nicaragua, direct Mail 

Norway 

Panama, direct Mail 

Poland 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia 

Servia 

Shanghai, direct from San Francisco 

Spain 

St. Domingo, direct Steamer 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Tangiers, via Spain 

Turkey 

"West Indies, direct Mail 

11 



i« 



CTS. 

*5 



CTS. 
2 



8S 



RATSS OF POSIA6B. 



RATE^ OF POSTAGE.— Continned. 

Fr,I?h m'?uf)'ui,'*l'S'i?»rnm».'° ^r?"* ^"*'"? '''^°^- avoirdupois; to Frarco. and the continent (br 
rrvuca maus;, II IS 10 grammes, or ^ oz. avoirdupois. 

♦Prepayment of Union rates are opUonal. When not prepaid, double rates are collected. 



^ S 



DESTINATION. 



Africa, British Possessions on "West Coast, by British Mail. 

Argentine Confederation, U. S. Packet, via Brazil 

AnstraUa, New South Wales and Queensland 

Bolivia, British Mail, via Aspinwall 

Brazil, direct Mail 

British Columbia 

Bamiah, German Mail 

Burmah, British Mail, via Brindisi 

Buenos Ayres, TJ. S. Packet, via Brazil 

Canada 



Carthagena, New Grenada, Britiah Mail '. 

Cape of Good Hope, British Mail !..!.".' 

Curasoa, British Mail, via St. Thomas 

Ceylon, British Mail, via Southampton \ 

Ceylon, British ilail, via Brindi.si ., 

Gambia, British Mail, via Southampton 

Gold Coast, " " 

Guadaloupe, " pia St. Thomas 

Greytown, " " " Aspinwall 

G uiana, British, French and Dutch, via St. Thomas 

Guatemala, direct Mail, via Aspinwall 

Hawaiian Kingdom, direct Mail 

Hong Kong, Canton, Swatow, Amoy and Foo Chow, via San Francisco. 

India (Hindostan except Ceylon) British Mail 

Java, British Mail, via Southampton 

Liberia, British Mail, via Southampton 

Martinique,' St. Thomas [^^ 

Morocco, " " 

Mexico, by sea 

" overland 

New Fonndland 

New South "Wales, direct Mail 

New Zealand, " " 

Paraguay, U. S. Packet, via Brazil 

Peru, British Mail, via Aspinwall 

Porto Kico, British Mail, via St. Thomas.. 

Queensland, Southampton '." 

Salvador, direct Mail 

Sandwich Islands, direct Mail via San Francisco 

Si am, direct from San Francirco. 

SierraLeone. British Mail, t)»a Southampton 

St. Helena, " " 

Tripolis, Italian Mail 

Tunis, " " 

Turks Island, British Mail, via St. Thomas 

Uruguay, XJ. S. Packet, via Brazil 

Venezuela, British Mail, via St. Thomas 

"West Indies, British Mail, via St. Thomas 

■' French Colonies, via France 

Zanzibar, British Mail, via Southampton 

" British Mail, via Brindisi 

ItalianAIail 



3 8 


I 1 
'^ 1 


CTS. 
*15 


CTS. 


•23 




12 




17 




15 




3 




*1- 




10 




23 




3 




13 




*15 




13 




*21 




*25 




*15 




*15 




*13 


4 


13 




13 




10 




6 




10 




*10 




27 


g 


ns 




13 




15 




10 




3 




6 




12 




12 




23 




^^ 1 




13 




15 ! 




10 




6 




10 




*15 




*15 




7 




7 




13 




23 




13 




13 




10 




*15 




*19 


6 


27 


S 



BATES OF POSTAGE. 83 

RATES OF DOMESTIC POSTAGE. 

LETTEHS. 

The •tandard single-rate weight is 3'2 ^^- avoirdupois. 

Single-rate letter, throughout the United States 3 cts. 

For each additional Jij oz. or fraction 3 " 

Drop letters, for local delivery, single rate.. 2 " 

Drop letters, where there is no local delivery, single rate 1 ot. 

Postal card, tliroxighout the United States 1 " 

Advsrtised letters are charged extra 1 " 

These postages must be prepaid by stamps. Letters are to be 
forwarded without additional charge, if the person to whom they are 
addressed has changed his residence, and has left proper directions 
to such effect. Letters uncalled for will be returned to the sender, 
if a request to that effect be written upon the envelope. Properly 
certified letters of soldiers and sailors will be forwarded without pre- 
payment. No extra charge is made for the service of carriers taking 
letters to or from the Post-offices. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

INSTKUCTIOKS IsSUBD BT the P06TMASTKR Gbnbral.— Moh. 3. 1875. — Th« 
following instructions have been approved by Postmaster General Jewell 
in relation to the prepayment of postage on papers and other printed matter, on 
and after Mch. 3, 1875, under the act of Fcl;. 8, 1875. Section 5 of said act di- 
vides the matter therein described into two classes, and fixes the rate of ]>08tng9 
on each as folows : On all newspapers and periodicals issued weekly or ofteuer, 
two cents per pound, or a fraction thereof; and on all those issued less frequent- 
ly three cents per pound, or a fraction thereof. Under section 6, upon the 
receipt of such matter at the mailing office, properly assorted into the two 
classes, it must be prepaid (after deducting the weight of the sack) by special 
adhesive stamps, furnished by the Department for this purpose. Ordinary post- 
age stamps cannot be used for this purpose, nor can these stamps be used for 
any other purpose. Postmasters wiU make the following deductions for the 
weight of sacks, viz.: No. 1 jute sack, 2% Vas.; No. 2 jute sack, 2. lbs.; No. 1 cot- 
ton sack, 31.^ lbs.; No. 2 cotton sack, 2% lbs. On receipt of the postage the 
Postmaster will give a receipt from a book of blank forms furnished by the 
Department. The stamps will then be af&xed to the stub of the receipt, and 
canceled by perforating them with a punch, and the blank spaces in the stub 
be filled to correspond with the receipt. The stub books are to be kept per- 
manently in the office, to be ready to be produced whenever demanded by the 
Department. The Postmaster will render promptly at the end of each quarter, 
in blank forms furnished for the purpose, a statement of the postage collected 
from each publisher or news agent during the quarter. These special stamps 
will be charged to Postmasters, and accounted for in the same manner as ordi- 
nary postage stamps. 

Newspapers, periodicals, and circulars deposited in a letter-carrier's office for 
delivery by the office or its carriers, are subject to postage at the following 
rates : On newspapers, regular or transient, not exceeding one once in weight, 
one cent each ; on periodicals, regular or transient, not exceeding one ounce in 
weight, one cent each ; on periodicals, regular or transient, exceeding two onncee 
in weight, four cents each ; circulars unsealed, one cent ; weekly newspapers to 
transient parties, one cent for each ounce or fraction thereof. These rates 

must be prepaid by postage stamps affixed. Weekly newspapers to regular 
subscribers will be five cents per quarter. Under this section, county papers 



84 RATES OF POSTAGE. 

pass by mail free to subscribers actually residing within the County, but when 
delivered at letter-carrier offices, or by a letter-carrier, they are subject to the 
rates of postage tixeil in tlie laws and regulations, page 67, section 158, namely: 
On publications not exceeding four ouuces in weight, issued less frequently 
than once a week, one cent for each copy, and when issued once a week, five cents 
additional per quarter, and tive cents additional per quarter for each issue more 
frequent thau once a week. An additional rate shall be charged for each ad- 
ditional four ounces or fraction thereof. These rates must be paid quarterly 
before delivery of STich matter, either at the office of mailing or delivery. When 
not so paid, postage must be collected ou delivery of each copy, at transient 
rates, viz : one cent for eac h ounce or fraction thereof The foregoing instruc- 
' tions took effect on the third day of March, 1875, and continue in force until 
modified or superseded by the department. 

Registraiion. — Letterf3 may be registered on payment of a fee 
(;f ten cents, but the Government takes no responsibility for safe 
carriage or compensation in ease of loss. 

Registraiion Fee on Packages — Prepaid at letter rates, not over 
four pounds in weight, to any part of the United States, 10 cents for 
each package, in addition to the postage. The package must be en- 
dorsed on the back, with the name and address of the sender, and a 
receipt will be returned from the person to whom it is addressed. 

Money Orders. — All principal post-offices now receive small sums 
of money, and issue drafts for the same upon other post-offices, fcub- 
jcsct to the following charges and regulations. 

These Orders, payable at any Money Order Post Office in the 
country, are issued at the following rates: 

On orders notexceeeing $15 lOcte. 

Over $15 and not exceeding $30 - IS " 

Over $30 and not exceeding $40 20 " 

Over $40 and not exceeding $50 25 " " 

When more than $50 is required, additional orders must be 
obtained, but not more than three orders will be issued in one day to 

the same payee, at the same office. 

If a money order is lost, a certificate should be obtained from 
both the paying and issuing Postmaster that it has not been paid, 
;-nd w:n not be paid, and the Department at "Washington ^vill issue 
another on application. 

If a money order is not collected within one year from date, it is 
iiiviilid, and can only be paid by the Department at Washington on 
aj.plication through the issuing or paying Postr.iaster. 

PRINTKD MA.TTKR TO THE BRITISH PROVINCES. 

The regular United States rates must be prepaid, but these only 
pay for transportation to the boundary line; a second fee is charged 
on delivery by the Provincial post-office. 

ACT OF JANUARY 27, 1873, ABOLISHING THE FRANKING PRIVILEGE. 

Be it enacted, <f'0-, That the franking privilege be, aud the same is hereby 
abolislied, from and after the first day of July, A. D. 187:5, and that henceforth 
•,i II official coiTPspoTidetice of whatever nature, aud other mailable matter, sent 
tVom or addr«'Kned toatty officer of the Government or person now authorized to 
Irnnk such matter sliiill be chargeable witli the same rates of postage as may be 
lawfully imposed upou like matter sent by or addressed to other persons. 



BOMESTEAD FOR SOLDIERS 85 

HOMESTEAD FOR SOLDIERS. 

Department of the Interior, i 
General Land Office, Aug. 8, 1870. S 

Gentlemen: — The following is the twenty-fifth section of the act 
of Congress, approved July 15, 1870, entitled '' An act making appropri- 
ations for the support of the army for the year ending June 30, 1871, and 
for other purposes," viz. : 

Sec. 25. — And he it further enacted, That every private soldier and 
oflRcer who has served hi the army of the United States during the rebel- 
lion, for ninety days, and remained loyal to the Government, and every 
seaman, marine, and officer or other person who has served in the navy 
of the United States, or in the marine corps or revenue marine during 
the rebellion, for ninety days, and remained loyal to the Government, 
shall, on payment of the fee or commission to any Register or Receiver of 
any Land Office requii*ed by law, be entitled to enter one quarter section 
of land, not mineral, of the alternate reserved sections of public lands 
along the lines of any railroads or other public worlcs in the United States, 
wherever public lands have been or may be granted by acts of Congress, 
and to receive a patent therefor under and by virtue of the provisions of 
the act to secure homesteads to actual settlers on the public domain, and 
the acts amendatory thereof, and on the terms and conditions therein pre- 
scribed j and all the provisions of said acts, excetp as herein modified, 
shall extend and be applicable to entries under this act, and the Commis- 
sioner of the General Land Office is hereby authorized to prescribe the 
necessary rules and regulations to carry this section into effect, and deter- 
mine all facts necessary thereto. 

By these provisions the Homestead Law of 20th May, 1862, and the 
acts amendatory thereof, are so modified as to allow entries to be made by 
the parties mentioned therein, of the maximum quantity of one quarter- 
section, or 160 acres of land, held at the double minimum price of $2.50 
per acre, instead of one-half quarter-section, or eighty acres as heretofore. 
In case of a party desiring to avail himself thereof, you will require 
him to file the usual homestead application for the tract desired, if legally 
liable to entry, to make affidavit according to the form hereto annexed, 
instead of the usual homestead affidavit, and on doing so allow him to 
make payment of the Si fee stipulated in the act of 20th May, 1862, 
and the usual commissions on the price of the land at $2.50 per acre, th& 
entry to be regularly numbered and reported to this Office in your monthly 
homestead returns. 

Regarding settlement and cultivatior, the requirements of the law in 
this class of entries are the same as in other homestead entries. 

Very respectfully your obedient servant, 
"^ Joseph S. Wilson, 

Commissioner, Register, and Receiver. 



THE NEW NATURALIZATION LA W 



THE NEW NATURALIZATION LAW. 



AiJ AOt TO AMEND THE NATURALIZATION LAWS AND TO PUNISH CIUaQ> 
AGAINST THE SAME, AND FOK OTHER PURPOSES. 



Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Uni:^d 
States of America in Congress assembled, That in all cases where any oath, 
affirmation, or affidavit shall be made or taken under or by virtue of any 
act or law relating to the naturalization of aliens, or in any proceedings 
under such acts or laws, if any person or peraous taking or making 
such oath, affirmation, or affidavit, shall knowingly swear or affirm false- 
ly, the same shall be deemed and taken to be perjury, and the person or 
persons guilty thereof shall upon conviction thereof be sentenced to im- 
prisonment for a term not exceeding five years and not less than one 
• year, and to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars. 

Sec. 2. — And be it further enacted, That if any person applying to 
be admitted a citizen, or appearing as a witness for any such person, shall 
knowingly personate any other person than himself, or falsely appear in 
the name of a deceased person, or in an assumed or fictitious name, or if 
any person shall falsely make, forge, or counterfeit any oath, affirmation, 
notice, affidavit, certificate, order, record, signature, or other instrument, 
paper, or proceeding required or authorized by any law or act relating to 
or providing for the naturalization of aliens ; or shall utter, sell, dispose 
of, or use as true or genuine, or for any unlawful purpose, any false, 
forged, ante-dated, or counterfeit oath, affirmation, notice, certificate, order, 
record, signature, instrument, paper, or proceeding as aforesaid ; or sell 
or dispose of to any person other than the person for whom it was origin- 
ally issued, any certificate of citizenship, or certificate showing any per- 
son to be admitted a citizen ; or if any person shall in any manner use 
for the purpose of registering as a voter, or as evidence of a right to vote, 
or otherwise, unlawfully, any order, certificate of citizenship, or certificate, 
judgment, or exemplification, showing such person to be admitted to be a 
citizen, whether heretofore or hereafter issued or made, knowing that 
such order or certificate, judgment or exemplification has been unlaw- 
fully issued or made ; or if any person shall unlawfully use, or 
attempt to use, any such order or certificate, issued to or in the 
name of any other person, or in a fictitious name, or the name of 
a deceased person ; or use, or attempt to use, or aid, or assist, or 
participate in the use of any certificstte of citizenship, knowing the same 
to be forged, or eount^rfCTt, or ante-dated, or luiowing the same to have 

J 



TSB NSW NATTIBALIXATION LAW 87 

been procured by fraud, or otherwise unlawfully obtained ; or if any 
person, without any lawful excuse, shall knowingly have or be possessed 
of any false, forged, ante-dated, or counterfeit certificate of citizenship, 
purporting to have been issued under the provisions of any law of the 
United Slates relating to naturalization, knowing such certificate to be 
false, forged, ante-dated, or counterfeit, with intent unlawfully to use the 
same ; or if any person shall obtain, accept, or receive any certificate of 
citizenship known to such person to have been procured by fraud, or by 
the, use of any false name, or by means of any false statement made with 
intent to procure, or to aid in procuring, the issue of such certificate, or 
known to such person to be fraudulently altered or ante-dated ; or if any 
person who has been or may be admitted to be a citizen shall, on oath or 
affirmation, or by affidavit, knowingly deny that he has been so admitted, 
with intent to evade or avoid any duty or liability imposed or required by 
law, every person so offending shall be deemed and adjudged guilty of 
felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be sentenced to be imprisoned 
and kept at hard labor for a period not less than one year nor more> 
than five years, or be fined in a sum not less than three hundred dollars 
nor more than one thousand dollars, or both such punishments may be 
imposed, in the discretion of the court. And every person who shall 
knowingly and intentionally aid or abet any person in the commission of 
any such felony, or attempt to do any act hereby made felony, or counsel, 
advise, or procure, or attempt to procure the commission thereof, shall be 
liable to indictment and punishment in the same manner and to the same 
extent as the principal party guilty of such felony, and such person may 
be tried and convicted thereof without the previous conviction of such 
principal. 

Sec. 3. — And he it further enacted, That any person who shall know- 
ingly use any certificate of naturalization heretofore granted by any 
court, or which shall hereafter be granted, which has been, or shall be, 
procured through fraud or by false evidence, or has been or shall be issued 
by the clei-k, or any other officer of the court without any appearance 
and hearing of the applicant in court and without lawful authority ; and 
any person who shall falsely represent himself to be a citizen of the 
United States, without having been duly admitted to citizenship, for any 
fraudulent purpose whatever, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
and upon conviction thereof in due course of law, shall be sentenced to 
pay a fine of not exceeding one thousand dollars, or be imprisoned not 
exceeding two years, either or both, in the discretion of the court taking 
cognizance of the same. 

Sec. 4. — And he it further enacted, That the provisions of this act 
shall apply to all proceedings had or taken, or attempted to be had or 
taken, before any court in which any proceedmg for naturalization shall 
be commenced, had, or taken, or attempted to be commenced ; and the 
courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction of all offeosee under 



58 TEE yEW NATURALIZATION LAW 

the provisions of this act, in or before wtateoever court or tribunal tb© 
eame shall have been committed. 

Sec. 5. — And be it further enacted, That in any city having upward 
of twenty thousand inhabitants, it shall be the duty of the judge of the 
•ircuit court of the United states for the circuit wherein said city shall 
be, upon the application of two citizens, to appoint in writing for each 
election distriijt or voting precinct in said city, and to change or renew 
said appointment as occasion may require, from time to time, two citiz(^i? 
resident of the district or precinct, one from each political party, who, 
when so designated, shall be, and are hereby, authorized to attend at all 
times and places fixed for the registration of voters, who, being registered, 
would be entitled to vote for represeuiutive in Congress, and at all times 
a,nd places for holding elections of representatives in Congress, and for 
counting the votes cast at said elections, and to challenge any name pro- 
posed to be registered, and any vote offered, and to be present and witness 
throughout the counting of all votes, and to remain where the ballot 
boxes are kept at all times after the polls are open until the votes are 
finally counted: and said persons or either of them shall have the right 
to aflSx their signature or his signature to said register for purposes oi 
identification, and to attach thereto, or to the certiticate of the number oi 
votes cast, any statement touching tlie truth or fairness thereof which 
they or he may ask to attach , and any one who shall prevent any person 
60 designated from doing any of the acts authorized as aforesaid, or who 
shall hinder or molest any such person in doing any of the said acts, or 
shall aid or abe( in preventing, hindering or molesting any such person in 
respect of any such acts, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on convic- 
tion shall be punished by imprisonment not less than one year. 

Sec. 6. — And be it further enacted, That in any city having upward 
of twenty thousand inhabitants, it shall be lawful for the marshal of the 
United States for the district wherein said city shall be, to appoint aa 
many special deputies as may be necessary to preserve order at any elec- 
tion at which representatives in Congress are to be chosen ; and said 
deputies are hereby authorized to preserve order at such elections, and to 
arrest for any offence or breach of the peace committed in their view. 

Sec. 7. — And be it further enacted, That the naturalization laws are 
hereby extended to aliens of African nativity and to persons of African 
descent. 

' Approved, July 14, 1870. 




mFFERENOS IN TIME— CITIES OF THE WORLD— TEMRITOBIAh. 



DIFFEEENCE OF TIME. 

When it is 12 o'clock at uoon at New York City, it will be morning at aU places 
west of New York, and afternoon at all places east, as in the annexed table. 



Places "West. 



Acapulco, Mexico 

Auburn, Ifew York. . 

Au gusta , Ga 

Baltimore, Md 

Burlington, N. J 

Buffalo, N.Y 

Charleston, S. C 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati, O 

Columbus,. O 

Dayton, O 

Detroit, Mich 

Dover, Del 

Swing Harbor, O. T. . . 
Ft. liwaveu worth, Kan 

GaK-.jRton, Texas 

Geneva, N. Y , 

U arri.sburg. Pa 

Ho lolulu, S.I 

Buntsville, Ala 

Indianapolis, Ind , 

.Jackson, Miss 

Jeli'ersou, Mo 

Key "West, Fla 

Knoxville, Tenn 



16148 
50! 12 
28:28 
49138 
56i34 
40!24 
36 22 
6i 2 
18 16 
23 52 
19; 20 
23|54 
54 4 
38l 9 
371 8 
36158 

47 53 

48 44 
24' 8 

8 16 
11 44 
55,32 
47 32 
28 54 
20:28 



Places West. 



Little Rock, Ark 

Louisville, Ky 

Mexico, Mex 

Miiledgeville, Ga 

Milwaukee, Wis 

Mobile, Ala 

Monterey, Mex 

Monterey, Cal 

Nashville, Tenn 

Natchez, Miss 

Newark, N. J 

Newbern, N. C 

New Orleans, La 

Norfolk. Va 

Pensacola, Fla 

Peter.sbnrg, Va 

P!.iiladelpliia,Pa 

Pitts-burg, Pa 

Poiut Hudson. W. T.. 

Princeton, N. J 

Racine, Wi.s 

Raleigh, N. C 

Richmond, Va 

Rochester, N. Y 

Sacketts Harbor, N.Y. 



1047 
10 1 14 
10!19 
11122 
111 4 




14 
48 
111 8 
10i50 
11 59 
11 47 
1056 
11150 
11 8 
lll46 
11155 
1135 
7 45 



11 46 
11 44 
1152 



Places West. 



Sacramento, Cal 

St. Augustine, Ma 

St. Louis, Mo 

St. Paul, Minn 

San Antonio, Texas. . . 

•?an Diego, Cal 

San Francisco, Caj. . . 

Santa Fe, N. Mex 

Santa Cruz, W. I 

Savannah, Ga 

Scarboro liar. W. T 

Springfield, HI 

Tallahassee, Fla 

Tampico, Mex 

Toronto, C.W 

Trenton, N.J 

Tuscaloosa, AJa 

ITtica, N. T 

Vera Cruz, Mex 

Vincennes, Ind 

Washington, D. C 

Wheeling, W. Va 

Wilmington, N.C 

Wilmington, Del 

Torktown, Va 



H. 

8 


56 


11 


29 


10 


55 


10 


43 


10 


22 


9 


7 


8 


46 


9 


51 


8 


48 


11 


31 


8 


37 


10 


57 


11 


17 


10 


24 


11 


38 


11 


.57 


11 


5 


11 


55 


10 


31 


11 


6 


11 


47 


11 


33 


11 


43 


11 


54 


11 


49 



FLACKS EAST 



Albany, N.Y 

Augusta, Me 

Bangor, Me 

Berlin, Prus 

Bo.ston, Mass 

Constantinople, Tur. . 

Dublin, Ireland 

Edinburgh, Scotland. 
Fredericton, N. B 



AFTER- 
NOON. 



M.l 8. 
l| 6 
16 44 
26:56 
49 1 39 
11,50 

52I 

30 42 
43i21 
!29 4 



PLACES EAST. 



Halifax, N.S 

Hamburg, Germany, 

Hartford, Conn. . 

Loudon, England 

Lowell, Mass 

Middletown, Conn. . 

Montreal, L. C 

New Haven, Conn. 



AFTER- 


NOON. 


H. 


M. 


S. 





41 


38 


5 


35 


58 





5 


21 


4 


55 


41 





10 


48 





5 


28 





1 


44 





4 


23 



PLACES EAST. 



Paris, France 

Portland, Maine 

Providence, R. I 

Quebec, Canada 

Rome, Italy 

St. Petersburg, Rus 
Stockholm, Sweden. 
Vienna, Austria 



AFTER- 
NOON. 



n.lM. s. 

5 5 26 
15 10 
0|l0 25 
Oil 
5 1 45 .59 

6 57 IS 
6 8 18 
6 137 



THE CITIES OF THE WORLD. 



Cities. Population.] |Citie6. Population. Cities. Population. Cities. Population 



London 3 

Paris 1 

Con stantin'plel 

New York 1 

Vienna 1 

Peking 1 

Canton 1 

Tokio 

Bombay 

Foo-Chow 

Berlin 

Yedo (new) 

St. Petersburg 
Philadelphia.. 

Macao 

Moscow 

Han-kow .... 

Kin-Kiang 

Ningpo ... 



254,260 
,794,:itU] 
07.5, (JOO 
,046,037 
,001,999 
,000,000 
,000,000 
800,000 
644,405 
800,000 
920,000 
780,621 
667,926 
667.926 
625,000 
611,970 
600,002 
600,000 
500,000 



Liverpool 


. 493,405 


Broo'- hn 


. 484,616 


Glasgow 


477,144 


Naples.... 


. 448.743 


Calcutta 


447,600 


Amoy 


. 400,000 


Manchester. . 


. .351,189 


Madras 


. 397,522 


Brussels 


365,404 


Che-Foo. 


. 350,000 


Cairo 


. 349,883 


Binningham.. 


- .343,787 


Hamburg 


338,974 


Marseilles 


. 312.804 


St. Louis 


310,864 


Madrid 


- 298,426 


Lyons 


284,175 


Bangkok 

Lucknow 


350,000 


. 300,000 



Shanehae 


300,000 


Nanking 


300,000 


Saikio 


300,000 


Chicago 


298,977 


Amsterdam.. . 


277,765 


Lisbon 


275,286 


Rio de Janeiro. 


274,972 


Baltimore 


267,354 


Leeds.. 


359,212 


Boston 


253,924 


Warsaw 


251,584 


Mexico 


315,596 


Milan 


261,976 


Dublin 


345,722 


Rome 


244,484 


Sheffield 


239,946 


Bucharest 


221,150 


Palermo 


219,938 


Cincinnafi 


218.900 



Alexandria... 

Breslan : 

Turin 

Peeth 

Havana 

Copenhagen. 
Barcelona.... 
Edinburgh... 

Bordeaux 

New Orleans 

Bristol 

Bu'nosAyrea 
Monte Video 

Dresden 

Belfast 

Munich 

Florence 

Odesea 



.212,054 
207,997 
207,776 
201,911 
200,000 
180,866 
252,0 IS 
196,. 500 
194,056 
184,688 
182,552 
180,000 
180,000 
177,089 
174,394 
169,793 
167,093 
162,8 i4 







TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS. 




Territories. 


Capitals. 


GOVEENOBS. 


Territories. 


Capitols. 


GOVBENOBS. 


Arizona 

A)a.ska 

D,ikna 

Hist. i;ol'bia 

J,1.-,1io 

indiaii.; 


Tucson 

.Sitka 

Y:iiicton 

VVa.shiugton. 

-RoUc ... . 
Tihlequah.. 


A. P. K. Safford. 
Brig. -Gen. J. C. Davis. 
lohn i. Pf^unington. 
Commissloner.s. 
n,-i\i(lP. Trouip.<:o!i. 
I.ewi.q Downing. 


Montana 

.<i^-w Mexico.... 

'Uah 

Vas-liington.... 
Wyoming 


Virginia City... 

Santa Fe 

Salt Lake City. 

Olympia 

Cheyenne 


Benj. P. Potts 
S. B. Axtel 
W. H. Emery 
Elisha P. Ferry. 
John K. Thayer 



99 



TBS IlfDITIDTTAL STATBS OF TEE VNIOM. 



THE INDIVIDUAL STATES OF THE UNION. 

HMTOKICAL AND STATISTICAL TABLE OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA. 

\^NoU. — The whole area of the United States, including water surface of 
lakes and rivers, is nearly equal to four million square miles, embracing the 
Bussian purchase.] 



The Thirteen Original 

States. 

New Hampshire 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 



SET- 

tl'd 

1623 
ltj20 
1G36 
1633 
1613 
1624 
1681 



Sq. 

miles 


* Pop. 


1870. 


9,28o! 318,300 


7,800!l, 457,351 


1,306 217,353 


4,750 537,454 


47,000 4,388,799 


8,320| 90»,096 


46,000 3,521,791 



The Thirteen Original 
States. 



Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia — East and West , 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 



Set- Sq. 
tied miles 



Pop. 

1870. 



16271 2,120| 125.015 
1634111,1241 780.894 
160761, S.V.i 1,667,177 
165050,704 1.071,361 
1670 34,000 j 705,606 
1733 158,000,1.184,109 



* The total population of the United States in 1860 was, in round numbers, 31.500,000. In 
1865 it is estimated that the population was 35,500,000, including the inhabitants of the Ter. 
ritories, estimated at 360,000 persons on January 1, 1865. The Census of 1870 made the whole 
nnmber about 39,000,000; at the end of the present century it will be, probably, 103,000,000. 

THE STATES ADMITTED INTO THE UNION. 



STATES 
ADMITTED. 



Kentucky 

Vermont 

Tennessee 

Ohio 

Lousiana 

Indiana 

Mississippi 

Illinois 

Alabama 

Maine... 

Missouri 

Arkansas - 

Michigan 

FloricGi.: 

Iowa 

Texas 

"Wisconsin 

California 

Minnesota 

Oregon 

Kansas 

West Virginia 

« Nevada 

/ Colorado 

g l<ebra«ka 



Set ^^ 

Ay-, OROANIZINO 
TERRITORY. 



17741 ,. 

1724 

1756; 

1788 Ordin'c of 1787 
1699 1 March 3, 1805 
1730 May 7, 1800 
1540 April 7, 1798. 
1683lFeb'ry 3, 1809. 
1713 1 March 3, 1817 

1623 

1763 June 4, 1812 
1685 March 2, lbl9. 
1670|Jan'ry 11, 1805 
1565 1 March 30, 1822. 
1778 June 12, 1838. 

1694 

1669 April 20, 1636 

1769 

1654 March 3, 1849. 
1792 Aug. 14, 1848. 
1849 1 May, 30, 1854. 

16071 

1848lMarch 2, 1861. 
. . . . Feb'ry 28, 1861. 
1852 'May 30, 1854 



U.S. STAT- 
UTES. 



ACT 
ADMITTING 

BTATE. 



12 I 209 
12 : 172 
10 I 277 



Feb. 4, 
Feb. 18, 
June 1, 
Apiil 30, 
April 8, 
Dec. 11, 
Dec. 10, 
Dec. 3, 
Dec. 14, 
March 3, 
March 2, 
June 15, 
•Tan. 26, 
March 3, 
March 3, 
Dec. 29, 
March 3, 
Sept. 9, 
Feb. 26, 
Feb. 14, 
JaB. 29, 
Dec. 31, 
Mar. 21, 



1791 
1791 
1796 
1802 
1812 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1836 
1837 
1845 
1845 
1845 
1847 
1850 
1857 
1859 
1861 



U. S. STAT- 
UTES. 



AREA IN 

8Q. MILES. 



18621 12 
18641 13 



March 1, 18671 13 



189 
191 
491 
173 
701 
399 
472 
536 
608 
544 
645 

50 
144 
742 
742 
108 
178 
452 
166 
383 
126 
633 

30 

47 



37,680 

a 10,212 
45,600 
.39,964 

a 41,346 
33,809 
47,156 

a 55,410 
50,722 

a 35,000 
65,350 
52. 198 

a .56,451 

,59,208 

.55,045 

274,356 

53,924 

a, lb8,981 
83..531 
95,274 
81,318 
23,000 

b 112,090 

104,500 
75,995 



TBRRITORIES. 



"Wyoming 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Dakota 

Arizona 

Idaho 

Montana 

Indian 

h District of Columbia 

i North-western America, 
purchased by treaty of 
May 28, 1867 



WHEN 
SET- 
TLED. 



1866 
1570 
1847 
1840 
1850 
1600 
1S62 
1862 
1832 
1771 J 



ACT ORGANIZING 
TERRITORY. 



Julv 25, 
Sept. 9, 
Sept. 9, 
March 2, 
March 2, 
Feb. 24, 
March 3, 
May 26, 



1868. 
1850. 
1850. 
18.53. 
1861. 
1863. 
1863. 
1864. 



July 16, 1790. 
March 3, 1791. 



U. 8. STAT- 
UTES. 



VOL. PAGE. 



15 
9 
9 
10 
12 
12 
12 
13 

i 
1 



178 
446 
4.53 
172 
239 
664 
808 
85 

130: 
214; 



AREA IN SQ. 
MILES. 



97,883 

121,201 

c 84,746 

69,994 
;" 1.50,932 
d 113,916 
k 86,294 

143,776 

68,991 
10 miles sq 



POPULA- 
TION, 

1870. 



1,323,264 

33(»,.558 
1,258.326 
2,675.468 

734.420 
1,668,169 

842,0.56 
2.567 036 

996,175 

630,423 
1 725,6.58 

486,103 
1,184,6.^3 

189,9,50 
1,181,359 

795.590 
l.n.5.5,.501 

556,208 

424,513 
90,878 

379,497 

447 943 
44,686 
39.681 

116,888 



POPULA- 
TION, 
1870. 



9,118 
92,604 
70,000 
23,925 
14,181 

9,658 
14,882 
20,594 

131, 70P 



July 27, 1868 15 240 ; 557,390 



THE INDIVIDUAL STATES OP THE UNION. 91 

NOTES TO THE FOREQOINQ TABLE. 

a. The areas of those States marked a are derived fror» geographical author- 
ities, the public surveys not having been completely extended over them. 

b. The present area of Nevada is 112,000 square miles, enlarged by adding 
one degree of longitude lying between the 37th and 42d degrees of north lati- 
tude, which was detached from the west part of Utah, and also north-western 
part of Arizona Territory, per act of Congress, approved May 5, 1866, (U. S. 
Laws, 1865 and 1866, p. 43), and assented to by the Legislature of the State of 
Nevada, January 18, 1867. 

c. The present area of Utah is 84,476 square miles, reduced from the former 
area of 88,056 square miles by incorporating one degree of longitude on the 
east side, between the 4l8t and 42d degrees of north latitude, with the Terri- 
tory of Wyoming, per act of Congress, p^pproved July 25, 1868. 

d. The present area of Arizona is 113,916 square miles, reduced from th« 
former area of 127,141 square miles, by an act of Congress, approved May 5, 
1866, detaching from the north-western part of 'Arizona a tract of land equal to 
12,225 square miles, and adding it to the State of Nevada. (U. S. Laws 1865 
and 1866, p. 43.) 

e. Nevada. — Enabling act approved March 24, 1864. (Statxftes, vol. 13, p. 
30.) Duly admitted into the Union. President's proclamation No. 22, dated 
October 31, 1864. (Statutes, vol. 13, p. 749.) 

/. Colorado. — Enabling act approved March 21, 1863. (Statutes, vol. 13. p. 
32. ) Not yet admitted. 

g. Nebraska. — Enabling act approved April 19, 1864. (Statutes, vol. 13. p. 
47.) Duly admitted into the Union. See Pi esident's proclamation No. 9, dated 
March 1, 1867. (U. S. Laws 1866 and 1867, p. 4.) 

h. That portion of the District of Columbia south of the Potomac River 
Was retroceded to Virginia, July 9, 1846. (Statutes, vol. 9. p. 35.) 

i. Boundaries. — Commencing at 54° 40' north latitude, ascending Portland 
Channel to the mountains, following their summiis to 141'' west longitude; 
thence north on this line to the Arctic Ocean, forming the eastern boundary. 
Starting from the Arctic Ocean west, the line descends Behring Straits, be- 
tween the two islands of Krusenstem and Romanzoff, to the parallel of 65® 30', 
and proceeds due north without limitation into the same Arctic Ocean. Begin- 
ning again at the same initial poirft, on the parallel of 65° 30', thence, in a 
course southwest, through Behring Straits, between the Island of St. Lawrence 
find Cape Choukotski, to the 170* west longitude, and thence southwesterly 
through Behring Sea, between the islands of Alton and Copper, to the meridi- 
Hn of 193* west longitude, leaving the prolonged group of the Aleutian Islands 
iu the possessions now transferred to the United States, and making the west- 
ein boundary of our country the dividing Une between Asia and America. 

i. The present area of Dakota is 150,932 square miles, reduced from the for 
mer area of 243,997 s(iuare miles, by incorporating seven degrees of longitude 
of the western part, between the 41st and 45th degrees of north latitude, with 
the Territory of Wyoming, per act of Congress, approved July 25, 1868. 

k. The present area of Idaho is 86,294 square miles, reduced from the for- 
mer area of 90,932 square miles by incorporating one degree of longitude on 
the east side, between the 42d and 44th degrees of north latitude with the 
Territory of Wyoming, per act of Congresu, approved July 26, 1868. 



92 



RAILROAD SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES. 



RAILKOAD SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The following tabulation shows the distribution of Mileage and cost of Rail- 
roads in the several States and Territories on Jan. 1, 1873, Jan. 1, 1875, and Jan 
1, 1876. 



STATES,;&c. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Conneeticyt 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland and Diat. Columbia. 

West Virginia 

Ohio . 



Michigan 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Wisconsin 

Min'nesota 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Nebraska 

Missouri 

Wyoming Territory ... 

Utah 

Dakota .'. 

Colorado 

Indian Territory 

Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama , 

Mississippi 

Louisiana , 

Texas , 

Kentucky 

Tennessee , 

Arkansas 

California , 

Oregon 

Nevada 

Washington Territory . 



MILES 
OPENED 

Jan. 1873 



949-25 

574-45 

687.30 

1,936.00 

109.69 

1,047.00 

5,299.00 

1,307.00 

4,564.00 

203.25 

1,06200 

5.00 

5,211.00 

2,802.00 

3,837.00 

7,632.00 

2,573.00 

1,726.00 

2,373.00 

2.357.00 

631.30 

2,168.00 

459.00 

177.00 

61.00 

387.50 

279.00 

1,946.00 

1,205.00 

1,024.00 

1,711.00 

378.00 

1,648.00 

1,168.00 

549-65 

1,486.00 

1,319.00 

849.80 

583-00 

390.00 

251.00 

629.00 

105.00 



COST OF j MILES '.'OSTOF 

ROAD AND OPENED ROAD AND 

EQUIPMENT. Jan. 1875 KQCIPMENT. 



9 37,301,714 
12,691,918 
23,22 t;,o6o 
131,708,096 
5,015,261 
54,753,348 
376,086,319 
136,666,663 
330.317,396 
3,587-140 
64,986.324 
176,611 
369,281,484 
103,748,886 
192,429,240 
348031,098 
86,933,205 
82,042,292 
82,891 ,533 
113,793,734 
17,049,576 
129,981,272 



7,410,000 
18.821,800 



79,284,735 
36,695,658 
29,005,482 
38.220,651 
7,142,000 
17,478,466 
38,861.209 
30,759,042 
42,458,914 
45,445,392 
29,260,323 
35,721,095 
35,034497 



$41,022,713 

33,179,315 

45,108,722 

101,796,308 

8,921,895 

19,001,718 

403,729,837 

156,324,108 

448,222,701 

6,168,379 

57,318.219 

61,307,801 

281,715,927 

173,817,209 

190,307,178 

358,718,916 

96,311,717 

95,312,171 

142,319,729 

74,617,856 

53,747,833 

141,791,312 

27,240,557 

47,308,222 

6,059,671 

30,993,169 

17,598,329 

74,301 ,222 

40,017,687 

39,018,955 

59,101,318 

17,691,654 

70,895,133 

43,001,792 

30,117,002 

57,318,901 

62,728,511 

58.319,555 

43,752,718 

98,142,918 

18,934.712 

53,722,119 

7,859.701 



65,595-19 $3,234,297,438 90,050.62 $3,928,926,400 [. 91,617.20 «3,94I,333.197 



TOTAL 


COST 6P 


TKACK. 


ROAD AND 


Jan. 1876. 


EQDIPMENT 


1,080.20 


$41,311,209 


1,029.07 


34,092.711 
46,117. 119 


951-96 


2,708.10 


103,218,769 


276,53 


9,319,722 


1,192.56 


59,214.219 


7.926.41 


407,218,722 


2,604.86 


161. 719. 333 


8,590.32 


451,312,718 


353-73 


6,168,379 
59,573,581 
61,307,801 


1,947-53 
679.04 


5,812.88 


288,729,218 


4,305-37 


149,722,617 


4,601.55 


173,107,999 


8,280.90 


371,319,705 


2,676.20 


98,417,987 


2,066.01 


95,312,171 


4,196 10 


146,922,716 


2,348.88 


78,221,351 


1,304.63 


54.117,317 


3.327.35 


141.717,201 


100.14 
641.76 


27,240.557 


42,788,197 


301.65 


6,059,671 


759-04 


31,322,712 


290,80 


13,719,222 
76,129.714 


1,790.03 


1,524.66 


4o,822'7i9 


1,4^1-45 


39,317,411 


^a;? 


59,101.318 
17,691,654 


2,om.8j 


70,895,53;^ 


1.15723 


43,001,792 


65728 


30,117.002 


1,835 --4 


57,318,901 


1,122.04 


62,728,111 


l,8i5-34 


58,319,552 


811.01 


43,752,718 


1,979-91 
399-88 


98,142,918 


18,934,712 


712.67 
170.70 


58.209,117 
7,856,701 


91,617.20 


«3,941,333.197 



Union Pacific— Length 1 ,038 miles ; Cost $84,998,000 Central Pacific— Length 1,222. Co 13139,746,311' 

The average cost of Railroads m the United States, including the great 
overland lines which cost more than $100,000 per mile, or about 10 per cent, of 
the total cost of Railroads, is $47,277 per mile. 

The progress of Railroad construction in the United i'.tates since 1827, in 
which year the Granite Railroad at Quincy, Mass., wiis inaugurated, to 
January 1st in each year, is shown in the following table : 



1827 

1828 

1829 

1830 

1831 

1832 

1833 

1834 

1835 

1835 

1837 

1838 

1839 

1&40 

1841 

1842 

1843 

1844 

1845 

1846 

1847 

184ft 

J849 ; 

^{.'.'.'.'.'.V.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 



MILES OPEN. 



41 
54 

131 

762 
918 
1,102 
M3I 
1,843 
a, 220 
2,797 
3,319 
3,877 
4,174 
4,3" 
4,522 
4,870 

^2 
6,350 

8,589 



25 
13 
13 
77 

441 
186 

lit 
329 

412 

477 
577 
522 
558 
297 
137 
211 
318 
466 



1852 
1853 
1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
i860 
1861 
1862 
J863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
187. 
1872 
'873 
i87t 
1875 
1876 



MILES OPEN. 



11,027 

13,497 
15,672 
17,398 
19,251 
22,625 
25,090 
26,755 
28,771 
30,593 
31,769 
32,471 
33,860 
»*,442 
35,351 
3&,896 
38.822 
42,272 
48,860 
55,535 
61,647 
68, 58 
73,403 
75,006 

A79^ 



2,438 
2,470 
2,175 
1,726 
1.853 
3,374 

nil 
2,016 
1,822 
1,176 
702 
1.389 
582 
909 

1,541 
1.926 

g,i88 
5,075 
6,112 
6,511 
5.245 
i3Q4 



N\ 



MSUOATIONAI^ 93 



EDUOATIGNAL STATISTICS. 



The Public School statistics of the United States require a Tolume 
of themselves for their complete elucidation. We can only give ag- 
gregates of the most important items. 

The number of children of school-age in 48 States and Territories, 
in 1873, was 13,688,125. The number enrolled in 45 out of these 48 
States, etc., was 7,854,586. The average attendance in 36 out of 48 
States, etc., was 4,199,749. The number of schools in 43 States, etc., 
was 154,387. These 48 States and Territories reported, in 1870, 
14,025 private schools, aside from professional, technical and scien- 
tific schools, with 25,077 teachers, 726,668 pupils, and, an annual in- 
come of $13,696,146. In these States, etc., there were 226,067 teach- 
ers employed in the public schools ; of these 87,127 were male teach- 
ers, 137,212 female teachers, and of 1,628 the sex was not given. 
Idaho paid the highest average salaries to both her male and female' 
teachers, giving each an average of $162.50 per month in gold. 
North GaroHna paid the smallest average to her male teachers — $26 
per month. Main paid the lowest wages to her female teachers — 
$14.40 per month. 

In 44 States, etc., in 1872 — all that reported — the average wages 
of male teachers was $55.40 per month, and of female teachers $43.18 
per month. 

The total annual income of the public schools in the 48 States, etc., 
in 1873, was $79,926,249. Of this immense sum $64,324,193 was 
raised by taxation, $3,914,408 was interest on permanent funds, and 
the remainder from the sale of lands, rate-biUs, and other sources. 

The expenditures are divided into two classer , the one of current, 
the other of permanent expenditures. Under the first class come 
teachers' wages, fuel and Hght, rent, repairs, stationery and school- 
books, and miscellaneous. Under the second, the cost of sites, build- 
ings, libraries and apparatus. The amount paid for teachers' wages 
in 36 of these States, etc., in 1873, was about $45,683,913. For fuel, 
lights, rent, repairs, stationery, and school-books, $5,051,801 was 
expended in the States which reported these item*. In 34 States 
and Territories $13,786,628 was paid for buildings and sites. In 15 
States, $560,333 was expended for hbraries and apparatus. The en- 
tire expenditure in 47 States and Temtories in 1873, was $78,785,- 
448. Several of the States not reporting have large fun?ii«, and it is 
probably within bounds to estimate the present value of th» sohooJ 
funds of all thd States at more than $^,000,000. 



94 



SDUOATIOitAh 



The following table shows the number of colleges and coUegiate 
institutions, instructors and students in each State in the Union, in 

1872: 



STATES. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

<J"nrectiont. 

Delaware 

Georgia 

Illinois. 

Tndinna 

iowa 

Kentucky 

Kansas. 

Louisiana 

Maiae 

Maryl^jud 

Mansaciiusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesflta 

M i.ssissippi 

Miasonri 

Nebraska 



RO. OF 


KO. OP IN- 


KG. 0? 




COL'CS 


STKUM'TS 


STOD NTS 




15 


131 


1,165 




4 


15 


267 




22 


178 


2,190 




10 


128 


1,538 




2 


19 


227 




2;{ 


122 


1,853 




a.-) 


312 


5,193 




22 


186 


2,828 




15 


143 


1,923 




17 


169 


1,617 




12 


96 


931 




9 


65 


740 




6 


65 


9.58 




14 


137 


1,335 




19 


275 


4,425 




4 


38 


549 




13 


111 


1,862 




10 


96 


1,242 




25 


265 


3,074 




S 


7 


48 





STATES. 



New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina 

Ohio 

Orejiou. 

PeuiiHylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tenne.s8ee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginii* 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 

District ot'Colnmbia. 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washicj^ton T( rrit'y 



wo. OF 


KO.OFIM- 


COL OS 


STRUM'TB 


10 


108 


10 


127 


62 


605 


16 


97 


45 


435 


10 


157 


49 


543 


3 


34 


7 


49 


23 


211 


16 


109 


6 


54 


23 


246 


7 


59 


14 


159 


5 


74 


1 


4 


1 


8 


' 


5 



2,063 
1,686 
13,608 
1,498 
7,009 

966 
5,988 

640 

586 
3,270 
1,843 

454 
2,416 

8.22 
1,760 

506 
51 

367 

104 



Of scientific and professional schools in the United States, there are 
reported 110 Theological Seminaries, having 573 instructors, and about 
3,838 students; 37 Law Schools, with 158 professors, and about 2,174 
students ; 94 Schools of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy, with 1,148 
professors and 8,681 students ; 3 Eclectic Medical Schools, with 26 pro- 
fessors and 310 students ; 8 Homoeopathic, with 136 professors, and 
499 students ; 11 Dental Colleges, with 158 professors, and 448 stu- 
dents ; 13 Pharmaceutical Societies and Colleges, with 48 professors, 
and 933 students. There are also 103 Normal Schools for the training 
of teachers, with 887 teachers and 16,620 students ; 44 Agricultural 
and Scientific Schools, which have received the National land-grants, 
and 29 which have not received them, all largely endowed, and with 
749 professors and 7,394 students. There are, moreover, 112 com- 
mercial or business colleges, or departments of colleges, giving a 
limited course of instruction generally only in topics relating to bu- 
siness. These have 514 teachers and 22,397 students. There are 40 
institutions for the instruction and training of deaf mutes, with 289 
instructors and 4,534 pupils ; 28 for the blind, with 545 instructors, 
and 1,916 pupils, and 9 for the idiotic, with 213 instructors and em- 
ployees, and 758 inmates. 

Of special schools and means of instruction, beside the Military 
Academy at West Point and the Naval Academy at Annapolis, there 
are very many. Most of our larger cities have one or more, many of 
them two or three Schools of Art, Academies of Design, and Schools 
of Instruction in Wood Engraving, Free Drawing, Water-color Paint- 
ing, Architectural Drawing, and Sketching and Modeling from Na- 
ture and Life. Some of them, Hke the Cooper Union in New York, 
the Peabody Institute at Baltimore, and the Stevens Institute at Ho- 
bokeu, are magnificent foundations, and furnish opportunity for the 



MDUOATTONAL 



95 



highest free education in art matters. There are also nnmerons 
schools of higher instruction in music, with eminent teachers and a 
large attendance. Special schools for instruction in navigation, sur- 
veying, mining, metallurgy, chemistry and civil engineering are also 
becoming numerous. 

Most of the Mercantile Library Associations have classes for the 
instruction of their members in modern languages, mechanics, higher 
mathematics, etc., and many of the Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tions have also established such classes. 

By reports made in May, 1875, at the Twentieth Annual Conven- 
tion of the Young Men's Christian Associations, we find 554 reported 
in the United States and British Provinces, and we have reason to 
believe there are about ] 50 Associations who have not reported. There 
are 34 in Colleges, and 22 German Associations. 519 report a mem- 
bership of 63,011. 198 own libx'aries, numbering 181,340 volumes. 
56 Buildings and 46 Funds, aggregate $2,843,656 of capital invested. 

Of the principal Libraries in the United States, we copy the fol- 
lowing from a list published for 1874: — Congressional, 261,000 
Boston Public City, 260.500; Harvard University, 200,000; Astor 
N. Y., 148,000; Mercantile, N. Y., 148,000; Yale College, 100,000 
Philadelphia Library Co., 101,000; New York State, at Albany, 93,000 
Mercantile of Philadelphia, 105,000; N. Y. Society Library, 64,000 
Peabody Institute, Baltimore, 56,000; Cincinnati Public, 62,000 
Apprentices', N. Y., 50,000; Mercantile, Brooklyn, 48,000; State 
Library, Annapolis, Md., 40,000; State Library, Lansing, Mich., 40,- 
000; State Library, Sacramento, Cal., 34,000; State Library, Harris- 
burgh, Pa., 30,000; State Library, Augusta, Me., 28,000; State 
Library, Boston, Mass., 35,000; Boston Athenseum, 103,000; Society 
Library, N. Y., 64,000; Public Library, Chicago, 111., 40,000; Mer- 
cantile Library, San Francisco, Cal., 38,000; Mercantile Library, St. 
Louis, Mo., 42,000; Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., 40,000; Brown 
University, Providence, R. I., 42,000; Dartmouth College, Hanover, 
N. H., 50,000; Bowdoiu CoHege, Brunswick, Me., 35,000; Antiqua- 
rian, Worcester, Mass., 55,000; Public, Worcester, Mass., 33,500; 

EXPENSES PER HEAD OF THE STATES FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES. 

The following table shows approximately the expenditure per head 
of the school population, in some of the States and Territories. 



MassaohuBette |19.39 

Nevada 19.17 

California 11.89 

Conuectiont 10.95 

Iowa 8.82 

Idaho 8.40 

nUoois 7.97 

Peuneylvania 7.86 

Michigan 7.42 

New Hampshire 7.38 

New York 6.8:5 

Vermont 6.47 



Ohio 6.48 

Kansas 6.45 

Now Jersey 6 38 

Khode Island 6.20 

Miuiiesota 5.71 

West Virginia 4.99 

Wisconsin 4.98 

Maine 4.87 

Maryland 4. .ID 

Arkansas.^ 3.97 

Louisiana 2.84 

Delaware 2.70 



Missonri |2.65 

Nebraska ".fi.'i 

Indiana 2.37 

Kentncky 2.20 

Dakota 2.00 

Diet, of Columbia 1 .72 

Flimda» 1.55 

Alabama 1.49 

Tennessee 91 

North Carolina 48 

"Vii'ginia 2i 



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OTHER BUILDINGS. 



In addition to the Centennial Buildings proper, many edifices have 
been found necessary in order to accommodate foreign commissions, 
and to give our own States and Territories facilities for the transac- 
tion of Centennial business and the indulgence in social intercourse. 
A number of fountains and memorial statues have been designed 
and executed, commemorative of valuable services to the Republic, 
or of modern services in the cause of philanthropy and science, the 
most prominent of which ai-e: 

STATUE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 

STATUE OF THE AMERICAN SOLDIER. 

THE CENTENNIAL FOUNTAIN. 

STATUE OF COLUMBUS. 
STATUE OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY. 

STATUE OF WM. PENN. 
STATUE OF EMANCIPATION. 

This group, which is of colossal size, was executed by Harriet Hos- 
xner, the American Sculptor, iu Rome. 



cc 



0]SrE HUKDEED TEABS AGO." 



HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY OT THE IWITED STATES. 



1761. 
Excitement in the colonies against the British Govern- 
ment, caused by enlbrcenient ot Navigation Act against 
illegal traders. 

1765. 

Protests against Stamp Act (passed -Alarch 22 1 by the 

colonist.s, who object to taxation without representation 

Oct. 7— Fir.st Colonial Congress mcl in New York. 

1766. 
Stamp Act repealed. ,. - ■ 

1767. 
New duties levied on glass, paper, printers' colors and 
tea, and against whiclrthe colonial assemblies protest. 
1768. 
Geu. Gates sent to Boston to overawe the colonists. 

1770.. 
March 5 — Boston Massacre, when the. first blood was 
spilt in the dispute with England Daniel Boone ex- 
plores Kentucky. 

i7n. 

Armed protest against taxation in the Carolinas, and 
Governor Tyrou suppresses the rebellion. 
1773. 

British Parliament repeals the duties, ex-cept three 

pence a pound on tea Dec. 16— Dutiable tea emptied 

into Boston Harbor by men in disguise: ■ - " • - ' :. > 
1774. . ■ ■: 

Boston closed by British Parliament a 

..Sept. 5— Till- tir.sl Cdutinental Con-r 
Carpenter'sllall, Philadelpihiai...'.B«ciar M I i ' i^nitil 
Rights issued — Aliril— Tea liiiiown- n-s . rt- :ii'1 .n Xew" 
York Harbor. . , .Dec^ . 25— Srilisli! tea ship 't'orblddi-'n' th 
land at rhili(,d.aipliia. H ■ . . ,.i Uii ' ii •0- ' ' 
. ■ . ■ ., . .1775. ■•'■:.!•. >,'-■'•! 

.\pril. 19— Battle of Lexington, Mahs.; iind 'bogirifiiilc:-'6f 

the War ui' ludeijondenue May liJ— Fort ''l'ic<ipndefo'ffa 

captured i,.y C'<)1. lithan Allen. . . .(jrowm Point and'Wlrife'- 

hall taken .Junel7— Battle of Btmker Hill; and death 

of General VT^nrren. . . .20-^ueoru'fc Washiriitou ooiiniii?;- 
iioned.Uom,mu.nder-iir-cJiiet'of the Amir oi tlie (nitecl 
ColoHics. ., .Bills ot'oredit,,kl5owna!^ tlonhneiuai niMney, 
issued by Oongress.... Americans inVade tUiUftda. . ...Sur- 

rendeav of MoiUroal Deatli oi Genoral .Vnnti.'ninerv 

before Quebep....KeutucKv tirst .settled livwuites, near 

Lexington., ' ' ' 

1776. ■ • • '-- '>■■■■'■ 

March 17— The British evacuate Boston. . . .Amerlgans 
drivejl out ol' Canada...; July 4-*eclal-a«io'h '(A-rndy- 



iiltry 



1778. 
Feb. 6-»Treaty of alliance with France. . . .May fr— Paroa 
Steuben created a nlaior-general in .\mprican armv. . . . 
June 18— Howe's army evacuates PhiUulelpliia, andiS- 
treats towards New York... 28— .Xttaeked bv Aiiierit-anail 
on the plfiins of Monmouth, and retreat.- ayainij).. . .faljti) 
8— A French fleet arrives in the Delaware. i.^.'SO^Aionvi 

gress meets in Philadelphia Shoes worth iSJUO^a pair-' 

in the earohlias....Aiig. 12— French. ajidEaglishfleetsi' 

disabled in a storm off Rhode Island 29— Battle 'dfii 

Rhode island. . . . Wyouiiim Vaiiev pillaged by Tories and 
Indians. . . .Nov. 3— French tieet .i,iils:f<jc,W;estJjidie6t.i'y 
11, 12— Cherry Valley attack-d hv Indians and Tories. . . . 
Dec. 29— The Brjti.?hei\ptiiri- .SilvannaliiGa.- i -*- i' u^U. 

■ i77S , , :■. I ..|i;i'.'il 

March— Major-ge,jieral,,L-rael Putiuim's, .famous i/idje>!'. 

down HorsjCJiOck Hill -Mav U-T-Briti,^h advgnr'e toi < 

Charleston, to'. C.,' but reUeat ^it the upproui-li .it iion:rI.» 

Lineolu. .'. .Tuheu— PaU'ick Jleni-y ai';; J iiue— -NorloiB; - 

Va.'j biu;nt b.V tlie Bjuti.-jh. . Juu.i'^iJ—Amiirioaiis repulseiJiVl 
'at .^tune T;eny,. .,. ,July— Kcw.Un v^'n,.i,'t., pluBdered, andtl* 
Bast Ha'vL'U, .Fairfield aiwl KonvaJk :'iu?ned,:, Stwfly . . 

Point, on' the Hudson, captured liv tin- .Americans 

So;;i. 2J— J'.iul Jones, dnttu' Bon lioiiiiiia Riehfifti! Oajia 
'.' ■ r:i'i,sli, sljip .^ei'ai.is ...(Jet. .9— Kcipulse otitCi 
'. .' UM-.rieau.-, and cl.-.illi .if L'.iiuit i'lilaski.^.u-t'"! 
L, ,;,:-.. .il ,.i Briti!shu!K.i>:> troin Jlliode (slaiicU'.-'.i.iil 

Gen. SnUiNar. eliustj.-es tin-, i-i.v >;aUoiis Dec. 2.T-^Sir,iA 

Hehry Clinton, wiih hi.s lon-e-, saiis, t..i' tlie South. J. vni 
\\,:ishi'ugtua in, VTiutvr ijuart. rsat Morristown, :>«■>. ■'ni>'. 
■ V^, : . ■ - : --id! 

W'.i I iti *.;i -eiij.i Biiniii DiEaUi to aid tho Patiii:itsiiti.-.i 
the I !:• r,!,.;-. . IVli, 1 lT-i.;iiutoii',s tr.i,ioiir, laud beloWiti! 
(:h,i':( -iua. , ..Ma.v IL'— rfun-riider of ('l)*irle«loU. j. •SUb-'X!' 
jagaiMii ot .Suiitli I 'aniliiia . .liep. Gates marches South 
and is.de^er^ted hy t Im Biitasli, ai,!J*n>iid(en,ii»viC.%i-Uig. 16<1 
"arbftDeKa^kiU'd. ., .B):ilisliaaaiBt.laBdin>Jei'.sey.;au(l^iii 
ttenVptto capture Wa-!iiiiut.iii's stores at JloTristowil^fiHi 
ut are repulsed at Spriir^lield, June 2:',. .ti.l\- 10— .Ar- 
rival .tt aFrenf.-!) tlpet.atKl ti,(X«).tioop.i, under the Ci>unj;f'. 

(Ic Ri.ichambt;a#^i;^t Jslewpurl, R., I Sept. 22— Arnol<LiiH 

lUfiets Andre a;t Hdviir.stra\\; iu arranu'olor thowurrender 
ot \Vv-.5t;;PolUt-',-'23— ^''^l.''-'"'''"'' Maior Andre and dis-ifdM 

coVej;v _ot' BeJiecUct ^ A mold's tnasou Get— AndJennt 

ha'nged a^s S'sjjy Ainerican Academj- of ; Aris. an«Sirj 

Sciences at Boston founded. ..,;,, 

Goutiuental money amiost Svorfpless Jan. 17— Defeat 



jondehce,' Aug. 2^Sigaed.by the repwseutatK'es of 'tht'oV the. Briti.-,h at Co"^ pens Uv Qen. Mori'ap, ai^l retrtiab.t 
:hirtjeen states..,. July .S-«Bead to' Ihe-peOiae by.Tcrnfi m tlie' .VnieneausiiLto VirKiuia. ^.M.areli ,15— BattUi crfnuc- 



Nixon from' the. Obseriyatory. 'State-house' yard. Pliihi- 'kiii' 
delphia — Au;;-. 27T-tAmericans defeated on Loiiir 1 -Unvi i!'.— 
.Sept. 9— Title of ' United States" adopted liv I ',_;■-,, i 
.Sept. 13— New York City tak«n'by'tlie B-iii . ' . r 

11, 1?— Battleon LakeChamplam Retreatm i ,~ :, ■,... 

ton over the. Hudsou aii.\ across th J(rse\s in frii'... d, p; 

sylvaiiia Oct. IS— Kosciusko eonimissi.-,iied an nfiieer'lmn 

in U.S. army . . . .Oct. -J!!— Battte ot Wliite Pl;iins, V Y: . . . iEdu' 
Dec— Congress adjourns to Baltimore. ...2'j— W'asliinjt.in'iiir'i 
crosses the Delawaix»i 26— C.-tptiires l.tlltU Hessians atlTval 

Trenton, and recrosse.s the Delaware Dec. — Ben itimtn '< a • ' i 

Franklin and. Arthur Lee; U.- S. Em'bassv to .solidt Hidjaim 
rrom.Frauce,:arrive mParis. I . . " , - ii)ii.ii 

Jan. 3-r-BattIe of Priuoeton... .Washington iq Winiei-f Briti^ 



rd ..^. Ketve.aldt the British to ^^'illlllU^;toll . -\hiy-,n 
t of L\iniire,-,s auMiorj^iugBanU of North Ameiiicaiioii 
'^tablishcd at Pliiljulelpjiia-.,,. Battle o! . Euta>v>UJil 

Si.iiith Carolina. .. .'New London. Ct., burnt by 
.ii-U .. Arnold,, in , -tlie BxiUs.li;6er;vice,:C0uimitS!T 
I:. lions in Virsuiia, .,-.,Aug.-T-!Cori(walUs;;toii'titie(i'; I'i 
II at Vorktov.n.'. . .'Arnold devastates the New 

ii i eou.st Si pt.2S— ^ya^'liilgton;a<ndRocbaJ^l»eau•'^. 

> ;oie Y.irktoivh.;-.,.0,ct. 13.^aHrrejider pi itiwu-i 'o-i 

,: ■ '. .ri.iouiu M?hichsecuri(;stlia ul.tiB(iatii>triuiuf»h>Joi| 

Poc-'i.iuiljeanren!aia,.iiH.Viii^jmai>it>!-.i 



into \\ inter 



fle 



r^h, and 

le iUidM..ii, .;, ■ ; . .,,.,,,•■ .,^,,1. 

;.,,_,. . ; 17i2- , ::..!.• 

. --. -- _ from^^iInii:j.ii,i,.?u, .-!. C, a; the ajiproaoli of.'o-!- 

uarters at Mornslown, reeeive.-) 24,00U' muskets frObii Gen. St. Clair . . .Clinton and Ins a.ruiv bloekadid in NeW'iiU 

trance Cou,gress returns toi PliiJadelfihia. '. ..\prU^I York by Washiut4ton. . . Manli 4— British Ilou-e m Coiu- 

3ritisa burn. Daubury, Ct May— Amerieans destr^v'^iions resolves to end the \var. . -.ftlay 5— Arrivad of tein'l 

3riti,sh stores, at Sag Harljor, L. I. - June oU— .>^ritiKhlGuy Caf^elio.p, 1;o treat; lor pci^co July 11— BrUirfii,r,'W 

isse,Srfrom Jersey to Sttitbn iHlahd. .. .JnlV 10— .i'v-a'cuate'Savaunah . .First war. shipebnsirneted in tlieif'iA 
t',BritJ3ii Gen. Preswttir. Ivhodeilsland byCol United States a tPortsinontb, N, U,.. ..John A<Uin>, J<.iin,i"i->h 
Vm. Barton. ... July5—Buiyoy3»e takiistlrcfwn Pointaild,.T.'iv. ]>r Br njaniin Fr.inklin. Tboanas JeiKr,-on «nd-iisuu 
"iconderoga — 31— Lalavette commissioned a niaior i flenrs Laurms ai'iiointod by tlie I'jiiteil States, Coiiimis- 
eneral, and introduced to \' ashlnetou ii; I'tuLi ! 'i hi i . -ioneivsiu i-ouelude a tnaty ot iieaco.vvitliGreiit.BritaiiWfRl, 

Lug. 3 Aug, i 16— Battle oi; Beiitiingtun • ';' i' . pour of theui meet Kiiuli.-li eouwi;!s.-ii;n<uo in Parisvi .-Mot 

5attle,atv BraudiYwuie and rfctr<;atot Ani, I'i; ,;:. to .md .--iuu preliiiii),uiry tje;uy Nov. ;«.,.. .Doe. U-^BritisJi jitl 
;hester, Wtitoihiladelpltial2,...Seiit. 1)^— <'on-rV'ssre-;.-iMeuait' Charleston, .and 'Gen. Francis Marion ("Thaisgy 
ires to,Lauca,ster, and then toYori;.^ .2(>— Briti-.h Gejb fS'wamiJ Fox") di.-Nliaiids bis brij^e. 
owe ipiirtmes to Philadelphia.. »hn\ cncani])sa 1 1 ;enna'lx-t ' 
own — Octw 4— Washington attac' 

ian*own^...,Burgoyneadvances1;„ K.«. .,,w.,i ,. . .-vr-irrrr ., -^i o 

ender of Burgoyne aiidhis whole Armv to <;en .'-it, . 'r('.'it\''o'r pfeafce...'.-4- ctssifioTi'of lio>tiliues proolaiui«i(oiiflK 

tSaratoga,>Ii.\,,,.2S-rB8«tae.ot'RedBft'nk,on I'i I,'f,\ iro m tile army Feb. 5— -inieriean linlei)eiiaen<v ac- 

:iver and death of Count Donop Howe'.-, .amy ^u«.-,jknowledged by Sweden; Feb. 25, acknowledged bv Den- 

ito W inter quhrters in Philadelphia, and 'VVashijjgfoa's mark; March 24, by Spain; July, by Russia — Sept. 3— 
t valley Forge. iDefluite treaty of peace signed at Paris, and America's 



sSidcncani])sati;('nnaix-t' ,, ,• , . , i ,i78& ,,,.;,,.)„,, i >,jrv. i/!'oiii'ta 

acts, the cueme at Ge'r-f ' Jiji^BAilk 'lif Is'orta Amci'A^^a ape^m idp P;ljil*.ii^pUia ««t 
stoSarrto-'u. . r-Sar,' ' .Jati.'_?Q-7Fi:f^i;iV,flyu4vS'.'''olJ^ conimiSfiiolieri si^nA— tf\ 



98 



CHRONOLOGY. 



independenrn aoknowlcdRrd hr Great Britain June 

19— Society ol 1 lip Cincinnati Idinud by officers ot the 

army at Newburg Nov. 3— Lnited Status army lonn- 

ally disbanded . 25— New York City evacuated by the 
British, and General Washington at head ot American 
army, entered the city. .26— Congress a.s.'sombles at 
Annapolis, Mri .Dec. 4 — Washington takes leave of nis 
comrades-in-arms. New York Citj' . . .Dec. 23 — Washing- 
ton resigns liis commission to Congress Slavery 

abolished in Massachu.setts The parties known as 

Federali.-its and Anti-Federalists originated. 
1784. 

First voyage of an American ship to China from New 

York. .New York Chamber ot Commerce founded 

Jan. 4— Treaty ot Paris ratified by Congress. 
1785. 

John Adams, first American ambassador to England, 

has an audience with the King First Federal Congress 

organized in New York. 

1786. 

Shay's insurrection in Ma.s.sachusetts. 
1787. 

May 26— A convention to amend articles of Confedera- 
tion composed ot delegates Irom all the States except 
Rhode Island, met in Philadeliiliia. Federal constitution 
formed and submitted to ('ongress Sept. 28. . .Julj' — 
Northwestern Territory, embracing the present Statesof 
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin estab- 
lished. 

1788. 

Quakers of Philadelphia emancipate their slaves. 
1789. 

March 4 — Federal Constitution ratified by the requisite 
number of States, and becomes the organic law of the 
Republic... March 11— Philadelphia incorporated as a 
city . . .April 6— Washington cho.sen the first Presidentof 

the United States, and John Adams Vice-President 30 

— Washington inaugurated at the City Hall, Wall Street, 
New York Departments of Treasury, War and For- 
eign Affairs created, and a national judiciary established 

Nov. 21— North Carolina adopts the Constitution. 

1790. 

District of Columbia ceded to the United States by 

Marj'land and Virginia April 17— Death of Benjaminj 

Fi-anklin May 29— Rhode Island adopts the Constitu- 
tion, being the last of the original thirteen States to do so. I 
Aug 12— Congress adjourns in New York, and, Dec. 6,j 

meets in Philadelphia First census of the United 

States; population 3,929,326 Territory South-west of 

the Ohio established. A United States ship circumnavi- 
gates the globe Troubles with the Indians, which con- 
tinue until '94 The Anti-Federalists become known as 

the Republican party. I 

1791. 

Feb. 18— Vermont admitted as'a State City of Wash- 
ington founded First bale of cotton exported to Eng- 
land since the war. 

1792. 

April 2— Act past establishing United States Mint at 
Philadelphia... .June 1— Kentucky admitted as a State 

Washington and Adams re-elected — June 21 — 

Philadelphia and Lancashire Turnpike Company Char- 
tered, Road opened in 1795— the first turnpike in the 
United States. 

1793. 

Cotton-gin invented by Eli Whitney. 
1794. 

Congress appropriates $700,000 to establish a navy. In 
surrection among the Dutch in Western Pennsylvaniaon 
account of duties on distilled liquor John Jay ap- 
pointed Envoy Extraordinary to England to settle dis- 
putes between the two Governments. 
1795. 

Treaty with Western Indians. . .Yellow-fever pestilence 

in New York Oct.— Treaty with Spain. 

1796. 

June — Tennessee admitted as a State — Credit of thi- 
Government re-established, and all disputes with foreign 
powers, except France, adjusted — Sept.— Washington 
issues a farewell address. 

1797. 

John Adams inaugurated President; Thomas Jefl'erson 
Vice-President. . . .Envoys appointed to adjust difficulties 
with France are refused an audience with the French 
Directory. 

1798. 

Preparations for hostilities with France July- 
Washington again appointed Commander-in-chief of the 

Army Navy Department created, with Benjamin 

Stoddart of Maryland, as Secretary French Directory 

make overtures for peace. 

1799. 

Jan.— Lafayette returns to France Feb. 26 — Three 

Envoys proceed to France to negotiate for peace 

Dec. 14— Washington dies at Mount Vernon, aged 68 
year*. 

1800. 

Removal of the Capital from Philadelphia to Washing- 
ton May— Formation of Mississippi Territory Sept. 

30— American Envoys to France conclude a treaty with 
Napoleon Bonaparte. 



1801. 

March 4— Thomas Jefferson inaugurated President. . . . 

Tripoli declares war against the United States U.S. 

Navj' Yard at Philadelphia established. 
1802. 

.\pril — Ohio admitted as a State... Yellow Fever ravages 
Philadelphia. 

1803. 

April— Louisiana purchased from the French, and divi- 
ded into Territory of New Orleans and District of Loui- 
siana. ..Alien and sedition laws passed Amendment > 

to the •-onstitutiou adopted Com. Preble sails lot 

Tripoli V. S. frigate Philadelphia captured by tin- 

Trlpolitans. 

1804. 

Lewis and Clarke start on an exploring expedition ii)) 
the Missouri and down the Coluinbia River to the Pacilic 

Ocean Feb. 15— Lieut. Decatur burns the Philadelpliiii 

in the harbor of Tripoli Middlesex canal, first in the 

United States, completed J'uly 12— Alex. Hamilton 

killed ir a duel by Aaron Burr Aug.— Com. Preble 

bombards Tripoli. 



. .June 3 — The Pa.sha 
..Yellow-fever pesti- 



Michigan created into aTerritorj'. 
ot Tripoli makes terms of peace, 
lence in New York. 

1807. 

May 22 — Beginning of trial of Aaron Burr on a charge 
of treason, Richmond. Va. ; Sept. 15, acquitted : recom- 
mitted, but never tried. .. .Robert Fulton navigates the 
Hudson in a steamboat. . .June 22— The (.'liesapeitke f.ied 
upon by the British ship Leopard . Retaliatory meas- 
ures between England and France cripple the American 
.shipping trade abroad .Congress decrees an embargo, 
which detains all vessels, both American and foreign, in 
port. 

1809. 

March 1— Congress repeals the embargo on .~liipping, 
and at the same time passes a law forbidding all com- 
mercial intercourse with England or France until their 
obnoxious restrictions on commerce .shall be removed. 

. March 4— James Madison inaugurated President. 
1811. 

Congress refu.ses to recharter the Bank of the United 
States — Nov. 5— Battle of Tippecanoe^General Harri- 
son defeats the Indians. 

1812. 

June 19— The President formally declares war against 

Great Britain General Dearborn appointed Com- 

inander-inchief. . New England States threaten to se- 
cede. .. July 12— Gen. hull crosses the Detroit River to 
attack Fort Maiden. Canada . . 17— Fort Mackinaw cap- 
tured by British and Indians . . Aug. 7— Hull retires from 
Canada ..13— The Essex, Captain Porter, captures the 
Alert — first vessel taken from the British in that war 
— 16— Surrender of Detroit to British .' Several skirm- 
ishes on the frontiei . . 19— U S. irigate Constitution, 
Commodore Isaac Hull, captures and burnsthe Guerriere. 
...Oct. 18— U S. sloop Wasp, Capt. Jones, captures the 
Frolic, and both are taken by the British ship Poictiers 
25 — U S. frigate United States, Com. Decatur, captures 

the Macedonian Dec. 28— The Constitution, Com. 

Bainbridge, makes a prize of the British frigate Java 
— April 8— Louisiana admitted as a State. 
1813 

Jan. 22— British Gen. Proctor defeats the Americana 
at Frenchtown , prisoners and wounded massacred by 
the Indians. . .Admiral Cockburu destroys shipping in 
the Delaware and '•avages the Southern coast. . New 
England coast blockaded by Com. Hardy .f^eb. 21— 
Battle ot Ogdensburg, NY March 4 — Second inaugu- 
ration of President Madison .. .Successful delense of 
Forts Meigs and Sandusky . . April— Americans capture 
York (now Toronto^. .May— Fort George taicen . June 
1— U. S. frigate Chesapeake surrenders to the Shannon 
(British;; Capt James Lawrence— (" Don't give uji the 
ship 1 "J — mortally wounded and dies June o... General 
Dearborn succeeded by Gen. Wilkin.son . . Aug 30— Ma.s- 
sacre by Creek Indian's at Fort Minims, Alabama River 
— Generals Andrew Jackson and Coftee prosecute the 
war against the Indians . .Sept. 10— Battle of Lake Erie 
—Com. Perry defeats and captures the British Fleet. . . 
28 or 29— Americans take possession of Detroit. .. Oct. 5 
— Battle of the Thames. Americans, under Gen. Harri- 
son, almost annihilate the British, under Proctor Ti- 
cumseh killed . Termination ol the war on the North- 
west boundary. . .12— Americans compelled to abandon 
Fort George. British and Indians surprise and capture 
Fort Niagara and burn Buffalo and several otherviilages 

and towns Power loom introduced in the United 

States. 

1814. 

March— The Essex taken by British ships Phoebe and 
Cherub. . . .Gen. Wilkinson repulsed on Canadian frontier 
and superseded by (Jen. Izard" . May 5— British attack 
Oswego and withdraw 7 . July 3— Fort Erie captured 
4— Battle of Chippewa; British defeated. .. .25— Bat- 
tle ot Niagara ; British again defeated. . Aug. 9-12— Com. 

Hardy makes an unsuccessful attack on Stonington 

Aug. 15 — Repulse of assault on Fort Erie 24 — Ross de- 
feats the Americans at Bladeusburg, and on the same 



CHRONOLOGY. 



99 



day captures the City of Washington, burning the Capi- 
tol, White House and other buildings 25— British re- 
treat to their ships Sept. i2-li— Unsuccessful uttack on 

Baltimore; Gen. Ross killed Sept, 13— Key composes 

"The Star-Spangled Banner." Sept. 15— British at- 
tack on Mobile repulsed. .. Sept.— Com. McDonough's 
victory on Lake Champlain. The British land forces 

under Prevost, are defeated at Plattsburgh, N. Y 

Americans destroy Fort Erie, and Nov. 5 go into Winter 

quarters at ButTalo Nov. 7— Gen. Jackson .storms and 

captures Pensacola, Fla., and leaves for Mobile 9 15— 

Harttord Convention— Federalists oppose the vfar, and 

thnaten a .seces.sion of the New England States Dec. 

-'—iJen Jack.son arrives at New^ Orleans 24— Treaty of 

peace with Great Britain signed at Ghent. 
1815. 

Jan. &— Battle of New Orleans.... 15— U. S. ship Presi 

dent captured by the Endymion Feb. 17— Treaty ol 

i;iieut ratiticd and peace proclaimed March 23— The 

Jliirnet cajitajres the Penguin War with Algiers ... 

Com. Decamr humbles the Mediteranean pirates 

April 6— Massacre of American prisouers at Dartmoor, 
England. 

1816. 

Congress charters a new United States Bank Indi- 
ana admitted as a State The Republican party in N. Y. 

City adopt, for the first time, the title of Democrats. 
1817 



10— President Jackson issues a proclamation, denying 
the right of any State to nullify any act of the Federal 
Government — The Morse system oJ electro-magnetic 
telegraphy invented. 

183.S. 

Tariflf dispute settled by the passage of Henry Clay'.s 

bill March 4— President Jackson inaugurated for a 

second term — He rmoves the public funds from the 
Bank of the United States ...Widespread commercial 
distress — Opponents of Andrew Jackson flrstcall them- 
selves the Whig Party... .Oct. 14— Political riots in Phil- 
adelphia. 

1834. 

Cholera again rages in New York. 
1835. 

War with Seminole Indians, led by Osceola, in Florida 

. .Texas declared independent Nov. 15— Great Are in 

New York — Democrats first called "The Locofooo Par- 
ty.". . . .July 12— Negro riots in Philadelphia. 
1836. 

The Creeks aid the Seminoles in their war Arkansas 

admitted as a State — National debt paid off March 

29— Pennsylvania newly incorporates the Bank «f the 
United States. 

1837, 

Jan. 25— Michigan admitted as a State.... March 4— 

Martin Van Buren inaugurated President The banks 

suspend specie payment; panic in business circles. 



James -Monroe maugurated President. .. .The United'.Manv Americans as.-iist the Canadian in.surgents The 
States suppresses piratical estabhshments in Florldaisteamboat Caroline burnt by the Biitish, near Schlosser 
and Texas . . . Trouble with the Seminole and Creek Indi-!east of Niagara, on United States Territory. 

ana — Dec— Mississippi admitted as a State July 4.— i 1838. 

Erie Canal begun. Proclamation by the President against American citi- 

^ , , ,^ lol?; . zens aiding the Canadians... The steamship Sirius, the 

Gen. Jackson pursues the Indians into Florida, takes first to make the Western transatlantic passage arrives 
Pen.sacola and banishes the Spanish authorities and'at New York from Cork,Ireland, and is followed on the 

troops — Aug. 24— Centre foundation of present Capitol : "' " - . - 

laid at Washington, D. C Dec— Illinois admitted as a ' 

state. 

1819. 

Florida ceded by Spain to the United States Steam- 
er, named the Savannah, first crossed the Atlantic. 
First lodge of Oddfellows opened in the States Terri- 
tory of Arkansas tormed — Dec— Alabama admitted as i 
a State. 

1820. 

March— Maine admitted as a State. ...James Monroeidied Apiil 4 .. .Aug, 9— Sub-Treasury act repealed and a' 
re-elected President. trenenil bankruptcy bill passed.... Alex. MacLeod, im- 



. Aug. 24— Centre foundation of present Capitol .-^aine day by the Great Western from Bristol, Ens 

„.),.r,„f„„ r. ^ r.„„ _ T..: „.,„=..„., . . _ ^he Wilkes exploring expedition to South Seas saifed.' ' 

1839. 
Another financial panic, and, in October, banks sus- 
pend specie payment. 

1840. 

July 4— Sub-Treasury bill becomes a law Railroad 

riots in Philadelphia. 

1841. 
March 4— William II. Harrison inaugurated President; 



1821. 
Aug. 21— Missouri admitted as a State, with the famous 
" Compromise," under which it was resolved that in fu 
ture no slave State should be erected north of northern 
boundary of Arkansas — Streets of Baltimore lighted 
witli gas. 

1822. 
Piracy in the West Indies suppressed b.v the United 

States Boston, Mass., incorporated as a city March 

S— United States acknowledge independence of South 

America Oct. 3 — Treaty with Colombia. 

1823. 

President Monroe promulgates the doctrine that the 

United States ought to resist the extension of foreign 

dominion or influence upon the American continent. 

1824 

Aug. 15— Lafayette revisits the United States. 

1825. 
March 4— John Quincy Adams inaugurated President 

Corner-stone of Bunker Hill Monument laid byLatay 

ette Lafayette leaves for France in frigate Brandy 

wine — Erie canal completed — Contest between the 
Federal government and Georgia concerning Indian 
lands. 

1826. 
July 4— Death of ex-Presidents John Adams and Thom 

as Jefferson Morgan excitement and formation of 

Anti-Masonry Party. 

1828. 

-May— Congress passes a tariff bill imposing heavy 

duiifs on British goods. Denounced by the Southern 

liidlik- as oppressive and unconstitutional Title o: 

'Uiniocrats" adopted generally by Republican Party 
1829. 
March 4— Inauguration of Gen. Andrew Jackson as 
President — July 4— Corner-Stone lain of U. S. Mint, 
Philadelphia. 

i8.m 

Treaty with the Ottomau Porte Workingman's Par- 
ty originated in New York City. 
; 1831. 

Jan. 10— King of the Netherlands renders his decision 
pnthe boundary question between Maine and the British 
possessions. Rejected by both parties and question set- 
tled in 1842 by the Treaty of Washington July 4— 

uames Monroe dies. 

I 1832. 

Black Hawk Indian War commenced June27— Chol- 

tra Lireaks out in New York — Aug.— Indians driven 
beyond the Missi.-s.sippi- capture of Black Hawk and end 
i)f the war — South Carolina declares the tarift' acts 
null and void and threatens to witlulraw from the Union 
U the Uuvernmeut attempts to collect the duties.., ,i»eullated for the evacuation of Mexico by the Aiueric 



plicaied in the burning of the Caroline, tried for arson 

and murder at Utica, N. Y., and acquitted, Oct 12 

Feb. 4— United States Ban^ tailed and other banks sus- 
pended specie payment. 

1842. 

Aug.— Treaty, defining the boundaries between the 
United States and the British American Possessions and 
for suppressing the slave trade, and for giving up fugitive 

criminals, signed at Washington Aug. 1— "Abolition 

Riots," ill Philadelphia. Churches burned. 
1843. 

Suppression of a threatened insurrection in Rhode 
Island, caused by the adoption of a new constitution, 

known as the Dorr Rebellion Jan. 11— "Weaver's 

Riots," Philadelphia. 

1844. 

Treaty of commerce with China. . . May and July- 
Riots, and Catholic churches burned in Philadelphia 

May 27— Anti-rent riots in New York State Tele- 
graphic communication established between Washing- 
ton and Baltimore. 

1845. 

March 1— The Republic of Texas received into the 

Union 3 — Florida and Iowa admitted as States 4— 

James K Polk inaugurated President. . . June 8— Death 

of Gen. Andrew Jackson Treaty with Great Britain 

fixing Northwestern boundary. .. Gen. Zachary Taylor 
ordered to defend the Texan border against a threatened 
invasion by Mexico. 

1846. 

War with Mexico, . . .May 8— Battle of Palo Alto. . . .9— 
Battle of Reseca de la Palma. Mexicans beaten in both 

July 6 — Com. Sloat takes possession of Monterey 

Aug. — Gen. Kearney takes possession of New Mexico. . . . 

Col. Fremont occupies California Aug. 19— Com. 

Stockton blockades Mexican ports Dec. — Iowa admit- 
ted as a State. . .Oct. 25.— Com. Perry bombards Tobasco, 



Nov. U— Com. Connor occupies Tanipico 
1847. 
Feb. 8— Kearney proclaims the annexation of Califor- 
nia to the United States Col. Doniphan defeats Mexi- 
cans in Chihuahua and takes po.ssessiun of that province 

Feb. 23— Battle of Buena Vista, Taylor defeats Santa 

Anna — March 27— Surrender of Vera Cruzand casth- to 

Gen. Scott and Com. Perry Battle of (;erro Gordo, 

April 18 — Aug, 20— Battles of Contreras and Cherubus 

CO Sept. 8— Battle of Molino del Key 13— Battle of 

Chepultepec — 14— American army enters City of Mex- 
ico. 

1848. 

Feb. 18 — Gen. Scott superseded in Mexico by Gen. Wui. 

O. Butler Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo which stlpu- 

, au At- 



loo 



OHBONOLOOT. 



ih.y within three months; the payment of $15,000,000 byiand subsequently goes to Philadclpliia, New York and 
tile United States to Mexico for the territory acquired Boston, enibarkint: lor liouit- Oct. 20, at Portland, Me. 

by conquest; and it also fixed boundaries, > tc Feb ij June 28— Steam.ship Gnat Eastern first arrives at New 

— JohiiQuiucvAaams dies Postal convention between Vork Dec. 18— U. S. Senate rejects "Orittenden Corn- 
United .'^lates and Great liritain — May 29— Wisconsin, promise.' Dee. 20— Carolina secedes troni the Union 

admitted asa State. July 4— Peace with Mexico lor-; — Dec 26— (ieu. Anderson evacuates Kort Moultrie, 
mally pioclaimed. .News of the discovery of gold iniiiharleston, and occupies Fort Sumter. . .De«. 30— Presi- 
Caliiornia reached the States. . . .Mormons (founded bvldent Buchanan declines to receive delegates from South 
Jo.si^ph Sniith I827J settled near Great SaltLake, btdlilCarolina. 
— Dec.8— First deposit of California gold in Mint. 1861. 

1849. ) Jan. 9— MLssissippisccedes. Contederatesat Charleston 

Great exodus of gold-seekers to Calitornia. . . .March 4 tire into reinforcement steamer Star or the West. . .10— 

—The " Wiliuot Proviso " passed by Congress. . . . March .'jl Alabama and Florida secede. . . .11— Major Ander-son re- 

— Gen. Zachary Taylor inaugurated President.. .June islfuses to surrender Fort Smnter. .12— Conrederatesfortifv 

—James K. Polk dies The people of ('aliioniia vote Vicksburgh, Miss., and .seize Navy Yard at Pensacola 

against .slavery in that territory — Cholera in XewY,>ik|Fla 18— O^eorgia secedes Jan. 26— Louisiana secede.s 

May 30 to sept. 8— Philadelphia depleted by cholera' 29— Secretary-of-Treasury, John A. Dix, issues his 

.Treaty Miili England for a Iran.sit way across the thrilling order, addressed " W. Hemphill Jones, New Or- 



Isthmus of Panama. 



1850. 



March 31— Jolui C. Calhoun dies May— The Grinnell 

expedition, in search of Sir John Franklin, leaves New 

York July 9— President Tavlor dies. .. Great fire in 

Philadelphia . . .10— Vice-President Millard Fillmore as- 
.•iiimes the Presidency... Violent debates between the 
Pro-slaver.v and Free-Kiil ^lartios in Congiess over the 
proposed admis.sion of Caiilornia Sept. 9— Passage of 



lenry Clay's " Omnibus BtU," relative to slavery 
Territory of Utah orgauizeil, 
1851. 

Letter postage reduced to three cents Lopez's expe 

dition landed in Cuba Lopez caiJtured, ancf execut<;d 

in Havana, Sept. 1.. . .Minnesota purchased from the 
SiOu.x Indians. . ..Dec. — Louis Ko.ssutli arrives in New 
York — Dec. 24— Capitol at Washington partly destroyed 
bj- fire. 

1862 

United States expedition to Japan, under command of 

Com. Perry, a broilitr of the hero of Lake Erie June 

29— Henry ( 'lay dies — Oct- 24— Daniel Webster dies. 
1853. 

Washington Territorv created nntof the northern part 
of Oregon, ...4 — F'raiiklin Piirco inaugurated President 
May— Four ve.s.sels, under Capt. Ringgold, leave on an ex 
ploring expedition to the Norih Pacific Ocean. . . Expedi- 
tions stait to explore routes for a railway to the Pacific 
coast — Second expedition in search of Sir John Frank- 
lin leaves, under command of Doctor Kane. . Capt In- 
graham upholds the rights of American citizenship in 
the afl'aif of Martin Koszta, at Smyrna. 
1854. 

May— passage of the Kansas Nebraska Bill, which cre- 
ated those two Territories and lelt the people of every 
territory, on becoming a State, free to adopt or excliule 
the institution of slavery. .Feb. aS— Seizure of the 
American Steamship Black Warrior in harbor of Hav- 
ana... June 7 — Keciitrooity treaty between Great Brit- 
ain and the United States, respecting international 
trade, li.sheries, etc.. . ..July 13— Ca])t. Hollins of sloop 

Cyane bomlmrd.s .^an Juan ,de Nicaragua March 31— 

Commercial treaty with Japan concluded by Com. Perry 

Oct 9— Ostend Conference. 

. 1855. 

Serious trouble in Kansas over the slavery que.stion. . . . 
William Walker lakes possession ot Nicarii-ua and cs- 

tablislioa >;iiverninent there Iiine 28 — Railroad from 

Panama to Aspinwall opened Dispnte with England 

over enlistment of soldiers for Crimean War tien.^ 

Harney chastises the Sioux Indians. . 

■ ". 1856. ,, ,,,,;, ,.,.;--. i.u.- 

May 22-TPyestow S. Brooks of;,^uft,iG»f olinft„a^awUs 
Charles Sumner, in Seriate. ■t^nni'-]u-S ',r 
1857.- :■ 

Jan. 4— Kansas rejects the Lecompton Constitution 

DisturlMHces in I tab. .. March— The Sujjrenie I'uurt 
givesjudsiiii'nt in tlic Died Srott case. .Aug. 24— Bi:. 
ginning ut liiuuicial panic, whic.li culminates in an al.lKe.im die 
inostgeneralsus|ieusion of banks. IColunibia.. 

1858. 



leans " " If any one attempts to haul down the American 

flag, shoot him on the spot!" Feb. 5— Texas recedes 

by legislative act. Peace conJerenee assembles at 
Washington, D. C. , and first congre.ss of the seven seceded 
States assemliles at Montgomery, Ala. . . Jefierson Davis 
cho.sen President of Contederaje States, and A. H. 
Stephens, Vice-President. .. .18 — Davis inaunurated at 
.Montgomery, Ala. Gen. Twiggs .surrenders to the Con- 
federates in Texas, and March I isdismis.^ed Ironi L". s 

Army in disgrace 22— President-elect Lincoln, witli 

his own hands, raises the American tlag at the State 

House, Philadelphia March 4:— He is inaugurated at 

Washington Apiil 12— Major Anderson again relu.ses 

to surrender, and the Confederate batteries open fire on 



Fort Sumter. The North arou.sed. . . 14— Maior Ahderson 
evacuates Fort Sumter "wi.h colors hying and drums 
beating, bringing away company and private jiropertv, 
md .saluting his riag with fiftv gun.'' . . .15— Preadeiit 

Lincoln calls tor 75.iX)0 troops 17— President Davis 

issues letters of marque, and President Lincoln blockades 

Southern ports Virginia passes ordinance of secession 

18 — U. S. Arsenal at Harper's Ferry de.stroyed by 

Federal authorities F'irst troops arrived at Washing- 
ton, via Harrisburgh, Pa 19— Sixth Ma.ssaehu.setts 

Regiment attacked while passing througii Baltimore. 

Seventh Regiment of New York leaves that city for 

Washington... 21— Nortolk (Va.) Navy Yard burnt by 

Federal authorities. . ; .May 6— Arkansas formally .secedes 

9-11 — Tennessee secedes. ..20— North Carolina secedes 

24— Col. E. E. Ellsworth murdered at Ah xandria, Va. 

June 3— Stephen A. Douglas dies. . July 21— Battle of 

Bull Bun. . . .Aug. lU— Battle ef Wilson's t'reek, Missouri 

—Gen. Nathaniel Lyon killed. . 20— Gen. G. B. McClellaii 

assumes command'ot .Vrniy of Potomac Sept. 20— Col. 

•Mulligan forced to surrender at Lexington, Ky Oct. 

21— Battle of Ball's Bluff, Va.— Gen. E. U. Baker killed. 
31— Gen. Winfield Scott resigiLS, and McClellan is 

made commander-in-chief Noy.8— Capt. Wilkesof the 

San Jacinto captures Mason and Slidell on board of the 

Trent. War with England imminent 30— Jefferson 

Davis elected President of (Jonfedcrate States for six 

years Deo. 2— Congress votes thairks to Capt. Wilkes. 

30 — Bants in New York suspend specie payment 

Mason and Slidell surrendered, and ou Jan. 1. 1862 they 
sail for Europe. 

1862. 

Jan. 17— Ex-President Jolui Tyler dies Feb. 6 — Gen. 

Grant captures Fort Henry — 7-<i— Gen. Burnside cap- 
tures Roanoke, N. C. . . .13-16- Assault and capture, by 
Gen. Grant, of Fort Donel.son, Tenn... 27 — Government 
enjoins newspapers from giving publicit.v to important 

military movements March 2— Gen. F. W Lander 

dies at Camp Chase, Va 6-8— Battle of Pea lUdae. Ark. 

Rebel ram Virginia (lormerlyMerrimaci sinks ilie 
Cumberland and the Congress 9— Naval battle be- 
tween the Monitor and the Merrimac. 11— McClellan 

assumes personal coniinand (jl the Annv of I'otoinoc 

14— Hurnside calitures iNewbuni. N. C. .'. 18— Gen. W. H. 

April 1— Slavery abolished in District of 

—McClellan beiiins siege of Vorktown, Va. 

.6-7— Battle of Shiloh or Pittsbur>;li Laiuiing- death 

May— Minnesota admitted as a State Aug. 3— Kansas of Gen. A. S. Johnston; Gen. C. F. Sniiili dies 25 and 

again rejects Leconipion Constitution Aug.— Atlantic JGen. W. H. U Lawrence 10 25— New Orleans surrend- 

telegrajih cable laid. Pre.sideut's mes.sag© tp Qneen Vic-iers to Farragut May 1— Geu. Butler tonnally takes 

toria .sent 10, but cable proved a failure. Jpossession of New Orleans 6— Battle of Williamsburg, 

18p9. . Va 31-June 1— Battles of Fair Oaks and Seven Pines, 

Oi'egoii admitted as a State — June 25— Commodore |Va 27-July 1— Seven Davs' Fight, Va. . . 12— President 

Tatilall of r. S. Navy, in tUiiue.se water.s, makes his'Lincoln appeals to the Border Statesin Ijchalf of emanci- 

laiuOus utterance; "Blood is thicker thati water!' jpation. .. .14— Gen. Pope assumes command in Virginia 

July 4— A. H. Slcplieiisof Georgia advoiates the forma-l. ..-.18-19— New York and Philadelphia bii:in using car- 
tioirnt a Southern Cuutederacy . .. ..Oct, 10— Joiin Browusjtickets and postage stamps as currencv. . ■23— Halleck 
raidiiii Harper's Ferry — 18— Brown and hiscunipanionsjmade General-in-cliief of U. S. army... .Vug— Admiral 

captured Diic. 2— Brown hung.,. , ..iNov.— Geu. Scolt|George C. Reid dies. .. .5— Battle of Baton Rouge, La,— 

sent toproteclAmericauiiitejestsinSan Juan. iGeii. Thomas Williams killed 6— Gen. K.ibt. L, McCook 

1860. ishot by guerillas, .. 9— Battle of Cedar Mountain, Va 

March- John Brown's comiianious hung Niarch 27— ,16— .'vicClellan i etreats from Harrisons Landing, Va 

Japane-e Embas.sy, fir.st to leave JaJtan. arrive at San 23— (Jen. Heiirv Bohlen killed. .. 29— Batth- of Groveton, 
Francisco. Received at Wasliiuglon U. i.'.., liv Presidentior ,'vlan;ussaj, \'a.. . .30— Second Battle oi Bull Run, Va.— 
Buchanan, and alteiwards have public renpticjiis in.tien. (icorge B, Taylor dies Sept. 1.,. Sept. 1— Battle of 
Baltimore, PhiUidelphia and New York, departing from i'bantilly,Va— Gens Philip Kearney and Isaac J Stevens 
the latter city in ingate Niagara June 29 . . May 17— killed — President Lincoln issues proclaniatiou as a pre- 
Abraliam Lincoln nohiinateil at Chicago Sept. 21— liminary Ui emaiaiftating slaves .McClellan placed in 
5 at Detroit, visiting Lnited Slatcs.lcommaud of lunilications vi Washington 14— Battle 



Prince ol Wales arrive 



'jk €SRONOLOar.\ 



101 



of South Mountain, Md.— Gen. Reno killed 13-15— |A. Stedmankilled — 8— Fort Gaines captured — 16— Gen. 

Harper's Ferry, Va., surrendered 17— Battle of Au-jD. I*. Woodbury dies — Sept. 1— Sherman occupies At- 

; tietam, Md — (.ion. Manstield killed; Gen. I. P. Rodmaujlanta, Ga 7— He orders its depopulation 14— Gen. J. 

(lies Sept. 29, and (!en. I. B. Richardson Nov. 4 24— B. Huwell killed 1!)— Sheridan deleats Earh- at Win. 

t President Lincoln pni\isionally suspends habeas cor)iUselic.s1ii-, Va.— Gen. D. A. Russell killed 24— Com. T. A. 

I ....Oct. l-lnternal-n-A-eiiue Stamp Law goes Intoellri'tC'iiUcMr dies 29— Gen. H. Biirnham dies Oct. 19— 

... .3-4-6— Battle ul f'.n inlli, Miss.— Gen. P. A. Haekelin^iii Urix 1 jaid on St. Albans, Yt. . . .19— Battle ol Cedar Greek, 
1 killed... .S-Battleotl\iryviili-,Ky.— (Jens. R.. J. OgU•^^^ , Va-~(kii. D. D. Bidwell killed. .. .29— Gen. T. E. G. Ran- 

I Wm. R. Terrill and J. S. Jackson killed 1(J-13— Con- soni dies Nov. 8— .AlcClellan resigns trom V>. S. army. 

[j federates, under Stuart, enter Peimsylvania 30— Gen 13— Sherman destroys Atlanta — 3U— Gen. Thonia.'* 

; Ro.sencrans supersedes Gen. Buell at the West Gen. repul.ses Hood at Franklin, Tenn.— Rebel Maj. -Gen. P. R. 

ij O. IM. Jlitchell killed at Beaulort, S. C Nov. 5— Gen. Cleburne killed Dec. 14-16— Thomas defeats Hood near 

il McClellan superseded by Gen. Burnside as commander .Nashville, Tenn.. . .21— SbermanentersSavannah, Ga — 

of Army of Potomac... Nov. 6— Gen. C. D. Jameson dies. |24-25— Admiral Porter aiul Gen. Butler assault Wilniing 

II 7— Com. Garrett J. Pendergast dies lU— Rear [ton, N. C. 

1 Admiral E. A. F. Lavalette dies.... 22— Gen. F. E. Patter. 1865. 

son killed at Fairfax, Va Dec. 10-15— Gen. Burnside Jan. 13-15— Attack on and capture of Fort Fisher, N.Oyj 

. attacks and retreats from Fredericksburg, Va.— Battle! — 16— Monitor Patap.-jeo sinks, Charleston Harbor...^ 

of Fredericksburg Dec 13— Gens. G. D. Bayard and ! Feb. 1— Congress abolishes slavery in the United States." 

C. P. Jack.son killed.... 31— Battle of Murfreesboro.Tenn., " "-"• ■ " ■ ■ ■ " - '• ■- ••>...-.-- o 
begun, and Bragg is defeated. 
1863. 
Jan. — Gen. E. N. Kirk, wounded at Murfreesboro, dies. 
1—Pre.sidcnt Lincoln emancipates slaves 9— French i 



Government otters mediation . declined Feb. 6. . .26— Gen 
Hdokcr siiyierscdes Gen. Inirnsidc. . . .25— Congress passes 

the Colls, ription or Dv:ilt Mil March 3— Congress 

authorizes suspension ot li,;lieascoriius . . .6— Clement L. 
Vallandingham serenailcd in Philadelphia— great cxcite- 
I ment there,. .18— Bread riot ot (!onfede:ate soldiers' 
1 wives, Sali.'-bury, N. C. . . .21— Gen. E. V. Sumner dies. . . . 
il 28— Gen. James Cooper dies. . April 7— Federals attack 
^ Charleston. S. C. 26— Gen. Bunij-ideassunioscommaiul 
of Departmcntol Ohio. . Mav 1-4— Battle of Chancellor 



6— Battle Of Hatcher's Run, Va 17— Columbia, S. 

C, captured 18— Charleston, S. ('., surrendered... 18 

—Gen. Lee assumes su, reiiie command of Conlederate 
armie.s, and recommends arming of the blacks... 22— 
(Jonledera'.e Con;, ress decree tluit the slaves shall be 
irmed. Schofield captures Wilmington, N. C — 27-Mareh 

6— (Jcneral Shcriilan's raid into Virginia March 4 — 

Seciiiii iiiauguiatioii of President Lincoln. .. .14-April 13 

— Stoncuian's raid in Virginia and North Carolina 

Mai-ch KJ-ll-Battle of Kinston, N. C. .. .2U— Mobile, Ala., 

besieged 29-April 3— Battles of Hatcher's Run and 

Five Forks,^ Va April 2— A.ssault on Petersburg, Va 

2-3— Grant occupies Riehmond and Petersburg, Va 6— 

Battle ot Deaionville, Va 9— (ieneral T. A Smyth dies. 

Surrenderof Gen Lee, Appomattox Court-house, Va...,,, 



ville, Va.— Stonewall Jackson is wo-iiKh'd, and dies Mayjl2— The Union Ilag hoisted at Fort Sumter. Mobile, Ala., 
10; Gen. H. G Berry dies Mayo-, Gen. A. W. Whip) Icjcaptured. . . 13— Dralting and recruiung stopped.. . .14— 
.^lav5- and Gen Ed. Kirby,Jiinel. . , Mav 4— Cen. Jo>ei>h I'ri.sideiit Lincoln a.s,-as<iiiated by John Wilkes Booth... 

B. I'lummerdies 14— Gr.int defeats lien. Jce J..tin>l.on 1 15- I'n-ident Lincoln dii s, and Andrew Johnson becomes 

at Jackson, Miss... 16— Grant defeats<!in Peniljcnon alil'residciit 22— Com W. W, McKean dies 26— J. 

Champion Hills, Miss. .. 18— Grant invests Vicksburg.jWilkes Booth shot. .. .May 4-9— Surrender of Gen. Taylor 
.Mis,- June 14— Battle of Winchester, Va. .Gen. Leeiand rebellieet. . ,10— Capture otJetVerson Davisatlrwins-. 
ni\ .idrsMarvlandand Pennsvlvauia. . 16—Mayor Uenrv' ville, Ga.. ..26— Surrender ol Geneial Kirby Smith... .End, 
ol .■hiladelphia calls upon citizens to close their plaeesiot the Kdjcllion. . . ,22- President Johnson rescinds orde:V, 

of business and prepare to delend the State 27— (ten.jreriniriugijassportslrom all travelers enteniig the I nited. 

Ceo, H. Meade supersedes Gen. Hooker. ., .28— Theatres, Slates, and opens Southern ports. .. .26— He )iroelaimsa 
lil.i aries and places of business closed in Pluladelphia, conditional amnesty. . . .June 1— Solemn last tor death ot 
an. I enrthworksthrownuponroadsleadingintothecity President Lincoln.... July 7— Execution ol.l'a\ne, Atzer-. 
. July 1-3— Battle ot Gettv.sburg, Pa.— Gens. Keynold,'ott, Harrold and Mr.s. Surratt, tor complicity m Liucoliv; 
\\ . I'd, Fanisworth and Zoofc killed. . . .4— Vicksburg sur- assas.sination. .. .Oct. 11— Pardon ot Ale.xander Stephens. 
r. lalers to Gen. Grant and Rear- Admiral Porter 7— and other Southern officials Nov. 2— National thanks- 
Gnat reioicing at the North over the surrender. . . .State-jgiving for peace. .. .6— Capt. Waddell .snrrenders cruiser., 
house and tin -bells rung in Philadelphia. . . .8— Port Hud- Shennandoah to British Government. . . .10— ('apt. V\ irz,. 
son, -Miss., sum iiders,, ,15— President Lincoln names'of Ander.-onville pri.son i^xiiuted. . . ,22— Com. .T^ H .Mi.ss-, 
Aug. 6 as a day ot National Thanksgiving. . , ,13-16— Draft roon dies. .. Dec. 1—Habeaseorpns restored at the North, 
riots in New York City, also that week in Boston, Mass., 

and Portsmouth, N. H 30— Gen. Geo. C. Strong, 

wounded at storming of Fort Wagner, Charleston (July 
10-18 dies. , ,Aiig. 14— Gen. Benj. 'rt'alsh dies. . . 21— Law- 
rence, Kas., sacked and burned. .. .25-30— Gen. AveriU's 
calvary raid into Virginia .Sept. o— Women's bread 
riot in Mobile, A\s.. During the year there was also one 
in Richmond, Va., five thousand women taking part, . . . 

6— Port W;igner,Cliarleston,evacuated 8— Boatattack 

on FortSiunter, , , 10— Gen. Burnside occupies Knox ville, 
Tenn.... 19-20— Battle of Chickaniauga,Ga.-Gen. W. H, 
Lytle killed, '..Oct. 10— Quantrell's attack on Fort Scott, 
Kan,sas. . . 21-22— Battle of Philadelphia, Tenn . . .Nov. 12 
— Meeting held to restore Arkan.sas to the Union. .14-17 



■Gen. Longstreet defeats Burnside 23-25— Grant and ern Unionist Con 

Sherman defeat Brag at Chattanooga, Tenn. . . .25— Gen. 
Wm. P. Sanders dies. . .26-27— Battles of Locust Grove 
and Mine Run, Va.. .Dec 4— President Lincoln offers 
aior-'stv to all but the rebel leaders. ..16— Gen. John 
Bnlorddies ., .22— Cooper's Shop Soldiers' Home, Pliila- 
ilelphia, dedicated. . . .30— The Monitor founders off Cape 
Uatteras, 

1364. 

!.iii, .S— Rear-Admiral George H. Storcr dies. ...Feb. 11 

11. Wm, J. McCluuev dies..., 20— Battle of Olustee, 

Feb 27-Marrh 4— Kilpatrick and Dahlgreea re- 

.i at Ri.iii!i..iid, Va.. .March 12— U S. Grant StlC- 

- iialleck as co'.niuander-in-chiet April 8— Battle 

.-.ibine Cross Roads, La. .. .9— Battle of Phasant Hill, 
I :. 12— Massacre at Fort Pillow. Tenn .Mav 1— Com. 
v.- I). Porterdies. , , ,!)-13— Battle of the Wihi. rn; -s, V3.— 



1866. 

Jan. 28— Hon. Thomas Chandler dies. . . Feb. 19— Preei: ; 
dent vetoes Freedmens Bureau bill — March 14— Jared, 

Sparks, historian, dies 27— President Johnson vetoe.s 

Civil-rights bill April 9— Civil rights bill i.assod i.ver 

thePresident'sveto.. .12— Hon. Daniels. IikIuii.sou dies. 

. May 16— President Johnscui votoes the achois.sion ol 
Colorado as a State. , .29— Gen. Wiiiheld Scott dies. . .June 
7— Fenians from the United States make a raid into 
Canada... 17-lIon. Lewis Cass dies.... July 16-Freed- 
mens' Bureau bill become a law , . .27— .A.tlantic telegraph, 
— the successlvU oia — comiilcted. . 3li— Mui lien. Lysan-; 
dor Cutler dies ..Aug 14— National Union Convention, 
as.sembles in Philadel])hia-NM'jwam. .^ Srpt. 1— South- 



.: II Alex. Havskilled; Gen. JaniesS. Wa 
MavC. .9— Gen. John Sedgwick killed.. 10— ( 
i; Stevenson killed. .11— Stuart, ('onteder.'il 
i.a.l.r, killed... 18-25— Battles of Spottsy ha i 
i;..!i,-e, Va., etc. ...June 1-6— Battle of Coid li, 

:i ml vicinity 5-30— Battles of Lest Mountai:. 

M.iinuain, and Little Kenesaw, Ga.— Gen c ■ 
kill.d 27. . 19— Naval battle- the Kearsa,L:e 
,\::.l.ama .. 15-18- As.saulton Petersburg, 'k a 
i'.it (if Lee's rtrniy invades Maryland, tbri. . 
iii.ii.' and W.-t-hing'ton, and retreats Jul v 12-1:. 
SauniclA Rice dies. .'20-22-28- Sherman's tin 
n. ,u .-Vtlanta, (.)a— "The March to the Si-a ' 
I..I. i-ales again invade Maryland and Penns\ !> 
burn chambersbnrg — Aug. 5— Contederute"llo 



,1-th dies 
n. Thos. 
cavalry 



utiou assouibles in Phihok-lphia. .7 
Matthias W Baldwin pioneer in American locomoti\es 
dies. ...Oct. 13— 'Prince' John Van Biiren, son ol Hon. 
Martin, dies. ...Dec. 13-Congress p.is.se.s liill giving ne- 
groes the right to vote in District ot Columbia — iu— 
Maj.-Gen Samuel R. Curtis dies. 
1,S67. 
.Ian, 9— Virginia reiects Fourteenth Amendmeii' . . . 10 
—Congress |ias.ses bill proviiling for " universal sia.rage 

in the territories 2.';— President Johnson vetoes bill t^' 

admit Colorado .. ,29— He vetoes bill to admit -Nebraska 

Feb. 6— Delaware and Louisiana re.ieci Constitutional 

Amendment :8— Nebra.ska admitted as ti State 

Warcli2— PresideiuJobiisnn vetoes Reconst; uction bill 
..25— Tenure ot otllce bill passed over President s\-eto--- 
23- President vetoes Siipiilenientary Reeonsiniction bill 
.. .'iO— Aiiiuameed at Washington that Russia cedes 
Alaska to (he United States April 9— Senate eonfirm.s 
Alaska, treaty . il— Site conveyed to Linteil State 



ernuieiit tor post-olhce in New Voik City. Mav 3— ■ 

Cuurt-|Eigl:t hour riots in Chicago 9— General strike of i 

1 .,r. V.a, .i-wei I .|. M.eri iliKUv.'bout the States... 13— Jeflervon Da- 
K. r.e.awJA;. ,,,: , ., ,| to fail ai Richmond, Va , June 3— Gen. 
, iin,.' 'vej ;; ; ■ . ^^ ;.ii.,.ms G'.ii. Welles ot Loui.siana and on 6 
., '.-.c ;,;'■ ;a. ; . , .. ;. r f land, is tiovernor . July 3— tongre-is 

:il' - •: . . I .• in ex: ao:ilinory session,. . .11— Recipiocity-. 

1 .. ' ' : ,1' • 1. ;•. ,in il:e I'liuid Slates Biid the Hawaiian 

• ■, ... u— I'l. i.'. Ill \eto.s Supplementary Recon ' 

.. ,: I lil '.1 i;-o' i.i KiinxMlle. Tenn New Vork, 

' I , :. .i;ii: ii'i .1 : e ii\. hiieii n'leels Woman- sufl rage ■ 

■ ;,i,, luea '.- ;;,ii .-.I'll iiiiiu leniovcs (i()\enior: 

loll .1 1. -\:is, . .'ii.... .1- s. creiary Stanton is- 



le, Ala.. destroyed byFarragut. ...6— Ueneral GriiUu[requesl6d by U'e President to lesiyn. but reiusuti 



102 



CMRONOLOar. 



Stanton suspended, and Gen. Orant appointed Secretary [President Grant issues a proclamation enjoiningneutral 

oi Wat €id interim 17— Gen. Sheridan relieved at New ity as to war between France and Prussia 23— Irish 

Orleans 19— National Labor Congress meets at ChicaJNational Congress convenes, Cincinnati Oct, i— 

go Sept. 8 — President issues amnesty proclamation ISecoiid Southern Commercial Convention, Cincinnati 

... 30— >fegro riots in Savannah, Ga Oct 3— Whiskey . ...12— Death of Gen. Robert E. Lee — 25— Convention in 

riot in Philadelphia Nov. 2— Gen. ShermanannounccsjCincinnati tor purpo.se of removing National Capital 

Indian war at an end 8 — Formal transfer of Alaskalfrom Washington to some point West. 

to Gen. Rosseau, at New Archangel 14 — Denmark con- 1871. 

eludes treaty, ceding and selling the islands of St. Thom- Jan. 1— Cabral, the Dominican Chief, denounces Pre.?i- 
as, San Juan and Santa Crun, to United States . . .22— dent Grant, and opposes sale and annexation of St. Do- 

Jefferson Davis returns to Richmond Dec. 7— Resolu- mingo to the United States 10-11— U. S. House and 

tioai of Judiciary Committee to impeach President John- Senate appoint committee to vi.<-it St. Domingo. .. 11— 

sou voted down in the House— 108 to 67. Hon. John Covode dies 29 — O'Donovan Rossa ana 

1868. other Fenian exiles arrive in New York 30 — House of 

Jan. 6— House of Representatives passes bill making Representatives pass resolution oT welcome to Irish ex- 
eight hours a day's work for Government laborers 13|iles Feb. 9— New Jersey recommends Philadelphia as 

—The Senate reinstates Stanton 14— Gen. Grant va-ithe place to hold Centennial celebration, 1876 — 18— Ca- 

eates War office in favor of Secretary Stanton Feb. 13;bral, in a letter to Vice-President Colfax, denounces the 



-Another attempt to impeach President Johnson 20- 

New Jersey Legislature witlidraws ratification of pro- 
posed Fourteenth Constitutional Amendment 21— 

Stanton again removed, and General Thomas appointed 
Secrtary of War ad interim. . . .22— Stanton adheres toe 

the office 24— House votes (126 to 27) to impeach th 

President 25— Gov. Ward of New Jersey vetoes reso 

lutiou of Legislature withdrawing ratification of Four- 
teai^h Amendment. . . March 2— House adopts impeauh- 

meirt articles 4— They are presented to the Senate — 

5— New Jersey Senate passes over Gov. Ward's veto as to 
amendment; lower House does the same, 25 — 6— Senate 

organizes a Court of Impeachment 7— President 

Johnson summoned to appear before it. . . 13 — Impeach- 
ment Court sits. .. "23— President's coun.sel answer im- 
peachment articles, and Courtadjourns'to 30. . . .26— Sen- 
ate ratifies North German treaty . .28— U. S. Grand Jury 
at Richmond, Va., finds new bill of indictment against 
Jefferson Davis. .. April 2— North German Parliament 
passes the Naturalization treaty with the United States. 
6— Michigan votes against negro suffrage — 24— Pres- 
ident nominates Gen. Schofleld to be Secretary of War 

May 21— Grant and Colfax nominated at Chicago — 

The Burlingame Chinese Embassy arrive at New York 

26— Impeachment Court declares the President not 

guilty. Secretary Stanton resigns. .. .30 — Senate con- 
firms Gen. Schofield as Stanton's successor — June 1— 
Ex-President James Buchanan dies 5 — Chinese Em- 
bassy received by President Johnson ...22— King of Bel- 
gium reviews United States squadron under Farragut 

off Ostend 24 — Senate passes eight hour law... 25— 

President vetoes "Omnibus bill... 20— President vetoes 
Electoral College bill. Secretary Seward announces 
ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment 24— Presi- 
dent orders Secretary of War to withdraw military 
lorces from Southern States represented in Congress. 
Senate ratifies treaty with China .. .25— Senate ratifies 

treaty with Mexico 27— Jefferson Davis and family 

sail from Quebec for England 30— Gen. Meade declares 

civil government restored in Florida, Georgia and Ala- 
bama... Aug. 11— Hon. Thadeus Stevens dies— Washing- 
ton, D. C 22— President declares Sitka a port of entrv 

26— Oregon withdraws ratification of Fourteentn 

Amendment Nov. 3 — Iowa and Minnesota vote in fa- 
vor of negro suffrage, and Missouri against it. 
1869. 

Jan. 1— Gen. Grant holds a public reception in Inde- 
pendence Hall, Philadelphia. . .Feb. 20— .Martial law de- 
clared in Tennessee 2'2-26 — Congress passes Fifteenth 

Amendment. Kansas is the first State (Feb. '27), to rati- 
fy it, though imperfectly, and Delaware the first to 
reject it. . .March 4— Gen. Grantinaugurated as President 

25— Pennsylvania ratifies ■ Fifteenth Amendment. . . . 

April 13— Senate rejects Alabama Treaty with Great 

Britain May 13— Woman-sufl'rage Convention in New 

York City 19— President Grant proclaims that there 

shall be no reduction in Government Laborer's wages 
because of reduction of hours. .. .June 18— Hon. Henry 

J. Raymond, N. Y. Times, dies July 13— Completion of 

Atlantic cable from Brest to St. Pierre ; thence to Dux- 
bury, Mass 30— Hon. Isaac Toucey dies Aug. 16— 

National Labor Convention, Philadelphia Sept. 1— 

National Temperance Convention, Chicago. .8— Hon. 

Wm. Pitt Fessenden dies 10— Hon. John Bell dies — 

16— Hon. John Minor Botts dies Oct. 8— Virginia rati- 
fies Fourteenth and Filteenth Amendments. . . Ex-Presi- 
dent Franklin Pierre dies Nov. 4— Geo. Peabody dies 

6— Admiral Charles Stuart dies 24— National 

Woman-suffrage Convention, Cleveland, O., and Henry 

Ward Beecher chosen President Dec. 10— National 

Colored Labor Convention, Washington. . . .2i— Hon. Ed- 
win M. Stanton dies. 

1870, 

Jan. 26— Virginia readmitted into the Union — Feb. 9 
— U. S. Signal Bureau established by Act of Congress — 
17— .Mississippi re-admitted into the Union — 23— Hon 
Anson Burlingame dies March2S— Mai -Gen. George H 



union of Dominica and Hayti. 
most destroyed by a tornado . . . 
Joint High Commission arrive^ln New York. . 



19— Helena, Ark., al- 
British members of 
Joint High Comniission arrive In New York "27- Com- 
mission beginsitssessionsin Washington, D. C — March 

3— Riots in Pennsylvania coal mines 5 — Chinamen's 

riot in San Francisco Cal 27— Senator Sumner denoun- 
ces Santo Domingo scheme.. . 30— Colored parade in New 

York in honor of Fifteenth Amendment April 7— Coal 

riotsin Scranton, Pa 10— Celebration in New York of 

(ierman Unity and end of war between Prussia and 
France Mav 1— U. S. Supreme Court sustains consti- 
tutionality of Legal-tender act .. .3— President Grant is- 
sues proclamation for suppression of Ku-Klux-Klan — 6 
—Joint High Commission concludes Washington Treaty 

15-16— German |ioace celebration in Philadelphia 

24— Treaty of Washington ratified by Senate. . . 29— Natu- 
ralization Treaty between Austria and United States 
ratified by the Reichsrath.. .30— Dec oration Dav — 
June 1— American naval force, making a survey of the 
coast of Corea, Asia, fired on Irom masked batteries. 2 
—Minister Low demands an apology, and is answered 
that "the Corean civilization of 4.000 years brooks no 
interference from outside barbarians." 10,11— U. S. 
naval forces land on the island of Kang Noe. Corea, and 
destroy a fort and the Citadel .17— Hon. Clement L. 
Vallandingham dies. . .28— President Grant appoiiftsCivil- 
service-reform Ciommission — July 3— Naval forces, hav- 
ing attained their object, retire Irom coast ol Corea — 
4 — President Grant proclaims complete ratification of 

Treaty of Washington 12— Orange parade and riot in 

New York 19— Massachusetts' Centennial Committee 

arrive in Philadelphia Sept. 24— Chief Justice McKeon 

of Utah decides against Mormons serving as grand jur- 
orsin Federal courts Oct. 2— Postal money -order ar- 
rangement between United States and Gieat Britain 

goesinto effect Brigham Young arrested for Mormon 

proclivities 7— Firstgreat fire in Chicago breaks out 

. . .8-9— Second and greatest fire in Chicago. . .10— Election 
riot in Philadelphia between white roughs and negroes, 
and attempts to destroy the ofllce ot Ihe Prejm — 26— 
Gen. Robert Anderson dies, Nice, France; Hon. Thomas 

Ewing, Lancastar, O 27— Arrest of William M. Tweed, 

New York City....Dec 17— Internationalist funeral pro- 
cession in New Y'ork City. 

1872. 
Jan. 10— National Woman-suffrage Convention, Wash- 
ington Feb. 28— Congress sets apart Yellowstone Val- 
ley as a national park. .. .April 2— Prof. S. K. B. Morse 
dies— New York City 16— Prof Morse memorial servi- 
ces in various cities and also in Hall of United States 
House of Representatives — May 10— Woman-suffrage 
Convention in New York nominates Mrs. Woodhull for 
President and Frederick Douglass for Vice-President — 
22- Congress passes Amnesty bill. . . .June 1— James Gor- 
don Bennett, N. Y. Herahl, d"ies. . . .5-6— <ien. Grant nomi- 
nated for President at Philadelphia, and Henry Wil.son 

for Vice-President 15— Board of Arbitration, under 

Treaty of Washington, meet at Geneva, Switzerland 

17— Monster Peace Jubilee, Boston — July 9— Democratic 
Convention at Baltimore nominates Horace Greeley for 

President Nov. 6— Grant re-elected President — 9— 

Great fire in Boston, Mass 29— Death of Hon. Horace 

Greeley. 

1873. 
Jan. 6— McEnery inaugnrated Governor of Louisiana; 

also, Kellogg Jan. 20— Sanguinary deleat of United 

States troops by the Modocs. .. 27— Congress abolishes 
the franking privilege.. . .Feb. 26— Alexander H Steph- 
ens elected to Congress from Eighth District of Georgia 
March 4— Second inaugurationof U. S. Grant as Pres- 
ident .. April 11— General CanbyandDr. Thomas mur- 
dered by Capt. Jack aud the Modocs. .26— United States 
troops surprised and slaughtered by the Modocs in the 
lavabeds. ..Maya— Hon. JamesL. Orr, United States 
Minister to Rus.<ia dies— St. Petersburg. . .7— Chief Jus- 
tice Salmon P. Chase dies .. .June 1— Capture ol Captain 

. ^., ,^..^-,.,^. „ .Jack aud the last of the Modocs. . .10— The American 

Thomas dies.. 29— Texas re-admitted to representation iDepartment in the Vienna Expo.sitioii formally 0PB"ed 
in Congres.^- , thus completing the work of reconstruction! . . . 27— Completion of the new Allaiitic cable. . . July M 
...30— Piesident Grant announces the adoption of the i— Capt. Buddington and party rescued In the Arlic sea 

Fifteenth Amendment Julv 12— Admiral John A. by the whaler Ravenscraig. .,. 2.')-^Great fire m Ballimqie 

Dahlgren die.s ...Aug. 14— Admiral David G. Farragut Md '26— Destructive fire in ^orlolk, Va Aug, 

ditts. , . ,15— National Lftbor Cuui,'r«»», cjuciuuftli, . , ,33— jUjsut flrg iu PorUaud, Oregon " 



2— 
9— Disastrous Cuufl» 



CHRONOLOGY. 



103 



cration in Pdrtland. Me Sept. 18— Suspengion of .lay 

Cooke & Co., and beginniue of a financial panic 30 — 

Grand Masonic parade in Philadelphia Oct. 3 — Capt. 

Jack and three accomplices hanged. First session of 
Evangelical Alliance, N. Y. City. . . .31— Spanish gunboat 
Tornado seizes American steamer Virginius on the high 
seas.. .4 — (Jen.Burriel of .Santiago de Cuba shoots Gen. Ry- 
an and others. . .7— He butchers Capt. Fry of the Virginius 

and his crew 28— A protocol, arranging the differences 

between the United States and Spain, agreed upon 

Dec. 24— Death of Prof Louis Agassiz. . . .16 — (Celebration 
in Boston of the centennial of the " tea-party " in the 
harbor of that citj . . .Spain formally surrenders the 

Virginius to the United States 26 — The Virginius, in 

tow of United States steamer Osslpee, sinks on Frying- 
pan Shoals, 

1874. 

Jan. 8— Repeal of the Salary Act, save with respect to 

President (Jrant. . .9— Board of Centennial Supervisors 

PfiUadelphia, adopt plans and specifications for pernia 

nent exhibition building. .. .21— President Grant signs 

new salary bill Feb 24 — Women's n-.ovement against 

liquor selling begins in Ohio and spreads to other States. 

26— Defeat in the Hou.se of the bill reviving the Irank- 

ing privilege... April 3— A cremation society formed in 
New York 14— Congress passes the tnfiatation or cur- 
rency bill March 8— Death of exPresident Millard 

Fillmore 11— Death of Hon. Charles .Sumner .. .22— 

President Grant vetoes inflation ..May 13— The Brooks 
forces surrcndei In Arkansas, and quiet is restored — 23 

—Senate passes Supplementary Civil-rights bill 26— 

Senate passes bill inviting foreign nations to take partin 

the Centennial at Philadelphia June 8— U S. Steamer 

Svvatara, with party of scientists, sailed Irou^ New York 

to observe transit of Venus 10— Senate passes Moiety 

bill., ..13— House defeats Compromise Currency bill 

17-18— Government of District of Coiumbia abolished ... 
20— President Grant signs the Compromise Currency bill 
July 4— Formal opening of the greatbridge over the" Mis- 
sissippi River, atSt. Louis. Ground broken atFairmonnt 
Park, Philadelphia, for Centennial buildings . .7— Henry 
Ward Beecher demands an investigation of the charges 

against hira 14 — Great fire in Chicago Aug. 28— H. 

W. Beecher acquitted by the investigating committee of 

I 



Plymouth Church Sept 14— Overthrow of the Kellogg 

government at New Orleans 17— Th« McEnery gov- 
ernment, in obedience to a proclamation from President 
Grant, surrenders to the United States Army 19— Kel- 
logg government reinstated 26 — Victory of the Ameri- 
can Rifle-team in the internationalniatch atCreedmoor. 

L.I Oct. 16-National monument to Abraham Lincoln 

dedicated at Springfield, 111. 
1875. 
Jan. 8— Beginning of the civil suit of Theodore Tilton 

VK. Henry Ward Beecher 7— Hou.seof Repre.sentatives 

passes Sherman's Specie-resumption bill.. .14— President 

Grantsignsit Feb. 8— President Grant denounces the 

Garland government in Arkansas, and recognize? 

Brooks as Governor 18 — He issues a proclamation con 

vening the Senate iu extraordinary .session March 6 

March 1— President Grantjapproves the Civil-rights bill 
2— Franking privilege .partially restored 12— an- 
nouncement from Rome that Archbishop Mc(;ioskey of 
New York, had been created a Cardinal 24— Extraor- 
dinary .session of Senate terminates. President Grant 
orders all available cavalry into the Black Hills coun 

try, to remove trespassers, etc April 18— Centennial 

of the Battles of Concord and Lexington. Mass., cele- 
brated in those places... 24— Spain pays$45,ttX) of the 

$80,000 agreed upon as the Virginias indemnity 27— 

Cardinal McCloskey receives the beretta May 11— 

First international Sunday-.school Convention assembles 
in Baltimore, Md — 17— Ex-Vice-president John C. Breck- 

enridge dies June 17— Celebration at Boston of 

the Bunker Hill Centennial. . .William M. Tweed released 
from Blackwell's Island, rearrested, and consigned to 
Ludlow-street jail on a civil suit. .. .29— The American 
Team win the international rifie-match at Dollyniount, 
Ireland — July 2— Jury in Tilton-Beecher case fail to 

agree 9— Gen. Francis P, Blair dies 27— Duncan, 

Sherman & Co., N. Y. Bankers, suspend, and the failure 
is followed by others. . . .31— Ex-1'resident Andrew John- 
son dies Nov. 22— Vice-President Henry Wilson dies 

Dec. 7— President Grant, in his annual message. 

recommends free and non-sectarian schools, .separation 
of i'hurch from State, taxation of church property, and 
a sound currency — 8— Congress is memorialized to ap- 
propriate $1,500,000 for the Centennial Exhibition. 




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F0BEJ6N NATIONS. 



FOREIGN NATIONS. 



PEESENT RULEKS, POPULATION, SQUARE MILES, ETC. 



States, ir. 



Abyssinia 

Afghanistan 

Ajs'am, (Cocliin China; 
Arabia, (JJu^cat) . - - . 
Argkntine Republic. 

AUSTRO-HnNGARV 

Baden 

Barbaey States 

Bavaria 

Belgium 

Beloochistan 

Bolivia 

Borneo 

Brazil 

BURMAH 

Cambodia 

China 

Chili 

Colombia 

COREA 

Costa Rica 

Dahomey 

Denmark 

Ecuador 

Egypt 

France 

Germany 

G. Britain* Ireland. 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Hesse 

Haiti 

Honduras 

Italy 

Japan 

Liberia 

Madagascar 

Mecklen'g Schwerin- 
Mecklenb'g Sthelitz 

Mexico 

Morocco 

Netherlands 

Nicaragua. . 

Oldenburg 

Orange Free States.. 

Paraguay 

Persia 

Peru 

Portugal 

rou.mania 

Russia 

Saxe-Coburg AGoTHA I 

Saxe-Meiningen 

Saxe-Weimab 

Saxony 

Sandwich Islands 

San Domingo | 

San Salvador i 

Seetia 

SlAM I 

Spain 

Sweden and Norway 

Switzerland 

Turkey I 

United States I 

Uruguay 

Venezuela I 

wcrtehburg | 

Zanzibar ' 



Magdala 

Cabool 

Hue 

Mii.'scat 

Buenos Ayres, 

Vienna 

< arlsruUe 

Tripoli 

Munich 

Brussel.s 

Kelat 

Oruio 

Borneo 

Rio de Janeiro 

Mandalay 

I'anompin 

Pekin 

Santiago 

Bogota 

Kingkitao 

S.m Jose. ..... 

Abomey 

Copenhagen . . 

Quito 

Caijn 

I Pans 

[Berlin 

I London 

lArtihens 

I Guatemala 

i Darmstadt 

P't-au Prince. 

Comayagua... 

Rome 

Tokio 

Moi^rovia 

Tananarivo... 

Schwerin 

Strelitz 

Mexico 

Morocco 

Amsterdam... 

Managua 

Oldenburg 

Blomfoutein. . 

-Asuncion 

Teheran 

Lima. 

Lisbon 

Buchare.st ... 
St. Petersburg 
(J^otha &C'b'rg 

Meiningea 

Weimar 

Dresden 

Honolulu 

San Domingo. 
San Salvador 

Belgrade 

Bangkok 

Madrid 

Stockholm 

Berne 

Constantinopl 
Washington. 
Monte Video. . 

Caracas . 

Stuttgart 

Zanzibar 



Rulers, &c. 



Tekla Johannes l.l King 

Shere Ali Shah 

TuDuc I King 

Seyd bin Said i Imaum 

Dr. N. Avellaneda| President. 
Francis Joseph I. . i Jmperor . . 

Frederickl I Grand Duke 

SamiliPasha [Pasha.. .. 

Louis II King 

Leopold II King 

Mir Nasa Khan.. .iKhan 

Dr. T. Frias President , 

Abdul Mumein. . . [ Sultan 

Dom Pedro II i Emperor. . 

Mounglon 'King 

OngS'detchN'd'm King 

TsaeTien | Emperor. 

Fred Errazuriz.. . . . I'resident. 
Santiago I'erez. . I President . 

Zung-Che King 

Don T. Guardia. . i President. 

Adahoonzon II.. I King 

Christian IX ( King 

Don Xavier Leon . I President . 

Lsmail I Khedive... 

<Je.n. MacMahon. .IPresident. 

WiliiH.^ ' . { Emperor. . 

Victoria I ^"een 

George I | Ritij,. . 

Ruflno Barrios President . 

Louis III I Grand Duke 

M. Doniingue President . . . 

Don P. Leiva I President .. . 

Victor Kniamieilll King 

Mutsu Hito I Mikado 

James S. Payne . . I President . . . 

RanavoloII I Queen 

Fred'k Francis II. I Grand Duke 
Fred'kWilliam II. Grand Duke 
Lerdo de Tejada. . President . . . 

Muley Hassan i Sultan 

William III King 

Don V. Cuadra... President... 

Peter I Grand Duke 

J. H. Brand President. .. 

J. Baptista Gill. , . I President . . . 

Nassar-ed-Din I Shah 

Manuel Pardo President... 

Dom Luis I King 

Karl I Domnu 

Alexander II Emperor 

Ernst II [Duke 

George II j Duke 

CharlesAlexanderi Grand Duke 

Albert I [King 

David Kalakaua. . King 

Ignacio Gonzales. 1 President . 
SaiitiagoGonzaleZ] President 
MilanObrenovicIV Hospodar . 
PhrabatSomdetjalFirst King. 

Alft.usoXII- King 

Oscar II I King 

M. Srherer. .. . i President. . 

Murad Elleiidi . . Sultan 

n\si^<sS. Grant .'J^-esident 
Don Pedro Varel 
A. G. Blanco. . . . 
Charle 



Poplt'n. SqMiles Religion. 



23,000,000: 

7,000,0(K)' 
10.000,000; 

2,500,000; 

736,922 

35,904,435 

1,461,562 
13,200,000 

4,863.450 

5,253,821 

2.000,000 

1,742,;«2 
23,200.0001 
10,196,3281 3,275,326 

6,400,000] 150,000 

1,020,000 33,524 
425,213,152' 3,924,627 

2.138,945' 126 237 

2,916.703 



175,000 
500,000 
(W0,000 
176,000 
515,700 
227,234 
5.851 
820.000 
29,347 
11,.372 
160,000 
473,300 
260,500 



President.. 
I President . . 
I King. 



Seved B. Ben Said.! Sultan. 



455,673 
90,300 
26,040 



14,553 

218.984 



8,000,000 
191,000 
300.000 

1,784,741 

1,300,000 
V),952,000i 1,406,250 
36,102,9201 201,900 
41,060,6951 
31,483,700] 

1,4.57,894 

'.,-180,000 



572,0001 

250,000l 

26,796,263 

32,794,897 

720,0001 

3,500.0001 

557,897 

96,982| 

9,343,470 

2.750,000 

3.674.402 

;iaO,000 

316.714 

35,000 

221,079 

4.400,000 

2,500,000 

4,363,436 

3.864,848' 

82.172.022, 

i74,;«9 

187,957 

286,183 

2„556,244 

62,000 

136,500 

4:(4;.'i20; 

I,l)!tS,-.8l! 

ll..SOO,00O' 

16.83.1,506 

6,103.872: 

2.669,147 

27,1.50,000, 1,812,048 

38..558,371' 3.603.84< 

4.50.0001 ra.-ws 

l,784,l!>4 3C>8.2;« 

1,818,539 7.67.'> 

180,00(1, 1,450 



212.091 
121,115 
19,941 

41.830 
2,866 

39,600 

112,677 

156,004 

60,000 

226,500 

4,834 

997 

743,948 

219,000 

2l»,52 

49.500 

2,41 

70,000 

57,303 

648,000 

502,700 

37,793 

45,642 

8,404,767 

816 

93;i 

1,421 

6,777 

6,500 

18,045 

9,.594 

12,600 

250,000 

182.758 

288,771 

15,2;« 



Coptic. 

Moha'med'n. 

Buddhi.-^r. 

Moha'med'n. 

R. Ca'holic. 

R. Catholic 

R.C & I'rot. 

Moh.inidan. 

R. CatlK.lic. 

R. Catholic. 

Moham'. an. 

R. Catholic, 

Pagan. 

R. Catholic. 

BuddhLst. 

Buddhist. 

Bud.A Pagan 

R. t'atholic. 

R. Catholic. 

ConfucABud 

R. Catholic. 

Pagan. 

Lutheran. 

R. Catholic. 

Mohamdan. 

R. Catholic. 

Protestant. 

Protestant. 

GreekChr'cb 

R. Catholic. 

Lutheran 

R. Catholic. 
S. -Cstholic. 

R. Cat^^.,'.■^. 

I'r.ddhic. 

Protestant. 

Christian. 

Lutheran. 

Lutheran. 

R. Catholic. 

Moham'dan. 

Protestant, 

R. Catholic. 

Lutheran. 

Prote.stant. 

R. Catholic. 

Moham'dan. 

R. Catholic. 

R. Catholic. 

GreekCh'rch 

(ireekChr'ch 

Lutlu-ran. 

Lutheran. 

Lutheran. 

Luth. & R.C. 

Protestant. 

R. Catholic. 

K. Catliolic. 

GreekCh'rch 

Buddhist. 

R. Catholic. 

Lutheran, 

Prot. A R. 0. 

Moham'dan. 

Christian. 

R. Catholic. 

R. Catholic. 

Lutheran. 

.Moham'dan. 



lOu CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more 
perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide 
for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the 
blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and 
estabHsh this Constitution of the United States of America : 

ARTICLE I.-Congress. 

Section L — Legislative Powers. 
1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Con- 
gresfe of the United States, which shaU consist of a Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

Section II.— Souse of Representatives. 

1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members 

chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the 

electors in each State shaU have the qualifications requisite for 

electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 

Qucdifications of Members.— Apportionment. 

2. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained 
to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the 
United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of 
that State in which he shall be chosen. 

3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apiiortioned among 
the several States which may be included within this Union, accord- 
ing to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding 
to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to ser- 
vice for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths 
of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within 
three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United 
States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such man- 
ner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives 
shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall 
have at least one Representative ; and until such enumeration shall 
be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose 
three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 
one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania 
eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten. North Carohna five. 
South Carolina five, and Georgia three. 

4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, 
the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies. 



OOifSTlTtJTJON OF THE UNITED STATES. -'•'■ ' 

5. The House of Kepresentatives shall choose their Speaker and 
other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Section III. — Senate. 

1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Sena- 
tors from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years ; 
and each Senator shall have one vote. 

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the 
first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three 
classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated 
at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expi- 
ration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of 
the sixth year ; so that one third may be chosen every second year ; 
and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the 
recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may 
make temporary appointments, until the next meeting of the Legis- 
lature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 

3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the 
age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that 
State for which he shall be chosen. 

4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of 
the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 

5. The Senate shall choose their other oificers, and also a President 
pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall 
exercise the office of President of the United States. 

6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments ; 
when sitting for that purpose, they shaU be on oath, or affirmation. 
When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice 
shall preside, and no person shall be convicted without the concur- 
rence of two-thirds of the members present. 

7. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend farther 
than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy 
any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States ; but the 
party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, 
trial, judgment and punishment, according to law. 

Section IW.— Election of Members. 

1. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators 
and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legis- 
lature thereof, but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
snch regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 

2. The Congress shall assemble at leasjb once in every year, and 
such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they 
shall by law appoint a different day. 



1- 'y CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Section V. — Powers of each House. 

1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and 
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall con- 
stitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn 
from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of 
absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as each 
Hoiise may provide. 

2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish 
its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two- 
thirds, expel a member. 

3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from 
time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their 
judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of 
either House on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those 
present, be entered on the journal. 

4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without 
the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to 
any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. 

Section YL.— Compensation, Privileges, Etc. 

1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation 
for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treas- 
ury of the United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, 
felony and breach of peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to 
and returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either 
House, they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which 
he was elected, be appointed to any civil ojffice under the authority 
wf the United States, which shall have been created, or the emolu- 
ments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no 
person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member 
of either House during his continuance in office. . 

Section Vn . — Bills and Resolutions, Etc. 

1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
Representatives ; but the Senate may propose, or concur with amend- 
ments, as on other bills. 

2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives 
and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the 
President of the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it, but if 
not he shall retui-n it, with his objections, to that House in which it 
sljall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on tb.eir 
j< urnal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, 
two-thirds of that House shall agree i-ass the bill, it shall be sent. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 109 

together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall, 
likewise, be reconsidered ; and if approved by two-thirds of that 
House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both 
Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the 
persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the jour- 
nal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall 
have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner 
as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment pre- 
vent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

3. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
question of adjournment,) shall be presented to the President of the 
United States ; and before the same shall take effect shall be 
approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by 
two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to 
the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Section VIII. — Powers of Congress. 

1. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, 
imposts and excises to pay the debts and provide for the common 
defense and general welfare of the United States ; but all duties, im- 
posts and excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States. 

2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States. 

3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the sev- 
eral States, and with the Indian tribes. 

4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws 
on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States. 

5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, 
and fix the standard of weights and measures. 

6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities 
and current coin of the United States. 

7. To establish post-offices and post roads. 

8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securifig 
for limited times to authors nvA inventors the exclusive right to their 
respective writings and discoveries. 

9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. 

10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the 
high seas, and offences against the law of nations. 

11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make 
rules concerning captures on land and water. 

12. To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to 
that use shall be for a longer tfDn than two years. 

13. To provide and mainta;.. :i navy. 



.10 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land 
and naval forces. 

15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of 
the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions. 

16. To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, 
and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the ser- 
vice of the United States, reserving to the States, respectively, the 
appointment of the officers and the authority of training the militia 
according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. 

17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in aU cases whatsoever, over 
such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of 
particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of 
the Government of the United States, and to exercise hke authority 
over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the 
State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, 
arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings ; and, 

18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for car- 
rying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested 
by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in 
any department thereof. 

Section IX. — Prohibitions and Prirnleges. 

1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohib- 
ited by the Congress prior to the year 1808, but a tax or duty may be 
imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars on each 
person. 

2. The privilege of the vmt of Habeas Corpus shall not be sus- 
pended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the pubhc safety 
may require it. 

3. No bill of attainder or ex-postfacto law shall be passed. 

4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in propor- 
tion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 

5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any 
State. 

6. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or 
revenue to the ports of one State over those of another ; nor shall 
vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay 
duties in another. 

7. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in consequence 
of appropriation made by law ; and a regular statement and account 
of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be pub- 
lished from time to time. 

8. No title of nobUity shall be granted by the United States ; and 
no person holding any office of profit -- trust under them, shall, with- 

15 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. m 

out the consent Of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, 
state ' ""' ^""^ ^^ whatever, from aoiy king, prince, or foregin 

; Section X.— State Bestridims. 

1. No State shaU enter into any treaty, alliance, or-confederation ; 
grant letters of marque and reprisal, coin money, emit biUs of credit 
make anything but gold and silver coin a-tender in payment of debts' 
pass any bill of attainder, ex-post facto law, or law impairing the 
obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 

2. No State shaU, without the consent of the Congress, lay any im- 
posts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely 
necessary for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of 
all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall 
be for the use of the Treasury of the United States ; and aU such 
laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. 

3. No State shaU, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on 
tonage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any 
agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or 
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger 
as will not admit of delay. 

ARTICLE n.-President. 

1. The executive power shaU be vested m a President of the United 
States of America. He shaU hold his office during the term of four 
years, and together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same 
term, be elected as follows : 

2. Each State shall appoint, m such manner as the Legislature 
thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number 
of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled 
in the Congress ; but no Senator or Representative, or person hold- 
ing an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be ap- 
pointed an Elector. 

3. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by 
ballot for two persons, of whom one, at least, shall not be an inhabi- 
tant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a Hst 
of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; 
which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat 
of the Government of the United States, directed to the President 
of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of 
ihe Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, 
fl,nd the votes shall then be counted. The person having the great- 
mt number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a 
majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if there be 
more thajj one who have such majority, and have an equal number of 



112 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose 
by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a major- 
ity, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like 
manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the 
votes shall be. taken by States, the representation from each State 
having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a mem- 
ber or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all 
the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the 
choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of 
votes of the electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should 
remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose 
from them by ballot the Vice-President.] 

[This clause altogether altered and supplied by the XII Amendment.^ 

4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, 
and the day on which they shaU give their votes, which day shall be 
the same throughout the United States. 

5. No person, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the 
United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall 
be ehgible to the office of President ; neither shall any person be 
eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty- 
five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United 
States. 

6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his 
death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties 
of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and 
the Congres may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resig- 
nation, or inability both of the President and Vice-President, declar- 
ing what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act 
accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be 
elected. 

7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a 
compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished dur- 
ing the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not 
receive within that period any other emolument from the United 
States or any of them. 

8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the 
following oath or affirmation : 

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my 
ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United 

States." 

Section n. — Potcers of the President. 

1. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and 
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, 



CONSTITUTION OF TEE UNITED STATES. ll.'J 

when called into the actual service of the United States ; he may 
require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the 
executive departments upon any subject relating to the duties of 
their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves 
and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases 
of impeachment. 

2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present 
concur ; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and con- 
sent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers 
aud consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of 
the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise pro- 
vided for, and which shall be established by law ; but the Congress 
may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they 
think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the 
heads of departments. 

3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions 
which shall expire at the end of their next session. 

Section in..—Duties of the President. 
1. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information oi 
the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such 
measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on 
extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, 
and, in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the tinie 
of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think 
proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; 
he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall com- 
mission all the officers of the United States. 

Section IV. — Impeachment of Officers. 

1. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United 
States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and convic- 
tion of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE Ill.-Judiciary. 

Section I. — Courts — Judges. 

1. The Judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one 
Supreme Court, and in such inferior Coui'ts as the Congress may from 
time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme 
and inferior Courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and 
shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which 
shall not be diminished during their continuance in offiee. 



• J: CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATUS. "^ 

Secoton n. — Jvdicial Powers — Civil, — OriminoA, 

1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity, 
;:*ising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and 
treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority ; to all 
cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to 
all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to 
which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between 
two or more States — ^between a State and the citizens of another 
State — between citizens of different States — between citizens of the 
same State claiming lands under grants of different States — and* 
between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens 
or subjects. 

2. In aU cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and 
ijonsuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme 
Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before 
mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both 
as to the law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regula- 
tions as the Congress shall make. 

3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be 
hy jury ; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said 
crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed withiu 
any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Oongresa 
may by law have directed. 

Section IIL— 7'?-eason. 

1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying 
war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid 
and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the 
testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in 
open court. 

2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of 
treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, 
or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attained. 

ARTICLE IV.— State Rights. 

Section I. — Restitution and Pnvileges. 

1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public 

acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And 

the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such 

acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

Section IL — Privilege of CUizens. 

1. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and 
immunities of citizens in the several States. 

2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other 
crime, who shaJl flee from justice, and be found in another State, shaU 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 115 

on demand of the Executive authority of the State from which he 
fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction 
of the crime. 

3. No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws 
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or 
regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but 
shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or 
labor may be due. 

Section HX — New States. 

1. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; 
but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction 
of any other State ; nor any State be formed by the junction of two 
or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legisla- 
tures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all need- 
ful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property 
belonging to the United States, and nothing in this Constitutioa 
shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the Vnited States, 
or of any particular State. 

Section IV. — State Governments — Republican. 

1. The United States shall guarantee to every State in thin Union 
a republican form of Government, and shall protect each of them 
against invasion ; and on application of the Legislatui-e, or of the 
Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domes- 
tic violence. 

ARTICLE v.— Amendments. 

1. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem 
it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on 
the appHcation of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, 
shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either 
case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Consti- 
tution when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the sev- 
eral States, or by conventions iu three-fourths thereof, a ;the one or 
the other mode of ratification may be proposed by th^ Congress ; 
provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year 
1808 shall in any manner afiect the first and fourth clauses in the 
ninth section of the first article ; and that no State, without its con- 
sent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate, 

ARTICLE VI.-Debts. 

1. AU debts contracted, and engagements entered in'<;o. before the 
adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid agains-t the United 
States under this Constitution, as under the confederation. 

2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall 
be made in pursuance thereof ; and all treaties made, o> which shall 



CONSTITJTTIOK OF THE UNITED STATES. 

be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the 
supreme law of the land ; and the judges in every State shall be 
bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to 
the contrary notwithstanding. 

3. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the 
members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and ju- 
dicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, 
shall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution ; 
but no rehgious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any 
office or public trust under the United States. 

ARTICLE VII.-Ratij(ication. 
1. The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be suffi- 
cient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States 
so ratifying the same. 

Done in Convention^ by the unanimous consent of the States 
present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our 
Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of 
the Independence of the United States of America, the 
Twelfth. 
In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. 

GEOilGE WASHINGTON, 
Attest : Fresident. and Depaiy front Virginia. 

Wm. Jackson, Secretary. 

AMENDMENTS. 
Articles in addition to, and amendment of the Constitution of the 
United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by 
the Legislatures of the several States,, pursuant to the Fifth ar- 
ticle of the original Coustituticn. 

Akticle i. 
Congress shaii make no law respecting au establishment of religion, 
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof | or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of the press ; or liie right ol the people peaceably to as- 
semble, and to petition the Govarnmeat for a redress of grievances. 

Ar.TiciiE U, 
A well regulated militia being iieeessar^ to the security of a free 
State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be in- 
fringed. 

AFvTICLK IXL 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without 
the consent of the owner, nor in timt ■:>. vvai but in a manner to be 
prescribed by law. 

Aeticle i. i. 

The right of the people to be secnr • ' !ioir persons, houses, papers 



CONSTITUTION OF TSE UNITED STATES. ' 117 

and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be 
violated ; and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, sup- 
ported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place 
to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. 

AkTICLE V|; 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infa- 
mous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, 
except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia 
when in actual service, in time -of war or public danger ; nor shall 
any person be subject, for the same offense, to be twice put in jeopardy 
of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a 
witness against- himself ; nor be deprived of life, liberty or property, 
without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for 
public use without just compensation. 

Abticle VL 
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
been previously ascertained by law ; and to be informed of the na- 
ture and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses 
against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in 
his favor ; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 

Aeticle VJLL 
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no 
fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of 
the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. 

Abticle Vm. 
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
Qor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

Ab,ticle IX. 
The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

Abticle X. 
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to me States respect- 
ively, or to the people. 

Abticle XL 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against 
one of the United States, by citizens of another State, or by citizens 
or subjects of any foreign State. 



118 OONSTITVTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Article XII. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by bal- 
lot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not 
be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; they shall name 
in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct bal- 
lots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make dis- 
tinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons 
voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, 
which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the 
seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the Presi- 
dent of the Senate ; the President of the Senate shall, in presence 
of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, 
and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest 
number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number 
be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no 
person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest 
numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as Presi- 
dent, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by bal- 
lot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; 
a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from 
two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be 
necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall 
not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve 
upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the 
Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death or other 
constitutional disability of the President. 

The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President 
shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the 
whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 
ity, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall 
choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of 
two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the 
whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 

But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President, 
shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. 

[An article intended as a thirteenth amendment to the Constitu- 
tion was proposed at the Second Session of the Eleventh Congress, 
but was not ratified by a sufficient number of States to become valid 
as a part of the Constitution. It is erroneously given in an edition oi 
the Laws of the United States,published by Bioren and Duane in 1815. ] 

[Note.— The eleventh article of the amendjnents to the Constitu- 
tion was proposed at the Second Session of the Third Congress; the 
twelfth article, at the First Session of the Eighth Congress ; and the 
thirteenth article at the Second Session of the Eleventh Congress. . 

16 ^ 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 119 

Abticle XIII. 

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment 
for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall ex- 
ist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
diction. 

Abticle XTV. 

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United- States, 
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United 
States, and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make 
or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities 
of citizens of the United States ; nor shall any State deprive any per- 
son of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny 
to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the 
laws. 

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several 
States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole 
number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But 
when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for 
President and Vice-President of the United States, representatives 
in Congress, the executive and judicial oiBficers of a State, or the 
members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male in- 
habitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens 
of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation 
in rebeUion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall 
be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens 
shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of 
age in such State. 

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Con- 
gress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, 
civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, 
having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an 
officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, 
or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Con- 
stitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or 
rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies 
thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, 
remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, au- 
thorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and 
bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebeUion, shall 
not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall 
assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection 
or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or 



120 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



emancipation of any slave ; but all such debts, obligations and 
claims shall be held illegal and void. 

Sec. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate 
legislation, the provisions of this article. 

Abticle XV, 
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall 
not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on 
account of race or color, or previous condition of servitude. 

Sec. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by 
appropriate legislation. 




OOKTENTS. 



Title 1 

Publisher's Preface ,^, q 

The General Government:- President — Vice-President — State Department 3 

Diplomatic Officers _,, 4 

Foreign Legations in the United States 6 

Treasury Department , g 

"War Department 7 

Navy Department 8 

Department of the Interior 9 

Post-Oificc Department 9 

Department of Justice 9 

The Judiciary 10 

Department of Agriculture— Government Printing Office— Department of Education. 11 

Legislative Lraiich of the Government — Congressional Districts 12 

Valuation of Property, etc., in the United States 13 

Presidents under the Federal Constitution— Vice-Presidents — Chief-Justices of the 

Supreme Court.— Associate Justices of the Supreme Court 11 

Apportionment of Kepresentatives 15 

The Public Debt of the United States 16 

Keduction of the Xational Debt from March, 1 869, to March, 1876 17 

Debt of each Administration 17 

United States Loans 18 

Immigration 21 

The Labor Question 23 

The Centennial, 1876 ■ 33 

Internal Revenue 38 

Stamp Duties , 40 

The New Finance Bill ; 42 

Tariffofthe United States 43 

The" Little Tariif" Law 62 

Gold and Silver Coins 67 

Agricultural; — Produce, Kumber of Acres, and Value of Crops tn each State, in 1870 68 

Estimated Quantities, Number of Acres, and aggregate value of the Principal Crops 

of the Farm , in 1870 69 

Average Yield of Farm Produce, per Acre, in 1870 '. 70 

Average Cash Vahio of Fai-m Produce, per Acre, in 1870 72 

Estimated Total Number, and Estimated Total Value of each kind of Live Stock, and 

the average price, in January, 1873 72 

4lae Census -.—Census of the United States, taken in 1870 75 

Population of all the Cities of the United States 76 

Order of the States in point of Population at several periods 78 

Order of Territories 78 

Populatiou'of States by Eaces — Comparative Increase of Population 79 

Area of the United States 79 

The States of the Union 80 

Bates of Postage, Foreign and Domestic 81 

Postal Arrangement for Newspapers 83 

Homestead for Soldiers 85 

The New NaturalizatSon Law ; 86 

Territx)rial Governments 89 

Differences of Time ^9 

The Cities ot the World 90 

Thelndi-.-idiial States of the Union.. : 92 

Eclncationai Statistics ^3 

Religious Stati-stics of the United States in 1875 96 

Chronology for luO j-ears ■ ^^ 

Silk Statistics ol the United States W'' 

Foreign Governments - ^"^ 

Constitution of the U. S lOf 



JOSEPH GILLOTT'S 



THE WELL-KNOWN 
ORKJINAL AND POPULAR NUMBERS, 

303,404,170,361,332 

With his other Styles, 

Can be Wad of all Pealef\s. 



JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, 
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HENRY HOE, Sole Agent. 




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